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Optimize the Location of Embedded Pipes by Using Low-Grade Natural Thermal Energy/Waste Heat for Thermal Activated Façade

Received: 8 January 2023     Accepted: 4 February 2023     Published: 24 February 2023
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Abstract

The final effect of a thermal activated façade (TAF) wouldn’t only be influenced by the thermal character of the wall, dimensions and distance of the embedded pipes besides flow rate and temperature of the medium, but also by the location of the pipes. The location of the embedded pipes not only affects the final effect of thermoactivated, there is at the same time an obvious correspondence with the temperature of the medium. The simulations and lab investigations have concluded that the optimization the depth of embedded pipes, is necessary in order to use low-grade natural thermal energy/waste heat (LGTE) to achieve TAF. Using the bench mark of the “equivalent thermal resistance” (ER-Value), it is clear that the closer the pipes are located to the outside, the less energy grade is required. However, not all of the LGTE with higher temperature than outdoor air can be used for TAF. The limit of LGTE is the “Invalid Medium Temperature” (IVMT); although there is still a temperature difference between the medium and the outdoor environment, its thermal driving potential is not enough to form an effective heat transfer between the pipe and its surrounding per unit length, so that the medium circulation in the wall hardly contributes to changing the temperature gradient in the wall.

Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12
Page(s) 9-25
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Thermoactivated Façade/Envelop/Wall (TAF), Low-Grade Thermal Energy (LGTE), Equivalent Thermal Resistance (ER-Value), Invalid Medium/Water Temperature (IVMT), Ideal Medium/Water Temperature (IDMT)

References
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[2] LIU XIAO HUA, XIE XIAO YUN, ZHANG TAO, JIANG YI. Thermodynamic theory in the making process of indoor thermal environment [M]. 1st edition. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press, 2016.
[3] Jiang Yi, Liu Xiao Hua and Xie Xiao Yun. Thermological Analysis Frame in Thermal-Hygro Environment Building [J]. HV&AC, 2011, 41 (3): 1–12.
[4] SHEN CHONG. Investigation on the Method of Utilizing Natural Energy to Reduce the Cooling and Heating Load from Building Envelope [D]. Tsinghua University, 2018, 04.
[5] YAN SHUAI, SHEN CHONG LI XIAN TING LÜ WEI HUA. Predicting method for annual dynamic performance of pipe-embedded windows [J]. HV&AC, 2018 48 (3).
[6] SHEN C, LI X. Solar heat gain reduction of double glazing window with cooling pipes embedded in venetian blinds by utilizing natural cooling [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2016, 112: 173–183. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.11.073.
[7] SHEN C, LI X, YAN S. Numerical study on energy efficiency and economy of a pipe-embedded glass envelope di-rectly utilizing ground-source water for heating in diverse climates [J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2017, 150: 878–889. DOI: 10.1016/j.enconman.2017.04.063.
[8] ZHU QIU YUAN, XU XIN HUA, PU ZAI YUAN. Study on Energy Efficiency of Pipe-embedded Building Envelopes [J]. Building Science, 2011, 12.
[9] ZHU QIU YUAN XU XIN HUA. Thermal performance of active pipe-embedded building envelopes in frequency domains [J]. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2013, 11.
[10] ZHU QIU YUAN, XU XIN HUA, GAO JIA JIA. Heat Transfer Analysis of Pipe-Embedded Building Envelopes [J]. Chinese Journal of Refrigeration Technology, 2012, 09.
[11] XIE J, ZHU Q, XU X. An active pipe-embedded building envelope for utilizing low-grade energy sources [J]. Jour-nal of Central South University, 2012, 19 (6): 1663–1667. DOI: 10.1007/s11771-012-1190-3.
[12] LI A, XU X, SUN Y. A study on pipe-embedded wall integrated with ground source-coupled heat ex-changer for enhanced building energy efficiency in diverse climate regions [J]. Energy and Buildings, 2016, 121: 139–151. DOI: 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.04.005.
[13] ZHANG ZHI GANG, DUAN CAI XIA. HEAT TRANSFER OPTIMIZATION OF WALL IMPLANTED WITH HEAT PIPES [J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2016, 4.
[14] ZHANG ZHI GANG, SHI YA PENG, SUN QING. Analysis on Energy Saving Potential of the Wall Implanted with Heat Pipes in Summer [J]. Journal of Tianjin Chengjian University, 2017, 12.
[15] ZHANG ZHI GANG, SUN ZHI JIAN. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THEWALL IMPLANTED WITH HEAT PIPES [J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2016, 03.
[16] Zhuang Z, Guo W, Ye H, et al. Thermal Performance of Building under Two Ideal Heating Patterns [J]. Procedia Engineering, 2017, 205: 3615–3622. DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.213.
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  • APA Style

    Heinz-Axel Guo. (2023). Optimize the Location of Embedded Pipes by Using Low-Grade Natural Thermal Energy/Waste Heat for Thermal Activated Façade. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 11(1), 9-25. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12

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    ACS Style

    Heinz-Axel Guo. Optimize the Location of Embedded Pipes by Using Low-Grade Natural Thermal Energy/Waste Heat for Thermal Activated Façade. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2023, 11(1), 9-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12

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    AMA Style

    Heinz-Axel Guo. Optimize the Location of Embedded Pipes by Using Low-Grade Natural Thermal Energy/Waste Heat for Thermal Activated Façade. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2023;11(1):9-25. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12,
      author = {Heinz-Axel Guo},
      title = {Optimize the Location of Embedded Pipes by Using Low-Grade Natural Thermal Energy/Waste Heat for Thermal Activated Façade},
      journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
      volume = {11},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-25},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20231101.12},
      abstract = {The final effect of a thermal activated façade (TAF) wouldn’t only be influenced by the thermal character of the wall, dimensions and distance of the embedded pipes besides flow rate and temperature of the medium, but also by the location of the pipes. The location of the embedded pipes not only affects the final effect of thermoactivated, there is at the same time an obvious correspondence with the temperature of the medium. The simulations and lab investigations have concluded that the optimization the depth of embedded pipes, is necessary in order to use low-grade natural thermal energy/waste heat (LGTE) to achieve TAF. Using the bench mark of the “equivalent thermal resistance” (ER-Value), it is clear that the closer the pipes are located to the outside, the less energy grade is required. However, not all of the LGTE with higher temperature than outdoor air can be used for TAF. The limit of LGTE is the “Invalid Medium Temperature” (IVMT); although there is still a temperature difference between the medium and the outdoor environment, its thermal driving potential is not enough to form an effective heat transfer between the pipe and its surrounding per unit length, so that the medium circulation in the wall hardly contributes to changing the temperature gradient in the wall.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Optimize the Location of Embedded Pipes by Using Low-Grade Natural Thermal Energy/Waste Heat for Thermal Activated Façade
    AU  - Heinz-Axel Guo
    Y1  - 2023/02/24
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12
    T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 25
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0248
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20231101.12
    AB  - The final effect of a thermal activated façade (TAF) wouldn’t only be influenced by the thermal character of the wall, dimensions and distance of the embedded pipes besides flow rate and temperature of the medium, but also by the location of the pipes. The location of the embedded pipes not only affects the final effect of thermoactivated, there is at the same time an obvious correspondence with the temperature of the medium. The simulations and lab investigations have concluded that the optimization the depth of embedded pipes, is necessary in order to use low-grade natural thermal energy/waste heat (LGTE) to achieve TAF. Using the bench mark of the “equivalent thermal resistance” (ER-Value), it is clear that the closer the pipes are located to the outside, the less energy grade is required. However, not all of the LGTE with higher temperature than outdoor air can be used for TAF. The limit of LGTE is the “Invalid Medium Temperature” (IVMT); although there is still a temperature difference between the medium and the outdoor environment, its thermal driving potential is not enough to form an effective heat transfer between the pipe and its surrounding per unit length, so that the medium circulation in the wall hardly contributes to changing the temperature gradient in the wall.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Center for Cultural Studies on Science and Technology in China (CCST), Technical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany

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