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Prevalence of Anti Erythocyte Alloimmunization to Sub-Saharan African Blood Donors

Received: 4 May 2019     Accepted: 23 August 2019     Published: 6 September 2019
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Abstract

A part from any incompatible blood transfusion, anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization is observed to pregnant women. It is the result of the passage of red blood cells carrying antigens different from those of the mother during pregnancy and delivery. The Rhesus D system is the most involved; but there are also other systems involved in this alloimmunization. Non-transfusion alloimmunization is an extremely rare event in the order of 1 of 4000 to women in Europe and in most cases concerns the Rhesus D. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are no statistics collected on foeto-maternal alloimmunization. As part of our postgraduate thesis on the sensitization status of red blood cells to acridine, we used the technique of looking for irregular agglutinins. The goal was to find anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization to blood donors in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a two-year multicenter prospective and descriptive study of 903 blood donors in Côte d'Ivoire, Benin and Cameroon. The samples were analyzed in the laboratories of the National Blood Transfusion Center of Côte D'Ivoire and Frankfurt according to the technique of the RAI gel card of the BIORAD company after centrifugation and incubation using test red cells treated with S-303. In the case of a positive reaction, identification is made by a panel of red blood cells in the different blood group systems. In our study population, there is a male predominance with a male/female ratio of 7.42. We found a very low prevalence of alloimmunization to non-transfused blood donors (0.9% or 8 cases out of 902). 4 anti-erythrocyte antibodies have been identified (1 Ac anti D and 3 AC anti S); 2 pan-agglutination, 2 unidentified Ac (insufficient serum) and suspicion of anti-glutathione. Anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization to sub-Saharan Africa blood donor is about 0.9% in our series. It remains high compared to European data. This alloimmunization is mainly observed to women with low frequency antigens to black peoples.

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12
Page(s) 33-36
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Antierythrocyte, Alloimmization, Subsaharian, Blood Donor

References
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Cite This Article
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    Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou, Dasse Sery Romuald, Altemeyer Anaïs, Soraya Amar, Tayou Claude, et al. (2019). Prevalence of Anti Erythocyte Alloimmunization to Sub-Saharan African Blood Donors. International Journal of Immunology, 7(2), 33-36. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12

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    Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou; Dasse Sery Romuald; Altemeyer Anaïs; Soraya Amar; Tayou Claude, et al. Prevalence of Anti Erythocyte Alloimmunization to Sub-Saharan African Blood Donors. Int. J. Immunol. 2019, 7(2), 33-36. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12

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    AMA Style

    Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou, Dasse Sery Romuald, Altemeyer Anaïs, Soraya Amar, Tayou Claude, et al. Prevalence of Anti Erythocyte Alloimmunization to Sub-Saharan African Blood Donors. Int J Immunol. 2019;7(2):33-36. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12,
      author = {Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou and Dasse Sery Romuald and Altemeyer Anaïs and Soraya Amar and Tayou Claude and Anani Ludovic and Kassogue Kadidia and Geisen Cristof and Herbrich Anne and Kouamenan Sisonie and Konate Seidou},
      title = {Prevalence of Anti Erythocyte Alloimmunization to  Sub-Saharan African Blood Donors},
      journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {33-36},
      doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20190702.12},
      abstract = {A part from any incompatible blood transfusion, anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization is observed to pregnant women. It is the result of the passage of red blood cells carrying antigens different from those of the mother during pregnancy and delivery. The Rhesus D system is the most involved; but there are also other systems involved in this alloimmunization. Non-transfusion alloimmunization is an extremely rare event in the order of 1 of 4000 to women in Europe and in most cases concerns the Rhesus D. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are no statistics collected on foeto-maternal alloimmunization. As part of our postgraduate thesis on the sensitization status of red blood cells to acridine, we used the technique of looking for irregular agglutinins. The goal was to find anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization to blood donors in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a two-year multicenter prospective and descriptive study of 903 blood donors in Côte d'Ivoire, Benin and Cameroon. The samples were analyzed in the laboratories of the National Blood Transfusion Center of Côte D'Ivoire and Frankfurt according to the technique of the RAI gel card of the BIORAD company after centrifugation and incubation using test red cells treated with S-303. In the case of a positive reaction, identification is made by a panel of red blood cells in the different blood group systems. In our study population, there is a male predominance with a male/female ratio of 7.42. We found a very low prevalence of alloimmunization to non-transfused blood donors (0.9% or 8 cases out of 902). 4 anti-erythrocyte antibodies have been identified (1 Ac anti D and 3 AC anti S); 2 pan-agglutination, 2 unidentified Ac (insufficient serum) and suspicion of anti-glutathione. Anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization to sub-Saharan Africa blood donor is about 0.9% in our series. It remains high compared to European data. This alloimmunization is mainly observed to women with low frequency antigens to black peoples.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence of Anti Erythocyte Alloimmunization to  Sub-Saharan African Blood Donors
    AU  - Sekongo Yassongui Mamadou
    AU  - Dasse Sery Romuald
    AU  - Altemeyer Anaïs
    AU  - Soraya Amar
    AU  - Tayou Claude
    AU  - Anani Ludovic
    AU  - Kassogue Kadidia
    AU  - Geisen Cristof
    AU  - Herbrich Anne
    AU  - Kouamenan Sisonie
    AU  - Konate Seidou
    Y1  - 2019/09/06
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12
    T2  - International Journal of Immunology
    JF  - International Journal of Immunology
    JO  - International Journal of Immunology
    SP  - 33
    EP  - 36
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-1753
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20190702.12
    AB  - A part from any incompatible blood transfusion, anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization is observed to pregnant women. It is the result of the passage of red blood cells carrying antigens different from those of the mother during pregnancy and delivery. The Rhesus D system is the most involved; but there are also other systems involved in this alloimmunization. Non-transfusion alloimmunization is an extremely rare event in the order of 1 of 4000 to women in Europe and in most cases concerns the Rhesus D. In sub-Saharan Africa, there are no statistics collected on foeto-maternal alloimmunization. As part of our postgraduate thesis on the sensitization status of red blood cells to acridine, we used the technique of looking for irregular agglutinins. The goal was to find anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization to blood donors in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a two-year multicenter prospective and descriptive study of 903 blood donors in Côte d'Ivoire, Benin and Cameroon. The samples were analyzed in the laboratories of the National Blood Transfusion Center of Côte D'Ivoire and Frankfurt according to the technique of the RAI gel card of the BIORAD company after centrifugation and incubation using test red cells treated with S-303. In the case of a positive reaction, identification is made by a panel of red blood cells in the different blood group systems. In our study population, there is a male predominance with a male/female ratio of 7.42. We found a very low prevalence of alloimmunization to non-transfused blood donors (0.9% or 8 cases out of 902). 4 anti-erythrocyte antibodies have been identified (1 Ac anti D and 3 AC anti S); 2 pan-agglutination, 2 unidentified Ac (insufficient serum) and suspicion of anti-glutathione. Anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization to sub-Saharan Africa blood donor is about 0.9% in our series. It remains high compared to European data. This alloimmunization is mainly observed to women with low frequency antigens to black peoples.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • National Blood Transfusion Center of C?te D’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

  • Hospitality and University Center of Cocody, Abidjan, C?te D’Ivoire

  • Transfusion Swiss Red Cross Switzerland, Laupenstrasse, Switzerland

  • Haematology and Blood Transfusion Service of University Teaching Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Blood Transfusion Agency of Benin, Benin, Nigeria

  • National Blood Transfusion Center of C?te D’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

  • Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Frankfurt, Germany

  • Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunohematology, Frankfurt, Germany

  • National Blood Transfusion Center of C?te D’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

  • National Blood Transfusion Center of C?te D’Ivoire, Abidjan, Ivory Coast

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