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Pregnancy Specific Beta-1 Glycoprotein, Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Eclampsia in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Received: 25 March 2019     Accepted: 5 May 2019     Published: 12 June 2019
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Abstract

Eclampsia (EC), a human pregnancy–specific-syndrome is the life-threatening occurrence of convulsion (s) in association with signs of preeclampsia (hypertension and proteinura). Eclampsia has remained a significant public health threat, contributing to maternal and prerinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. However, the pathogenic mechanism of the disease is not fully understood. Disturbance of the cytokine equilibrium has been accused for many pathological disorders including EC. Thus the aim of this study was to analyze the maternal cytokines and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in EC and compared results with those of normal healthy pregnant controls. Enzyme linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels ofpro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis [TNF]-α, and interleukin [IL] -2), anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-4 and IL-10] and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein (PSG-1) in the peripheral blood of patients with EC (n=38), normal healthy pregnant women [PC] (n=25) and compared withhealthy non pregnant women controls [NPC] (n=25). Women with malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infections were excluded from the study. The overall results (Mean ±SD) were: TNF-α (2.34 ±0.13 pg/ml) in EC was significantly higher than the mean values (2.25±0.07pg/ml and 2.24±0.10 pg/ml) in PC and NPC respectively. Furthermore, EC had higher TNF-α mean value compared with NPC (P<0.05). There was no statistical difference in mean IL-2 value between EC (1.69±0.17 Pg/ml), PC (1.71±0.0.09Pg/ml) and NPC (1.72±0.13Pg/ml) (P>0.05). The mean value of IL-10 was noted to be lower in EC (1.28±0.54Pg/ml) compared with: PC (1.58±0.61 Pg/ml) and NPC (2.06±0.08Pg/ml). No significant difference in IL-4 mean value exist between EC (2.45±0.10 Pg/ml) and NPC (2.45 Pg/ml) (P>0.05) but significant difference exist between EC and NPC (2.40±0.0 6Pg/ml) (P<0.05). The serum PSG-1 levels in EC (2.5±0.11 Pg/ml) and PC (2.5±0.03 Pg/ml) were similar and significantly higher than in NPC (0.06±0.020 Pg/ml) P<0.05. While a pro-inflammatory cytokine environment was demonstrated in EC, and decreased anti-inflammatory reactivity, EC was not associated with low levels of PSG-1. Further research is advocated to discover how anti-inflammatory cytokines could be exploited as a therapeutic agent for women at high risk of EC.

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 7, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12
Page(s) 5-11
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Eclampsia, Interleukin, Pregnancy Specific Beta-1 Glycoprotein, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Pro-inflammatory Cytokines, Anti-inflammatory Cytokines

References
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[16] Musa, B. Onyemelukwe, G. Olatunji, O. Odogwu, K. Hambolu, J. and Kene, T. (2012). Serum cytokine levels and T lymphocytes subsets in pregnant women with eclampsia. Open Journal of Immunology, 2: 116-124.
[17] Anim-Nyame, N. Gamble, J. Sooranna, S. R. Johnson, M. R. and Steer, P. J. (2003). Microvascular permeability is related to circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor –alpha in preeclampsia. Cardiovascular Research, 58: 162-169.
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[26] Arnold, L. L. Doherty, T. M. Flor, A. W. Simon, J. A. Chou, J. Y. Chan, W. Y. and Mansfield, B. C. (1999). Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein gene expression in recurrent aborters: a potential correlation to interleukin-10 expression. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 41: 174-182.
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    Jim Monday Banda, Geoffrey Chukwubuike Onyemelukwe, Bolanle O. Patricia Musa, Sunday Oladapo Shittu. (2019). Pregnancy Specific Beta-1 Glycoprotein, Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Eclampsia in Kaduna State, Nigeria. International Journal of Immunology, 7(1), 5-11. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12

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    Jim Monday Banda; Geoffrey Chukwubuike Onyemelukwe; Bolanle O. Patricia Musa; Sunday Oladapo Shittu. Pregnancy Specific Beta-1 Glycoprotein, Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Eclampsia in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Int. J. Immunol. 2019, 7(1), 5-11. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12

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    AMA Style

    Jim Monday Banda, Geoffrey Chukwubuike Onyemelukwe, Bolanle O. Patricia Musa, Sunday Oladapo Shittu. Pregnancy Specific Beta-1 Glycoprotein, Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Eclampsia in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Int J Immunol. 2019;7(1):5-11. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12,
      author = {Jim Monday Banda and Geoffrey Chukwubuike Onyemelukwe and Bolanle O. Patricia Musa and Sunday Oladapo Shittu},
      title = {Pregnancy Specific Beta-1 Glycoprotein, Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Eclampsia in Kaduna State, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {5-11},
      doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20190701.12},
      abstract = {Eclampsia (EC), a human pregnancy–specific-syndrome is the life-threatening occurrence of convulsion (s) in association with signs of preeclampsia (hypertension and proteinura). Eclampsia has remained a significant public health threat, contributing to maternal and prerinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. However, the pathogenic mechanism of the disease is not fully understood. Disturbance of the cytokine equilibrium has been accused for many pathological disorders including EC. Thus the aim of this study was to analyze the maternal cytokines and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in EC and compared results with those of normal healthy pregnant controls. Enzyme linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels ofpro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis [TNF]-α, and interleukin [IL] -2), anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-4 and IL-10] and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein (PSG-1) in the peripheral blood of patients with EC (n=38), normal healthy pregnant women [PC] (n=25) and compared withhealthy non pregnant women controls [NPC] (n=25). Women with malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infections were excluded from the study. The overall results (Mean ±SD) were: TNF-α (2.34 ±0.13 pg/ml) in EC was significantly higher than the mean values (2.25±0.07pg/ml and 2.24±0.10 pg/ml) in PC and NPC respectively. Furthermore, EC had higher TNF-α mean value compared with NPC (P0.05). The mean value of IL-10 was noted to be lower in EC (1.28±0.54Pg/ml) compared with: PC (1.58±0.61 Pg/ml) and NPC (2.06±0.08Pg/ml). No significant difference in IL-4 mean value exist between EC (2.45±0.10 Pg/ml) and NPC (2.45 Pg/ml) (P>0.05) but significant difference exist between EC and NPC (2.40±0.0 6Pg/ml) (P<0.05). The serum PSG-1 levels in EC (2.5±0.11 Pg/ml) and PC (2.5±0.03 Pg/ml) were similar and significantly higher than in NPC (0.06±0.020 Pg/ml) P<0.05. While a pro-inflammatory cytokine environment was demonstrated in EC, and decreased anti-inflammatory reactivity, EC was not associated with low levels of PSG-1. Further research is advocated to discover how anti-inflammatory cytokines could be exploited as a therapeutic agent for women at high risk of EC.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Pregnancy Specific Beta-1 Glycoprotein, Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Eclampsia in Kaduna State, Nigeria
    AU  - Jim Monday Banda
    AU  - Geoffrey Chukwubuike Onyemelukwe
    AU  - Bolanle O. Patricia Musa
    AU  - Sunday Oladapo Shittu
    Y1  - 2019/06/12
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12
    T2  - International Journal of Immunology
    JF  - International Journal of Immunology
    JO  - International Journal of Immunology
    SP  - 5
    EP  - 11
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2329-1753
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20190701.12
    AB  - Eclampsia (EC), a human pregnancy–specific-syndrome is the life-threatening occurrence of convulsion (s) in association with signs of preeclampsia (hypertension and proteinura). Eclampsia has remained a significant public health threat, contributing to maternal and prerinatal morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. However, the pathogenic mechanism of the disease is not fully understood. Disturbance of the cytokine equilibrium has been accused for many pathological disorders including EC. Thus the aim of this study was to analyze the maternal cytokines and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein in EC and compared results with those of normal healthy pregnant controls. Enzyme linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure levels ofpro-inflammatory cytokines (Tumor necrosis [TNF]-α, and interleukin [IL] -2), anti-inflammatory cytokines [IL-4 and IL-10] and pregnancy specific beta-1 glycoprotein (PSG-1) in the peripheral blood of patients with EC (n=38), normal healthy pregnant women [PC] (n=25) and compared withhealthy non pregnant women controls [NPC] (n=25). Women with malaria and human immunodeficiency virus infections were excluded from the study. The overall results (Mean ±SD) were: TNF-α (2.34 ±0.13 pg/ml) in EC was significantly higher than the mean values (2.25±0.07pg/ml and 2.24±0.10 pg/ml) in PC and NPC respectively. Furthermore, EC had higher TNF-α mean value compared with NPC (P0.05). The mean value of IL-10 was noted to be lower in EC (1.28±0.54Pg/ml) compared with: PC (1.58±0.61 Pg/ml) and NPC (2.06±0.08Pg/ml). No significant difference in IL-4 mean value exist between EC (2.45±0.10 Pg/ml) and NPC (2.45 Pg/ml) (P>0.05) but significant difference exist between EC and NPC (2.40±0.0 6Pg/ml) (P<0.05). The serum PSG-1 levels in EC (2.5±0.11 Pg/ml) and PC (2.5±0.03 Pg/ml) were similar and significantly higher than in NPC (0.06±0.020 Pg/ml) P<0.05. While a pro-inflammatory cytokine environment was demonstrated in EC, and decreased anti-inflammatory reactivity, EC was not associated with low levels of PSG-1. Further research is advocated to discover how anti-inflammatory cytokines could be exploited as a therapeutic agent for women at high risk of EC.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria

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