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Study on Medication Adherence Among Adolescents on Antiretroviral Medications in Lagos State

Received: 17 March 2021     Accepted: 27 March 2021     Published: 8 July 2021
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Abstract

Worldwide, the rate of new HIV infections is highest among people between the ages of 15 and 24. Poor ART adherence increases the risk of viral drug-resistance, limits treatment efficacy and reduces future therapeutic choices. This study was carried out to determine the level of adherence among adolescents on antiretroviral medications. This study was carried out on adolescent 10-19 years who are HIV positive on ART in 3 health facilities in Lagos State, South West Nigeria providing comprehensive ART services. The sample size was determined using the Leslie Kish formula for cross-sectional studies. Data was collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. In-depth interview was also used to collect information from participant. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 25.0. Finding from the study show that more 77.3% had optimal adherence for two months and 68.7% had optimal adherence for two weeks. Over twenty-five percent (25.3%) did not even take their medication the day before interview. The level of adherence is higher among adolescents older than 13 years (25.4% for optimal and 29.5% for sub-optimal. In conclusion, the study reveals there is a low rate of adherence amongst adolescents leading to poor clinical outcomes.

Published in International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20210702.11
Page(s) 54-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adherence, Adolescent, ART, CD4, HIV, Viral Suppression

References
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[2] World Health Organization (WHO) 2018. HIV and youth, https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/topics/adolescence/hiv/en/ (accessed January 2019).
[3] UNICEF. Adolescent HIV Prevention. UNICEF Data. 2018. Available from https://data.unicef.org/topic/hivaids/adolescent s-young-people/. Accessed 15 Aug 2019.
[4] Firdu, N., Enquoselassie, F. and Degu Jerene, D. (2017). HIV infected adolescents have low adherence to antiretroviral therapy: a cross sectional study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The Pan African Medical Journal; 27: 80.
[5] Hornschuh, S., Dietrich, J. J., Tshabalala, C., & Laher, F. (2017). Antiretroviral Treatment Adherence: Knowledge and Experiences among Adolescents and Young Adults in Soweto, South Africa. AIDS Research and Treatment, 2017, 5192516.
[6] Kim, S. H., Gerver, S. M., Fidler, S. & Ward, H. (2014). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in adolescents living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS (London, England), 28 (13), 1945–1956.
[7] Ugwu, R and Eneh, A. (2013). Factors influencing adherence to paediatric antiretroviral therapy in Portharcourt, South- South Nigeria. Pan African Medical journal; 16 (30): 1-9.
[8] Watson, D. C. and Farley, J. J. (1999). Efficacy of and adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in children infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Paediatric Infectious Disease Journal; 18 (8): 682-689.
[9] Steele, R. G. and Grauer, D. (2003). Adherence to antiretroviral therapy for pediatric HIV infection: review of the literature and recommendations for research. Clinical Child Family Psychology Review; 6 (1): 17-30.
[10] Gifford, A. L., Bormann, J. E, Shively, M. J., Wright, B. C., Richman, D. D. & Bozzette, S. A. (2000). Predictors of self-reported adherence and plasma HIV concentrations in patients on multidrug antiretroviral regimens. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 23: 386–395.
[11] Murphy, D. A., Wilson, C. M., Durako, S. J., Muenz, L. R. and Belzer, M. (2001). Antiretroviral medication adherence among the REACH HIV-infected adolescent cohort in the USA. AIDS Care. 13 (1): 27-40.
[12] Reddington, C., Cohen, J., Baldillo, A. et al. (2000). Adherence to medication regimens among children with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Paediatric Infectious Disease Journal; 19 (12): 1148-1153.
[13] Svarstad, B. L. Chewning, B. A., Sleath, B. L. and Claesson, C. (1999). The Brief Medication Questionnaire: a tool for screening patient adherence and barriers to adherence. Patient Education and Conselling; 37 (2): 113-24.
[14] Belzer, M. E., Fuchs, D. N., Luftman, G. S., and Tucker, D. J. (1999). Antiretroviral adherence issues among HIV-positive adolescents and young adults. Journal of Adolescent Health, 25 (5), 316-319.
[15] Bezabhe, W. M., Chalmers, L., Bereznicki, L. R., and Peterson, G. M. (2016). Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy and Virologic Failure: A Meta-Analysis. Medicine, 95 (15), e3361.
[16] Nabukeera-Barungi, N., Elyanu, P., Asire, B. et al. BMC Infect Dis (2015) 15: 520. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1265-5.
[17] Rao, D., Kekwaletswe, T. C., Hosek, S., Martinez, J., and Rodriguez, F. (2007). Stigma and social barriers to medication adherence with urban youth living with HIV. AIDS care, 19 (1), 28-33.
[18] Viswanathan, S., Detels, R., Mehta, S. H., Macatangay, B. J. C., Kirk, D. G. & Jacobson, L. P. (2015). Level of adherence and HIV RNA suppression in the current era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). AIDS Behaviour, 19 (4): 601-611.
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  • APA Style

    Sadiq Rukayyat, Nwanya Emmanuel, Omo-Eboh Francis Omokhudu, Nnamani Okechukwu Hosea, Okunade Opeyemi Salome, et al. (2021). Study on Medication Adherence Among Adolescents on Antiretroviral Medications in Lagos State. International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science, 7(2), 54-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20210702.11

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    ACS Style

    Sadiq Rukayyat; Nwanya Emmanuel; Omo-Eboh Francis Omokhudu; Nnamani Okechukwu Hosea; Okunade Opeyemi Salome, et al. Study on Medication Adherence Among Adolescents on Antiretroviral Medications in Lagos State. Int. J. HIV/AIDS Prev. Educ. Behav. Sci. 2021, 7(2), 54-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20210702.11

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    AMA Style

    Sadiq Rukayyat, Nwanya Emmanuel, Omo-Eboh Francis Omokhudu, Nnamani Okechukwu Hosea, Okunade Opeyemi Salome, et al. Study on Medication Adherence Among Adolescents on Antiretroviral Medications in Lagos State. Int J HIV/AIDS Prev Educ Behav Sci. 2021;7(2):54-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20210702.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20210702.11,
      author = {Sadiq Rukayyat and Nwanya Emmanuel and Omo-Eboh Francis Omokhudu and Nnamani Okechukwu Hosea and Okunade Opeyemi Salome and Ojegbola Blessing and Soyemi Chinedu Emmanuella},
      title = {Study on Medication Adherence Among Adolescents on Antiretroviral Medications in Lagos State},
      journal = {International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {54-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20210702.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijhpebs.20210702.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijhpebs.20210702.11},
      abstract = {Worldwide, the rate of new HIV infections is highest among people between the ages of 15 and 24. Poor ART adherence increases the risk of viral drug-resistance, limits treatment efficacy and reduces future therapeutic choices. This study was carried out to determine the level of adherence among adolescents on antiretroviral medications. This study was carried out on adolescent 10-19 years who are HIV positive on ART in 3 health facilities in Lagos State, South West Nigeria providing comprehensive ART services. The sample size was determined using the Leslie Kish formula for cross-sectional studies. Data was collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. In-depth interview was also used to collect information from participant. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 25.0. Finding from the study show that more 77.3% had optimal adherence for two months and 68.7% had optimal adherence for two weeks. Over twenty-five percent (25.3%) did not even take their medication the day before interview. The level of adherence is higher among adolescents older than 13 years (25.4% for optimal and 29.5% for sub-optimal. In conclusion, the study reveals there is a low rate of adherence amongst adolescents leading to poor clinical outcomes.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    T1  - Study on Medication Adherence Among Adolescents on Antiretroviral Medications in Lagos State
    AU  - Sadiq Rukayyat
    AU  - Nwanya Emmanuel
    AU  - Omo-Eboh Francis Omokhudu
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    AU  - Ojegbola Blessing
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    JF  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
    JO  - International Journal of HIV/AIDS Prevention, Education and Behavioural Science
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    AB  - Worldwide, the rate of new HIV infections is highest among people between the ages of 15 and 24. Poor ART adherence increases the risk of viral drug-resistance, limits treatment efficacy and reduces future therapeutic choices. This study was carried out to determine the level of adherence among adolescents on antiretroviral medications. This study was carried out on adolescent 10-19 years who are HIV positive on ART in 3 health facilities in Lagos State, South West Nigeria providing comprehensive ART services. The sample size was determined using the Leslie Kish formula for cross-sectional studies. Data was collected using structured and pre-tested questionnaire. In-depth interview was also used to collect information from participant. Data were analyzed using SPSS for windows version 25.0. Finding from the study show that more 77.3% had optimal adherence for two months and 68.7% had optimal adherence for two weeks. Over twenty-five percent (25.3%) did not even take their medication the day before interview. The level of adherence is higher among adolescents older than 13 years (25.4% for optimal and 29.5% for sub-optimal. In conclusion, the study reveals there is a low rate of adherence amongst adolescents leading to poor clinical outcomes.
    VL  - 7
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Author Information
  • Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Lagos State College of Health Technology, Lagos, Nigeria

  • Department of Public Health, Federal University of Technology Owerri, Imo, Nigeria

  • College of Medicine, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana

  • Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Ibadan College of Medicine, Oyo, Nigeria

  • College of Health Sciences, Ogun State, Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital/Obafemi Awolowo, Sagamu, Nigeria

  • Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria

  • Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria

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