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Evaluation of the Microbiological Contamination of Digestive Endoscopes at the Teaching Hospital of Marrakech (Morocco)

Received: 23 September 2018     Accepted: 8 October 2018     Published: 5 November 2018
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Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of endoscope disinfection at teaching Hospital of Marrakech between March 1st and June 1st, 2015. It is a prospective study of the results of microbiological tests carried out at the teaching Hospital of Marrakech between March 1st and June 1st 2015 over a period of 3 months, with digestive endoscopes. The sampling and the interpretation of the microbiological results were carried out according to the recommendations of the Technical Committee for Nosocomial Infections and Infections Linked to Health Care) (CTINILS). The results obtained showed a residual contamination of total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT) at the order of 4,9.103 CFU/ endoscope. 12 microorganisms were isolated and identified. Pseudomonas spp. was the most frequently isolated bacteria in these samples, (47% of all positive samples). The rest is shared between Micrococcus spp (15%), Staphylococcus spp (23%) and Bacillus spp. (10%). The corrective measures established concerning the disinfection procedure adopted in the service made it possible to eradicate the contamination at a target level (FMAT <10 CFU / endoscope). The respect of the basic principles of hospital hygiene and the application of rigorous cleaning and disinfection procedures are major elements in the prevention and fight against nosocomial infections.

Published in International Journal of Gastroenterology (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13
Page(s) 12-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Contamination, Disinfection, Endoscopes

References
[1] Comité technique des infections nosocomiales et des infections liées aux soins CTINILS. Eléments d’assurance qualité en hygiène relatifs au contrôle microbiologique des endospores et à la traçabilité en endoscopie. 2007. Conseil supérieur d’hygiène publique de France. Direction générale de la sante.
[2] Struelens MJ, Rost F, Deplano A, et al. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae bacteremia after biliary endoscopy: an outbreak investigation using DNA macrorestriction analysis. Am J Med 1993; 95 (5):489-98.
[3] Schelenz S, French G. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection associated with contamination of bronchoscopes and an endoscope washer-disinfector. J. Hosp 2000; 46 (1):23-30.
[4] Alfa MJ, Degagne P, Olson N. Worst-case soiling levels for patient-used flexible endoscopes before and after cleaning. Am J Infect Control 1999; 27:392-401.
[5] Circulaire DHOS/E2/DGS/SD5C n° 2003-591 du 17 décembre 2003 relative aux modalités de traitement manuel pour la désinfection des endoscopes non autoclavables dans les lieux de soins.
[6] AFSSAPS. Avis de sécurité concernant le nettoyage et la désinfection des endoscopes. DM-RECO 05/—. http:// afssaps.sante.gouv.fr/htm/alertes/filalert/ dm060708.p.
[7] Nelson DB. Infectious disease complications of GI endoscopy: part II, exogenous infections. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 57:695-711.
[8] Weber DJ, Rutala WA. Lessons from outbreaks associated with bronchoscopy. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:403-8. MISE AU POINT/UPDATE.
[9] Oumokhtar B, El Houari H, Mustapha M, et al.Contamination microbiologique résiduelle des endoscopes digestifs Acta Endosc (2008) 5: 483-492 c Springer 2008, DOI 10.1007/s101900800037.
[10] Osborne S, Reynolds S, George, et al. Challenging endoscopy reprocessing guidelines. Endoscopy 2007; 39:825-30.
[11] Nelson D. Infectious disease complications of GI endoscopy. Part II: exogenous infections. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 57:695-711.
[12] Hassaine-Lahfa I, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Sari-Belkherroubi L, et al. Retrospective study of Candida sp. contaminations of endoscopes at the University Hospital of Tlemcen (Algeria) Journal de Mycologie Médicale (2017) 670; No. of Pages 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2017.01.012.
[13] Ministère chargé de la sante, DGS/DHOS, CTIN. Surveillance microbiologique de l’environnement dans les établissements de sante - Air, eaux et surfaces, 2002; 26.
[14] Cabrolier N, Lafolie J, Bertrand X. Epidemiology and risk factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. Journal des Anti-infectieux (2014) 16, 8—12.
[15] Recommandations pour le choix des produits destinés au traitement manuel des endoscopes. Acta Endosc 2000, 30 (3):416-17.
[16] Ismaili R, Alaoui AS, Abou El Ouafa M, Zouhdi M. Hygiène et endoscopie. Revue Marocaine de Biologie Infectiologie 2004; X (1):27-36.
[17] P. Saliou, R. Garlantézec, R. Baron, et al. Microbiological investigation of endoscopes at Brest Hospital over a period from 2007 to 2009. Pathologie Biologie 59 (2011) 88–93.
[18] Beilenhoff U, et al. ESGE-ESGENA guideline: cleaning and disinfection in gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy 2008; 40:939–57.
[19] Pineau L. Laveurs-désinfecteurs d’endoscopes. Hygiènes 2002; 6:431–40.
[20] Chaudier-Delage V, Systchenko R. Maitrise du risque infectieux en endoscopie digestive. Hygiènes 2002; 6:395–410.
[21] Beilenhoff U, et al. ESGE-ESGENA guideline for process validation and routine testing for endoscope reprocessing. Endoscopy 2007; 39:85–94.
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  • APA Style

    Lahoucine Taoufik, Adil Ait Rami, Amine El Khalfi, Zouhour Semlani, Khadija Krati, et al. (2018). Evaluation of the Microbiological Contamination of Digestive Endoscopes at the Teaching Hospital of Marrakech (Morocco). International Journal of Gastroenterology, 2(1), 12-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13

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    ACS Style

    Lahoucine Taoufik; Adil Ait Rami; Amine El Khalfi; Zouhour Semlani; Khadija Krati, et al. Evaluation of the Microbiological Contamination of Digestive Endoscopes at the Teaching Hospital of Marrakech (Morocco). Int. J. Gastroenterol. 2018, 2(1), 12-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13

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    AMA Style

    Lahoucine Taoufik, Adil Ait Rami, Amine El Khalfi, Zouhour Semlani, Khadija Krati, et al. Evaluation of the Microbiological Contamination of Digestive Endoscopes at the Teaching Hospital of Marrakech (Morocco). Int J Gastroenterol. 2018;2(1):12-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13,
      author = {Lahoucine Taoufik and Adil Ait Rami and Amine El Khalfi and Zouhour Semlani and Khadija Krati and Nabila Soraa},
      title = {Evaluation of the Microbiological Contamination of Digestive Endoscopes at the Teaching Hospital of Marrakech (Morocco)},
      journal = {International Journal of Gastroenterology},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {12-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijg.20180201.13},
      abstract = {The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of endoscope disinfection at teaching Hospital of Marrakech between March 1st and June 1st, 2015. It is a prospective study of the results of microbiological tests carried out at the teaching Hospital of Marrakech between March 1st and June 1st 2015 over a period of 3 months, with digestive endoscopes. The sampling and the interpretation of the microbiological results were carried out according to the recommendations of the Technical Committee for Nosocomial Infections and Infections Linked to Health Care) (CTINILS). The results obtained showed a residual contamination of total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT) at the order of 4,9.103 CFU/ endoscope. 12 microorganisms were isolated and identified. Pseudomonas spp. was the most frequently isolated bacteria in these samples, (47% of all positive samples). The rest is shared between Micrococcus spp (15%), Staphylococcus spp (23%) and Bacillus spp. (10%). The corrective measures established concerning the disinfection procedure adopted in the service made it possible to eradicate the contamination at a target level (FMAT <10 CFU / endoscope). The respect of the basic principles of hospital hygiene and the application of rigorous cleaning and disinfection procedures are major elements in the prevention and fight against nosocomial infections.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of the Microbiological Contamination of Digestive Endoscopes at the Teaching Hospital of Marrakech (Morocco)
    AU  - Lahoucine Taoufik
    AU  - Adil Ait Rami
    AU  - Amine El Khalfi
    AU  - Zouhour Semlani
    AU  - Khadija Krati
    AU  - Nabila Soraa
    Y1  - 2018/11/05
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13
    T2  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
    JF  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
    JO  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
    SP  - 12
    EP  - 17
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-169X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.13
    AB  - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the quality of endoscope disinfection at teaching Hospital of Marrakech between March 1st and June 1st, 2015. It is a prospective study of the results of microbiological tests carried out at the teaching Hospital of Marrakech between March 1st and June 1st 2015 over a period of 3 months, with digestive endoscopes. The sampling and the interpretation of the microbiological results were carried out according to the recommendations of the Technical Committee for Nosocomial Infections and Infections Linked to Health Care) (CTINILS). The results obtained showed a residual contamination of total aerobic mesophilic flora (FMAT) at the order of 4,9.103 CFU/ endoscope. 12 microorganisms were isolated and identified. Pseudomonas spp. was the most frequently isolated bacteria in these samples, (47% of all positive samples). The rest is shared between Micrococcus spp (15%), Staphylococcus spp (23%) and Bacillus spp. (10%). The corrective measures established concerning the disinfection procedure adopted in the service made it possible to eradicate the contamination at a target level (FMAT <10 CFU / endoscope). The respect of the basic principles of hospital hygiene and the application of rigorous cleaning and disinfection procedures are major elements in the prevention and fight against nosocomial infections.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Laboratory of Bacteriology Virology, ARRAZI Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Gastroentero-Hepatology Service, ARRAZI Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Laboratory of Bacteriology Virology, ARRAZI Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Gastroentero-Hepatology Service, ARRAZI Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Gastroentero-Hepatology Service, ARRAZI Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Laboratory of Bacteriology Virology, ARRAZI Hospital, Marrakech, Morocco

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