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Comparative Study on Health Knowledge About Biochemical Effect of Chocolate on Human Health Among Females and Males of Hail University

Received: 19 April 2018     Accepted: 3 May 2018     Published: 21 May 2018
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Abstract

Studies on adverse effects produced by chocolate warn consumers about harmful effects of consumption of large amounts of chocolate but there are more studies about benefits of chocolate. A few studies have documented allergic reactions with chocolate in children. It was found that Chocolate had harmful effect on heart and caused heart burn due to its content which cause relaxation of oesophageal sphincter muscle and permits entrance of stomach acidic contents to the oesophagus. Recently, chocolate products have attracted the attention of many researchers because of their nutritional and medicinal Properties. There are rarely published studies from Saudia Arabia exploring the awareness about benefits of chocolate consumption. So, the present study was conducted with the objectives of evaluating the knowledge about benefits of chocolate consumption among students of Hail University in Saudia Arabia. A survey was planned to evaluate health knowledge about biochemical effect of chocolate consumption on human health among females and males of Hail University in Saudia Arabia through a previously standardized questionnaire for questions related to their dietary habits, preferences, knowledge about benefits of chocolate consumption, its benefits effect on health, types of chocolates and frequency of consumption along with self-reported height and weight. Results of study reported the importance of increasing information about health benefits of chocolate consumption to correct people's thinking that the chocolate is harmful. Also, the current study compared between females and males of Hail University in their knowledge.

Published in International Journal of Gastroenterology (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11
Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Cocoa / Chocolate, Benefits of Chocolate, Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant Capacities of Chocolate

References
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[2] Afoakwa EO and MPhil. Cocoa and chocolate consumption– Are there aphrodisiac and other benefits for human health? Afr J ClinNutr.(2008);21(3):107-113.
[3] R. Latif. Chocolate/cocoa and human health; Areview. The Netherlands Journal Medicine (2013); Vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 63-68.
[4] Johannes Bohannon, Diana Koch, Peter Homm and Alexander Driehaus. Chocolate with high cocoa content as a weight-loss accelerator. Med Pub Journals. (2015): Vol. 8, no. 55, pp. 1-8.
[5] I. And ´ ujar, M. C. Recio, R. M. Giner, and J. L. R´ıos. Cocoa Polyphenols and Their Potential Benefits for Human Health. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity (2012); Vol. 23, pp. 1-23.
[6] Roberto Corti; Andreas J. Flammer; Norman K. Hollenberg; Thomas F. Lüscher. Cocoa and Cardiovascular Health. J. Circulation (2009); Vol. 119:1433-1441.
[7] Ellam, S. and Williamson, G. Cocoa and human health. Annu. Rev. Nutr. (2013); Vol. 33:105–128.
[8] Baba S, Natsume M, Yasuda A, Nakamura Y, Tamura T, Osakabe N, Kanegae M, Kondo K. Plasma LDL and HDL cholesterol and oxidized LDL concentrations are altered in normo- and hypercholesterolemic humans after intake of different levels of cocoa powder. J Nutr. (2007); Vol. 137:1436 –1441.
[9] Lee KW, Kim YJ, Lee HJ, Lee CY. Cocoa has more phenolic phytochemicals and a higher antioxidant capacity than teas and red wine. J Agric Food Chem. (2003); 51: 7292-5.
[10] Walcutt DL, Chocolate and Mood Disorders. PsychCentral; 2009. Available at: http://psychcentral.com/blog/archives/2009/04/27/ chocolate-and-mood-disorders/. Accessed on October 18, 2012
[11] D. L. Katz, K. Doughty, and A. Ali, “Cocoa and chocolate in human health and disease. Antioxidant and Redox Signaling (2011); Vol. 15, no. 10, pp. 2779–2811.
[12] Baba S, Osakabe N, Kato Y, Natsume M, Yasuda A, Kido T, Fukuda K, Muto Y, Kondo K. Continuous intake of polyphenolic compounds containing cocoa powder reduces LDL oxidative susceptibility and has beneficial effects on plasma HDL-cholesterol concentrations in humans. Am J ClinNutr. (2007); Vol. 85:709 –717.
[13] Serafini M, Bugianesi R, Maiani G, Valtuena S, De Santis S, Crozier A. Plasma antioxidants from chocolate. Nature (2003); Vol. 424:1013.
[14] B. Romier, Y. J. Schneider, Y. Larondelle, and A. During. Dietary polyphenols can modulate the intestinal inflammatory response. Nutrition Reviews (2009); Vol. 67, no. 7, pp. 363–378.
[15] Zomer E, Owen A, Magliano DJ, Liew D, Reid CM. The effectiveness and cost effectiveness of dark chocolate consumption as prevention therapy in people at high risk of cardiovascular disease: best case scenario analysis using a Markov model. BMJ. (2012); Vol. 344: 3657
[16] G. F. Ferrazzano, I. Amato, A. Ingenito, A. de Natale, and A. Pollio. Anti-cariogenic effects of polyphenols from plant stimulant beverages (cocoa, coffee, tea). J. Fitoterapia (2009); Vol. 80, no. 5, pp. 255–262.
[17] D. Grassi, G. Desideri, S. Necozione. Blood pressure is reduced and insulin sensitivity increased in glucose-intolerant, hypertensive subjects after 15 days of consuming high polyphenol dark chocolate. Journal of Nutrition (2008); Vol. 138, no. 9, pp. 1671–1676.
[18] J. F. Bisson, A. Nejdi, P. Rozan, S. Hidalgo, R. Lalonde, and M. Messaoudi. Effects of long-term administration of a cocoa polyphenolic extract (Acticoa powder) on cognitive performances in aged rats. British Journal of Nutrition (2008); Vol. 100, no. 1, pp. 94–101.
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  • APA Style

    Yomna Ali Moustafa Marzok Elkhateeb, Razan Mohammed AL Harbi. (2018). Comparative Study on Health Knowledge About Biochemical Effect of Chocolate on Human Health Among Females and Males of Hail University. International Journal of Gastroenterology, 2(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11

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    ACS Style

    Yomna Ali Moustafa Marzok Elkhateeb; Razan Mohammed AL Harbi. Comparative Study on Health Knowledge About Biochemical Effect of Chocolate on Human Health Among Females and Males of Hail University. Int. J. Gastroenterol. 2018, 2(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11

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    AMA Style

    Yomna Ali Moustafa Marzok Elkhateeb, Razan Mohammed AL Harbi. Comparative Study on Health Knowledge About Biochemical Effect of Chocolate on Human Health Among Females and Males of Hail University. Int J Gastroenterol. 2018;2(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11,
      author = {Yomna Ali Moustafa Marzok Elkhateeb and Razan Mohammed AL Harbi},
      title = {Comparative Study on Health Knowledge About Biochemical Effect of Chocolate on Human Health Among Females and Males of Hail University},
      journal = {International Journal of Gastroenterology},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijg.20180201.11},
      abstract = {Studies on adverse effects produced by chocolate warn consumers about harmful effects of consumption of large amounts of chocolate but there are more studies about benefits of chocolate. A few studies have documented allergic reactions with chocolate in children. It was found that Chocolate had harmful effect on heart and caused heart burn due to its content which cause relaxation of oesophageal sphincter muscle and permits entrance of stomach acidic contents to the oesophagus. Recently, chocolate products have attracted the attention of many researchers because of their nutritional and medicinal Properties. There are rarely published studies from Saudia Arabia exploring the awareness about benefits of chocolate consumption. So, the present study was conducted with the objectives of evaluating the knowledge about benefits of chocolate consumption among students of Hail University in Saudia Arabia. A survey was planned to evaluate health knowledge about biochemical effect of chocolate consumption on human health among females and males of Hail University in Saudia Arabia through a previously standardized questionnaire for questions related to their dietary habits, preferences, knowledge about benefits of chocolate consumption, its benefits effect on health, types of chocolates and frequency of consumption along with self-reported height and weight. Results of study reported the importance of increasing information about health benefits of chocolate consumption to correct people's thinking that the chocolate is harmful. Also, the current study compared between females and males of Hail University in their knowledge.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparative Study on Health Knowledge About Biochemical Effect of Chocolate on Human Health Among Females and Males of Hail University
    AU  - Yomna Ali Moustafa Marzok Elkhateeb
    AU  - Razan Mohammed AL Harbi
    Y1  - 2018/05/21
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11
    T2  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
    JF  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
    JO  - International Journal of Gastroenterology
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-169X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijg.20180201.11
    AB  - Studies on adverse effects produced by chocolate warn consumers about harmful effects of consumption of large amounts of chocolate but there are more studies about benefits of chocolate. A few studies have documented allergic reactions with chocolate in children. It was found that Chocolate had harmful effect on heart and caused heart burn due to its content which cause relaxation of oesophageal sphincter muscle and permits entrance of stomach acidic contents to the oesophagus. Recently, chocolate products have attracted the attention of many researchers because of their nutritional and medicinal Properties. There are rarely published studies from Saudia Arabia exploring the awareness about benefits of chocolate consumption. So, the present study was conducted with the objectives of evaluating the knowledge about benefits of chocolate consumption among students of Hail University in Saudia Arabia. A survey was planned to evaluate health knowledge about biochemical effect of chocolate consumption on human health among females and males of Hail University in Saudia Arabia through a previously standardized questionnaire for questions related to their dietary habits, preferences, knowledge about benefits of chocolate consumption, its benefits effect on health, types of chocolates and frequency of consumption along with self-reported height and weight. Results of study reported the importance of increasing information about health benefits of chocolate consumption to correct people's thinking that the chocolate is harmful. Also, the current study compared between females and males of Hail University in their knowledge.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt

  • Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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