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The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance

Received: 9 October 2020     Accepted: 21 October 2020     Published: 30 October 2020
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Abstract

Whey protein coupled with a glucose challenge increases insulin secretion and may decrease glucose responses in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. These responses may be attributed to whey protein’s effect on the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various doses of whey protein on postprandial glycemic control and incretin responses. Participants with insulin resistance (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose: 6.9 + 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three randomized treatments. Treatment 1 included 250 ml water + 20 g whey protein (T1), and treatment 2 included 250 ml water + 30 g whey protein (T2). The control treatment included 250 ml water (CON). Each treatment was followed by a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin increased from CON to T1 (P<0.01, 45.5%), CON to T2 (P<0.01, 61.0%), and T1 to T2 (P<0.01, 28.5%), with a significant decrease in postprandial AUC for glucose with T2 (P=0.04, -41.2%). Neither GIP nor GLP-1 iAUC increased with T1 or T2 compared to CON. However, postprandial glucose iAUC was significantly reduced for T2 compared to CON (P=0.04, -41.2%). There was a dose effect of whey protein on plasma insulin with a significant decrease in postprandial glucose iAUC following T2. Thirty grams of a whey protein preload may be adequate to provide postprandial glycemic improvements in the disease management of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes

Published in International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology (Volume 5, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
Page(s) 52-57
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Diabetes, Pre-diabetes, GIP, GLP-1, Glucose, Glucagon

References
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[13] American Diabetes Association. (2018). Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: Standards of medical care in diabetes-2018. Diabetes Care 41 (1): S13-S27.
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  • APA Style

    Todd Castleberry, Christopher Irvine, Ryan Gordon, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah Deemer, et al. (2020). The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology, 5(4), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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    ACS Style

    Todd Castleberry; Christopher Irvine; Ryan Gordon; Matthew Brisebois; Sarah Deemer, et al. The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. Int. J. Food Sci. Biotechnol. 2020, 5(4), 52-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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    AMA Style

    Todd Castleberry, Christopher Irvine, Ryan Gordon, Matthew Brisebois, Sarah Deemer, et al. The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance. Int J Food Sci Biotechnol. 2020;5(4):52-57. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12,
      author = {Todd Castleberry and Christopher Irvine and Ryan Gordon and Matthew Brisebois and Sarah Deemer and Aubrien Henderson and Matthew Sokoloski and Vic Ben-Ezra},
      title = {The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance},
      journal = {International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology},
      volume = {5},
      number = {4},
      pages = {52-57},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfsb.20200504.12},
      abstract = {Whey protein coupled with a glucose challenge increases insulin secretion and may decrease glucose responses in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. These responses may be attributed to whey protein’s effect on the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various doses of whey protein on postprandial glycemic control and incretin responses. Participants with insulin resistance (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose: 6.9 + 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three randomized treatments. Treatment 1 included 250 ml water + 20 g whey protein (T1), and treatment 2 included 250 ml water + 30 g whey protein (T2). The control treatment included 250 ml water (CON). Each treatment was followed by a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin increased from CON to T1 (P2 (P1 to T2 (P2 (P=0.04, -41.2%). Neither GIP nor GLP-1 iAUC increased with T1 or T2 compared to CON. However, postprandial glucose iAUC was significantly reduced for T2 compared to CON (P=0.04, -41.2%). There was a dose effect of whey protein on plasma insulin with a significant decrease in postprandial glucose iAUC following T2. Thirty grams of a whey protein preload may be adequate to provide postprandial glycemic improvements in the disease management of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    T1  - The Dose Effect of Whey Protein on Glycemic Control in Adults with Insulin Resistance
    AU  - Todd Castleberry
    AU  - Christopher Irvine
    AU  - Ryan Gordon
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    JO  - International Journal of Food Science and Biotechnology
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    SN  - 2578-9643
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfsb.20200504.12
    AB  - Whey protein coupled with a glucose challenge increases insulin secretion and may decrease glucose responses in people with pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes. These responses may be attributed to whey protein’s effect on the incretins glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various doses of whey protein on postprandial glycemic control and incretin responses. Participants with insulin resistance (n=9, mean ± SD; age: 64.3 + 8.1 yrs; BMI: 29.4 + 6.0 kg/m2; fasting plasma glucose: 6.9 + 1.2 mmol/l; HbA1c: 6.4 + 0.6%) completed three randomized treatments. Treatment 1 included 250 ml water + 20 g whey protein (T1), and treatment 2 included 250 ml water + 30 g whey protein (T2). The control treatment included 250 ml water (CON). Each treatment was followed by a 50 g oral glucose tolerance test. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for insulin increased from CON to T1 (P2 (P1 to T2 (P2 (P=0.04, -41.2%). Neither GIP nor GLP-1 iAUC increased with T1 or T2 compared to CON. However, postprandial glucose iAUC was significantly reduced for T2 compared to CON (P=0.04, -41.2%). There was a dose effect of whey protein on plasma insulin with a significant decrease in postprandial glucose iAUC following T2. Thirty grams of a whey protein preload may be adequate to provide postprandial glycemic improvements in the disease management of type 2 diabetes or pre-diabetes
    VL  - 5
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Author Information
  • School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

  • School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

  • School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

  • School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

  • School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

  • School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

  • School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

  • School of Health Promotion & Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, USA

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