Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Modeling of Ventilation Characteristics Formed by Jet in Cross Flow

Received: 6 October 2025     Accepted: 8 November 2025     Published: 25 February 2026
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Abstract

It is important to accurately model and analyze the ventilation characteristics formed by jet in cross flow (JICF) of liquid around a plate. Through 3D numerical simulations (using FLUENT), design of experiment (DOE) and regression, a mathematical model is constructed to accurately describe the process of formation of ventilated cavity by gas jet in cross flow of the liquid phase. Multiphase flow and turbulence models are established to reflect the formation and development of the ventilated cavity, and a reasonable simulation plan is established by means of design of experiment, and a regression model is obtained through nonlinear regression. A reasonable simulation plan is established to model the different factors impact on the size of the ventilation cavity and to comprehensively reflect its effect. Ventilation characteristics formed by JICF are then compared with experimental results. The results of various comparative analyses show that the 3D simulation method presented in this paper can more accurately reflect the ventilated cavity formation and, with this, evaluate the ventilation characteristics and make the design reasonably with the mathematical model obtained through design of experiment nonlinear regression. It is of great significance in many applications, including pump jet propeller design, by optimizing the design to meet the given design conditions with reasonable variations of parameters.

Published in International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences (Volume 12, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12
Page(s) 16-23
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

JICF, Ventilation Characteristics, Design of Experiment, Numerical Simulation

References
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[15] WANG, Z. Y., HUANG, B., ZHANG, M. D., et al., Experimental and numerical investigation of ventilated cavitating flow structures with special emphasis on vortex shedding dynamics., Int. J. Mul. Flow., 2018, vol. 98, pp. 79-95.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Pak, J., Jo, M., Ri, K. (2026). Modeling of Ventilation Characteristics Formed by Jet in Cross Flow. International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences, 12(1), 16-23. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12

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    ACS Style

    Pak, J.; Jo, M.; Ri, K. Modeling of Ventilation Characteristics Formed by Jet in Cross Flow. Int. J. Fluid Mech. Therm. Sci. 2026, 12(1), 16-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12

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    AMA Style

    Pak J, Jo M, Ri K. Modeling of Ventilation Characteristics Formed by Jet in Cross Flow. Int J Fluid Mech Therm Sci. 2026;12(1):16-23. doi: 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12,
      author = {Ju-Song Pak and Myong-Jin Jo and Kwang-Il Ri},
      title = {Modeling of Ventilation Characteristics Formed by Jet in Cross Flow},
      journal = {International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences},
      volume = {12},
      number = {1},
      pages = {16-23},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijfmts.20261201.12},
      abstract = {It is important to accurately model and analyze the ventilation characteristics formed by jet in cross flow (JICF) of liquid around a plate. Through 3D numerical simulations (using FLUENT), design of experiment (DOE) and regression, a mathematical model is constructed to accurately describe the process of formation of ventilated cavity by gas jet in cross flow of the liquid phase. Multiphase flow and turbulence models are established to reflect the formation and development of the ventilated cavity, and a reasonable simulation plan is established by means of design of experiment, and a regression model is obtained through nonlinear regression. A reasonable simulation plan is established to model the different factors impact on the size of the ventilation cavity and to comprehensively reflect its effect. Ventilation characteristics formed by JICF are then compared with experimental results. The results of various comparative analyses show that the 3D simulation method presented in this paper can more accurately reflect the ventilated cavity formation and, with this, evaluate the ventilation characteristics and make the design reasonably with the mathematical model obtained through design of experiment nonlinear regression. It is of great significance in many applications, including pump jet propeller design, by optimizing the design to meet the given design conditions with reasonable variations of parameters.},
     year = {2026}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Modeling of Ventilation Characteristics Formed by Jet in Cross Flow
    AU  - Ju-Song Pak
    AU  - Myong-Jin Jo
    AU  - Kwang-Il Ri
    Y1  - 2026/02/25
    PY  - 2026
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12
    T2  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Fluid Mechanics & Thermal Sciences
    SP  - 16
    EP  - 23
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-8113
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfmts.20261201.12
    AB  - It is important to accurately model and analyze the ventilation characteristics formed by jet in cross flow (JICF) of liquid around a plate. Through 3D numerical simulations (using FLUENT), design of experiment (DOE) and regression, a mathematical model is constructed to accurately describe the process of formation of ventilated cavity by gas jet in cross flow of the liquid phase. Multiphase flow and turbulence models are established to reflect the formation and development of the ventilated cavity, and a reasonable simulation plan is established by means of design of experiment, and a regression model is obtained through nonlinear regression. A reasonable simulation plan is established to model the different factors impact on the size of the ventilation cavity and to comprehensively reflect its effect. Ventilation characteristics formed by JICF are then compared with experimental results. The results of various comparative analyses show that the 3D simulation method presented in this paper can more accurately reflect the ventilated cavity formation and, with this, evaluate the ventilation characteristics and make the design reasonably with the mathematical model obtained through design of experiment nonlinear regression. It is of great significance in many applications, including pump jet propeller design, by optimizing the design to meet the given design conditions with reasonable variations of parameters.
    VL  - 12
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

  • Faculty of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, DPR Korea

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