| Peer-Reviewed

Ecological Evaluation of Landscape Using Feng-Shui Theory at Shandiz Urban Region, NE Iran

Received: 20 July 2013     Published: 20 August 2013
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Landscape evaluation has an important role in developing and maintaining sustainability on local, regional and global scales. For this purpose different mathematical, empirical and traditional approaches were applied including Feng-shui theory. The basis of this theory refers to the Chinese traditional knowledge, examination and evaluation of the intrinsic energies of people and places. At the present study the site analysis and the landscape evaluation with Feng-shui theory were applied using the shapes and imaginaries of the landforms in the Shandiz urban region, northeast of Iran. The unsustainable development plans along the land use changes in this region has resulted in land degradations and natural hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the traditional or ecological landscape evaluation at the study area. Based on the Feng-shui method we investigated the assigning nine-lattice zones map of the study area to achieve the ecological landscape evaluation. We think this method is a useful fresh traditional method for application in Middle East area. Our results exhibited that the central cave spot and four directions at the study area had spatially adaptation on the Lo-shu tablet in the nine landscape zones. These zones revealed that the new optimal strategies based on Feng-shui variant characteristics which are the brief research outcomes of landscape evaluation.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy (Volume 1, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13
Page(s) 32-37
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Landscape, Ecological Evaluation, Feng-Shui Theory, Shandiz

References
[1] Chang PT, Lee JH, Hung KC, Tsai JT, Perng C (2009). Applying fuzzy weighted average approach to evaluate office layouts with Feng-shui consideration. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 50(9-10): 1514-1537.
[2] Chen B, Nakama Y (2010). A study on village forest landscape in small island topography in Okinawa, Japan. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 9(2): 139-148.
[3] Chen B, Nakama Y, Kurima G (2008). Layout and composition of house-embracing trees in an island Feng shui village in Okinawa, Japan. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 7(1): 53-61.
[4] Chen XQ, Wu J (2009). Sustainable landscape architecture: implications of the Chinese philosophy of ‘‘unity of man with nature’’ and beyond. Landscape Ecology, 24(8): 1015-1026.
[5] Forman RTT (1995). Land mosaics: The ecology of landscape and region. Cambridge University Press, London.
[6] Henderson PW, Cote JA, Leong SM, Schmitt B (2003). Building strong brands in Asia: selecting the visual components of image to maximize brand strength. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 20: 297-313.
[7] Hong SK, Song IJ, Wu J (2007). Feng shui theory in urban landscape planning. Urban Ecosystem, 10(3): 221-236.
[8] Mak MY, Ng ST (2005). The art and science of Feng shui: a study on architects perception. Building and Environment, 40(3): 427-434.
[9] Mansouri Daneshvar MR, Bagherzadeh A, Tavousi T (2013). Assessment of Bioclimatic Comfort Conditions based on Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) using the RayMan Model in Iran. Central European Journal of Geosciences, 5(1): 53-60.
[10] Musacchio LR (2009). The scientific basis for the design of landscape sustainability: A conceptual framework for translational landscape research and practice of designed landscapes and the six Es of landscape sustainability. Landscape Ecology, 24(8): 993-1013.
[11] Naveh Z (2007). Landscape ecology and sustainability. Landscape Ecology, 22(10): 1437-1440.
[12] Skinner S (1989). The living earth manual of Feng-shui: Chinese geomancy. Arkana, London.
[13] Whang BC, Lee MW (2006) Landscape ecology planning principles in Korean Feng-shui, Bi-bo woodlands and ponds. Landscape and Ecological Engineering, 2(2): 147-162.
[14] Xu P (1990). Feng shui: a model for landscape analysis. PhD Thesis, Harvard University.
[15] Yuan J, Liu J (2009). Fengshui forest management by the Buyi ethnic minority in China. Forest Ecology and Management, 257(10): 2002–2009.
[16] Zonneveld IS (1989). The land unit A fundamental concept in landscape ecology, and its applications. Landscape Ecology, 3(2): 67-86.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mohammad Reza Mansouri Daneshvar, Sarah Khosravi, Somayeh Rezayi. (2013). Ecological Evaluation of Landscape Using Feng-Shui Theory at Shandiz Urban Region, NE Iran. International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy, 1(2), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mohammad Reza Mansouri Daneshvar; Sarah Khosravi; Somayeh Rezayi. Ecological Evaluation of Landscape Using Feng-Shui Theory at Shandiz Urban Region, NE Iran. Int. J. Environ. Prot. Policy 2013, 1(2), 32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mohammad Reza Mansouri Daneshvar, Sarah Khosravi, Somayeh Rezayi. Ecological Evaluation of Landscape Using Feng-Shui Theory at Shandiz Urban Region, NE Iran. Int J Environ Prot Policy. 2013;1(2):32-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13,
      author = {Mohammad Reza Mansouri Daneshvar and Sarah Khosravi and Somayeh Rezayi},
      title = {Ecological Evaluation of Landscape Using Feng-Shui Theory at Shandiz Urban Region, NE Iran},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy},
      volume = {1},
      number = {2},
      pages = {32-37},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijepp.20130102.13},
      abstract = {Landscape evaluation has an important role in developing and maintaining sustainability on local, regional and global scales. For this purpose different mathematical, empirical and traditional approaches were applied including Feng-shui theory. The basis of this theory refers to the Chinese traditional knowledge, examination and evaluation of the intrinsic energies of people and places. At the present study the site analysis and the landscape evaluation with Feng-shui theory were applied using the shapes and imaginaries of the landforms in the Shandiz urban region, northeast of Iran. The unsustainable development plans along the land use changes in this region has resulted in land degradations and natural hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the traditional or ecological landscape evaluation at the study area. Based on the Feng-shui method we investigated the assigning nine-lattice zones map of the study area to achieve the ecological landscape evaluation. We think this method is a useful fresh traditional method for application in Middle East area. Our results exhibited that the central cave spot and four directions at the study area had spatially adaptation on the Lo-shu tablet in the nine landscape zones. These zones revealed that the new optimal strategies based on Feng-shui variant characteristics which are the brief research outcomes of landscape evaluation.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Ecological Evaluation of Landscape Using Feng-Shui Theory at Shandiz Urban Region, NE Iran
    AU  - Mohammad Reza Mansouri Daneshvar
    AU  - Sarah Khosravi
    AU  - Somayeh Rezayi
    Y1  - 2013/08/20
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Protection and Policy
    SP  - 32
    EP  - 37
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-7536
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijepp.20130102.13
    AB  - Landscape evaluation has an important role in developing and maintaining sustainability on local, regional and global scales. For this purpose different mathematical, empirical and traditional approaches were applied including Feng-shui theory. The basis of this theory refers to the Chinese traditional knowledge, examination and evaluation of the intrinsic energies of people and places. At the present study the site analysis and the landscape evaluation with Feng-shui theory were applied using the shapes and imaginaries of the landforms in the Shandiz urban region, northeast of Iran. The unsustainable development plans along the land use changes in this region has resulted in land degradations and natural hazards. Therefore, it is necessary to explain the traditional or ecological landscape evaluation at the study area. Based on the Feng-shui method we investigated the assigning nine-lattice zones map of the study area to achieve the ecological landscape evaluation. We think this method is a useful fresh traditional method for application in Middle East area. Our results exhibited that the central cave spot and four directions at the study area had spatially adaptation on the Lo-shu tablet in the nine landscape zones. These zones revealed that the new optimal strategies based on Feng-shui variant characteristics which are the brief research outcomes of landscape evaluation.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Physical Geography, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

  • Department of Urban Planning and Design, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

  • Department of Geography and Rural Planning, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

  • Sections