| Peer-Reviewed

Flood Hazard and Risk Area Identification: A Case of Gelana River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia

Received: 3 October 2022     Accepted: 26 December 2022     Published: 6 February 2023
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in the world, claiming more lives and causing more damage to properties than any other natural phenomena. This study specifies flood hazard areas as well as flood risk areas of Gelana River Watershed. It specifically aims to investigate factors that create good conditions for flood hazard, generate flood hazard and risk areas from environmental and socio-economic factors using integration of Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and Geospatial Techniques. The research was conducted using quantitative research approach. Therefore, slope, elevation, soil type, land use land cover (LULC), and drainage density were the environmental factors developed for the generation of flood hazard. In addition, flood hazard, LULC and population data factors were developed to generate flood risk areas of Gelana river watershed. As the result, flood hazard map reveals 64.68, 1769.48, 1345.38, 244.37, 10.73 square kilometers of Gelana river watershed, is subjected to very high, high, moderate, low and very low flood hazardous respectively. It is revealed that 46.52% of the watershed has very high to high flood risk. The rest 47.20%, 6.24%, and 0.05% of the study area has medium, low and very low flood risk respectively. Therefore, the area incorporated under very high and high hazardous and risk areas are located around the Main River and lower course of the watershed.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11
Page(s) 1-14
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Flood, Hazard, Risk, Gelana River Watershed, Flood Hazard and Risk, Southern Region, Vulnerable and Livelihoods

References
[1] EPA, State of Environment Report for Ethiopia. 2003.
[2] UNISDR, ed. Hazard Specific Risk Assessment., ed. N. D. R. Assessment. 2016.
[3] KOVACS, Y., N. DOUSSIN, and M. GAUSSENS, Technical Reports Flood Risk And Cities In Developing Countries. 2017.
[4] Programme-UNDP, U. N. D., ed. Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development. United Nations Development Programme, Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery, New York. 2004.
[5] Tesfaye, A. H., Flood Risk Assessment in Ethiopia. Water Resources and Irrigation Engineering, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia. Civil and Environmental Research, 2018. 10 (1).
[6] Buba, N. F., et al., A Participatory Assessment of the Impact of Flooding in Some Communities in Lokoja, Kogi State, Nigeria. American Journal of Climate Change, 2021 (10): p. 12-31.
[7] Daniel, B., Methods in Flood hazards and risk assessment, in A technical report of World Bank. 2015.
[8] MacEachren, M. A., ed. How Maps Work: Representation, Visualization, and Design. 2012, New York Guilford Publications.
[9] Anueyiagu, V. O., et al., Flood Hazard and Risk Assessment in Imo State Geographic Information System. Global Scientific Journals, 2021. 9 (11).
[10] Yirga, W. K., Flood Hazard and Risk Assessment Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Lower Awash Sub-basin, Ethiopia. Journal of Environment and Earth Science www.iiste.org, 2016. 6 (9).
[11] Machault, V., et al., eds. The use of remotely sensed environmental data in the study of malaria. Geospatial Health. Vol. 5. 2011.
[12] Morgan, P. R., Soil Erosion and Conservation. 1995.
[13] Wischmeier, H. W., B. C. Johnson, and V. B. Cross, A soil erodability monograph for farmland and construction sites. Journal of soil and water conservation, 1971. 26 (189-193).
[14] Yamamoto, T. and W. Anderson, Splash erosion related to soil erodability indices and other forest soil properties in Hawaii. Water Resource Research, 1973.
[15] Juo, R. S. A. and K. Franzluebbers, Tropical soils: Properties and Management for sustainable Agriculture. 2003.
[16] Pareta, K., Hydro-Geomorphology of Sagar District (M. P.): A Study through Remote Sensing Technique, Proceeding in XIX M. P. Young Scientist Congress, Madhya Pradesh Council of Science & Technology (MAPCOST), Bhopal, 2004.
[17] Alemayehu, Z., Modeling of Flood hazard management for forecasting and emergency response of ‘Koka’ area within Awash River basin using remote sensing and GIS method. Unpublished Msc Thesis, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia, 2007.
[18] Ajin, S. R., et al., Flood hazard assessment of Vamanapuram River Basin, Kerala, India: An approach using Remote Sensing & GIS techniques. Journal of Advanced Applied Science &Research, 2013. 4 (3).
[19] Deepak, S., R. Gopika, and G. P. Jairaj, Geospatial approach for assessment of vulnerability to flood in local self-governments. Geo-environmental Disasters, 2020.
[20] Saaty, T. L., “A Scaling Method for Priorities in Hierarchical Structures” Journal of Math. Psychology, 1977. 15.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Wendafiraw Abdisa Gemmechis, Daba Biru Leta, Hindesa Danisa Bunda. (2023). Flood Hazard and Risk Area Identification: A Case of Gelana River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 11(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Wendafiraw Abdisa Gemmechis; Daba Biru Leta; Hindesa Danisa Bunda. Flood Hazard and Risk Area Identification: A Case of Gelana River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2023, 11(1), 1-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Wendafiraw Abdisa Gemmechis, Daba Biru Leta, Hindesa Danisa Bunda. Flood Hazard and Risk Area Identification: A Case of Gelana River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2023;11(1):1-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11,
      author = {Wendafiraw Abdisa Gemmechis and Daba Biru Leta and Hindesa Danisa Bunda},
      title = {Flood Hazard and Risk Area Identification: A Case of Gelana River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {11},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-14},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20231101.11},
      abstract = {Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in the world, claiming more lives and causing more damage to properties than any other natural phenomena. This study specifies flood hazard areas as well as flood risk areas of Gelana River Watershed. It specifically aims to investigate factors that create good conditions for flood hazard, generate flood hazard and risk areas from environmental and socio-economic factors using integration of Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and Geospatial Techniques. The research was conducted using quantitative research approach. Therefore, slope, elevation, soil type, land use land cover (LULC), and drainage density were the environmental factors developed for the generation of flood hazard. In addition, flood hazard, LULC and population data factors were developed to generate flood risk areas of Gelana river watershed. As the result, flood hazard map reveals 64.68, 1769.48, 1345.38, 244.37, 10.73 square kilometers of Gelana river watershed, is subjected to very high, high, moderate, low and very low flood hazardous respectively. It is revealed that 46.52% of the watershed has very high to high flood risk. The rest 47.20%, 6.24%, and 0.05% of the study area has medium, low and very low flood risk respectively. Therefore, the area incorporated under very high and high hazardous and risk areas are located around the Main River and lower course of the watershed.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Flood Hazard and Risk Area Identification: A Case of Gelana River Watershed, Southern Ethiopia
    AU  - Wendafiraw Abdisa Gemmechis
    AU  - Daba Biru Leta
    AU  - Hindesa Danisa Bunda
    Y1  - 2023/02/06
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 14
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7667
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20231101.11
    AB  - Floods are among the most devastating natural disasters in the world, claiming more lives and causing more damage to properties than any other natural phenomena. This study specifies flood hazard areas as well as flood risk areas of Gelana River Watershed. It specifically aims to investigate factors that create good conditions for flood hazard, generate flood hazard and risk areas from environmental and socio-economic factors using integration of Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) and Geospatial Techniques. The research was conducted using quantitative research approach. Therefore, slope, elevation, soil type, land use land cover (LULC), and drainage density were the environmental factors developed for the generation of flood hazard. In addition, flood hazard, LULC and population data factors were developed to generate flood risk areas of Gelana river watershed. As the result, flood hazard map reveals 64.68, 1769.48, 1345.38, 244.37, 10.73 square kilometers of Gelana river watershed, is subjected to very high, high, moderate, low and very low flood hazardous respectively. It is revealed that 46.52% of the watershed has very high to high flood risk. The rest 47.20%, 6.24%, and 0.05% of the study area has medium, low and very low flood risk respectively. Therefore, the area incorporated under very high and high hazardous and risk areas are located around the Main River and lower course of the watershed.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Social Science and Humanities, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia

  • Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Social Science and Humanities, Bule Hora University, Bule Hora, Ethiopia

  • West Guji Zone Busa Gonofa Office, Bule Hora, Ethiopia

  • Sections