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Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan

Received: 17 November 2016     Accepted: 30 November 2016     Published: 24 April 2017
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Abstract

This study was carried out for determination of Aerosol particulate matter (PM10), trace gases (SO2, NO2, CO) and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd) in the atmospheric air of Karachi city. Sampling has been done at thirteen locations between during the year of 2014. The total average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 were 65.9, 98.7, 1.49 and 202.14μg m–3, respectively. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the trace metal concentrations in the PM10 size fraction. The total average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu and Ni in PM10 were 0.09, 2.55, 2.23, 1.92, 2.15 and 1.44μg m–3 respectively. The Pb concentration in Karachi shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Karachi are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India) cities.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
Page(s) 73-82
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Air Pollution, Trace Gases, Particulate Matter, Heavy Metals

References
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  • APA Style

    Durdana Rais Hashmi, Akhtar Shareef, Razia Begum. (2017). Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 5(3), 73-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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    ACS Style

    Durdana Rais Hashmi; Akhtar Shareef; Razia Begum. Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2017, 5(3), 73-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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    AMA Style

    Durdana Rais Hashmi, Akhtar Shareef, Razia Begum. Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2017;5(3):73-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12,
      author = {Durdana Rais Hashmi and Akhtar Shareef and Razia Begum},
      title = {Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {5},
      number = {3},
      pages = {73-82},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20170503.12},
      abstract = {This study was carried out for determination of Aerosol particulate matter (PM10), trace gases (SO2, NO2, CO) and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd) in the atmospheric air of Karachi city. Sampling has been done at thirteen locations between during the year of 2014. The total average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 were 65.9, 98.7, 1.49 and 202.14μg m–3, respectively. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the trace metal concentrations in the PM10 size fraction. The total average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu and Ni in PM10 were 0.09, 2.55, 2.23, 1.92, 2.15 and 1.44μg m–3 respectively. The Pb concentration in Karachi shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Karachi are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India) cities.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Characteristics of Atmospheric Trace Gases, Particulate Matter and Heavy Metal Pollution in Karachi, Pakistan
    AU  - Durdana Rais Hashmi
    AU  - Akhtar Shareef
    AU  - Razia Begum
    Y1  - 2017/04/24
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
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    EP  - 82
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20170503.12
    AB  - This study was carried out for determination of Aerosol particulate matter (PM10), trace gases (SO2, NO2, CO) and heavy metals (Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, Ni and Cd) in the atmospheric air of Karachi city. Sampling has been done at thirteen locations between during the year of 2014. The total average concentrations of SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 were 65.9, 98.7, 1.49 and 202.14μg m–3, respectively. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to determine the trace metal concentrations in the PM10 size fraction. The total average concentrations of Cd, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu and Ni in PM10 were 0.09, 2.55, 2.23, 1.92, 2.15 and 1.44μg m–3 respectively. The Pb concentration in Karachi shows a decreasing tendency, presumably due to the ban on the use of leaded fuel. The overall trace metal concentrations in Karachi are higher than those in European (e.g., Spain, Norway) and East Asian (e.g., Taiwan) locations, but lower than those measured in Southeast Asian (Kanpur, Delhi, Mumbai, India) cities.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Centre for Environmental Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan

  • Centre for Environmental Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan

  • Centre for Environmental Studies, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Laboratories Complex, Karachi, Pakistan

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