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Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria

Received: 30 October 2015     Accepted: 6 November 2015     Published: 7 December 2015
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Abstract

Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from vehicles and combustion processes in motor parks predisposes to adverse health outcomes and associated health risks. There is dearth of studies and data on air quality in motor parks in Nigeria, hence, the need to assess the levels of CO and CO2 and their relationship with meteorological parameters in three major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted for this study. Akinyele Motor Park (AMP) in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Iwo Road Motor Park (IMP) in Ibadan North East LGA and New Garage Motor Park (NMP) in Ibadan South West LGA were purposively selected and levels of CO and CO2 were monitored for 2 months with appropriate gas meters, meteorological parameters were also monitored using Ventus W155 wireless weather station. Values obtained were compared with WHO and ASHRAE guideline limits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p=0.05. CO concentrations (ppm) for AMP, IMP and NMP ranged from 2.0-106.0, 2.0 – 83.0 and 2.0 – 90.0 respectively while the mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were 395.4 ± 30.5, 356.3 ± 57.1 and 388.1 ± 42.1 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CO and CO2 (r=0.258, p=0.000) and also with four meteorological parameters; temperature (r=0.164), rainfall (r= 0.105), heat index (r= 0.134) and dew point (r= 0.127) (p<0.05). A positive correlation was also found between CO2 and four meteorological parameters; temperature (r= 0.276, p=0.000), rainfall (r=0.125), heat index (r= 0.232, p=0.003) and dew point (r=0.028). For the three motor parks, CO concentrations (ppm) were 80% higher than WHO guideline of 9 ppm for 8 hour monitoring. Mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were within ASHRAE guideline limit of 400 ppm. The study showed that meteorology has influence on CO and CO2 concentrations and motor park users are exposed to high levels of CO. Routine monitoring of CO and CO2 is recommended in order to ensure these emissions do not exceed guideline limits.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
Page(s) 411-419
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vehicles, Emissions, Meteorology, Motor Parks, Routine Monitoring

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  • APA Style

    Godson Rowland Ana, Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. (2015). Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(6), 411-419. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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    Godson Rowland Ana; Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(6), 411-419. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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    AMA Style

    Godson Rowland Ana, Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye. Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(6):411-419. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15,
      author = {Godson Rowland Ana and Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye},
      title = {Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {3},
      number = {6},
      pages = {411-419},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150306.15},
      abstract = {Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from vehicles and combustion processes in motor parks predisposes to adverse health outcomes and associated health risks. There is dearth of studies and data on air quality in motor parks in Nigeria, hence, the need to assess the levels of CO and CO2 and their relationship with meteorological parameters in three major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted for this study. Akinyele Motor Park (AMP) in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Iwo Road Motor Park (IMP) in Ibadan North East LGA and New Garage Motor Park (NMP) in Ibadan South West LGA were purposively selected and levels of CO and CO2 were monitored for 2 months with appropriate gas meters, meteorological parameters were also monitored using Ventus W155 wireless weather station. Values obtained were compared with WHO and ASHRAE guideline limits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p=0.05. CO concentrations (ppm) for AMP, IMP and NMP ranged from 2.0-106.0, 2.0 – 83.0 and 2.0 – 90.0 respectively while the mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were 395.4 ± 30.5, 356.3 ± 57.1 and 388.1 ± 42.1 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CO and CO2 (r=0.258, p=0.000) and also with four meteorological parameters; temperature (r=0.164), rainfall (r= 0.105), heat index (r= 0.134) and dew point (r= 0.127) (p2 and four meteorological parameters; temperature (r= 0.276, p=0.000), rainfall (r=0.125), heat index (r= 0.232, p=0.003) and dew point (r=0.028). For the three motor parks, CO concentrations (ppm) were 80% higher than WHO guideline of 9 ppm for 8 hour monitoring. Mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were within ASHRAE guideline limit of 400 ppm. The study showed that meteorology has influence on CO and CO2 concentrations and motor park users are exposed to high levels of CO. Routine monitoring of CO and CO2 is recommended in order to ensure these emissions do not exceed guideline limits.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Spatio-Temporal Variations in Carbon Monoxide and Carbon Dioxide Levels in Three Motor Parks in Ibadan, Nigeria
    AU  - Godson Rowland Ana
    AU  - Olusola Olabisi Ogunseye
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
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    EP  - 419
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7667
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150306.15
    AB  - Carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions arising from vehicles and combustion processes in motor parks predisposes to adverse health outcomes and associated health risks. There is dearth of studies and data on air quality in motor parks in Nigeria, hence, the need to assess the levels of CO and CO2 and their relationship with meteorological parameters in three major motor parks in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional comparative design was adopted for this study. Akinyele Motor Park (AMP) in Akinyele Local Government Area (LGA), Iwo Road Motor Park (IMP) in Ibadan North East LGA and New Garage Motor Park (NMP) in Ibadan South West LGA were purposively selected and levels of CO and CO2 were monitored for 2 months with appropriate gas meters, meteorological parameters were also monitored using Ventus W155 wireless weather station. Values obtained were compared with WHO and ASHRAE guideline limits. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis at p=0.05. CO concentrations (ppm) for AMP, IMP and NMP ranged from 2.0-106.0, 2.0 – 83.0 and 2.0 – 90.0 respectively while the mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were 395.4 ± 30.5, 356.3 ± 57.1 and 388.1 ± 42.1 respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between CO and CO2 (r=0.258, p=0.000) and also with four meteorological parameters; temperature (r=0.164), rainfall (r= 0.105), heat index (r= 0.134) and dew point (r= 0.127) (p2 and four meteorological parameters; temperature (r= 0.276, p=0.000), rainfall (r=0.125), heat index (r= 0.232, p=0.003) and dew point (r=0.028). For the three motor parks, CO concentrations (ppm) were 80% higher than WHO guideline of 9 ppm for 8 hour monitoring. Mean CO2 concentrations (ppm) were within ASHRAE guideline limit of 400 ppm. The study showed that meteorology has influence on CO and CO2 concentrations and motor park users are exposed to high levels of CO. Routine monitoring of CO and CO2 is recommended in order to ensure these emissions do not exceed guideline limits.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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