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Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania

Received: 17 October 2015     Accepted: 26 October 2015     Published: 13 November 2015
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Abstract

In view of the spatial hierarchical order of factors influencing farmers’ decision making on climate change adaptation we should note that adaptation occurs at two main levels; farm level that focuses on micro-level analysis of farmer decision making and national, or macro-level factors that are concerned about agricultural production at the national and regional scales. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, in Nachingwea district and toward sustainable management of their agricultural production and livelihood. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the research plan, a total of 250 individual households were randomly selected and interviewed. About 92% of smallholder farmers in the study area indicated climate change is really happening. To smallholder farmers the concept “climate change” was associated with variability in weather conditions such as rainfall inconsistency and unpredictability over years. At the community level the effects of climate change and variability were revealed through food shortages as reported by 52.8% of the respondents, infestation of uncommon pests (53.5%), too much rainfall (43.2%), diminishing rainfall/drought (64.6%) and human diseases (32.5%). The findings of this study have important policy implications for the promotion of climate change adaptation strategies at the farm level in semi‐arid regions, coastal area and elsewhere. To facilitate farmer's investment in long‐term adaptation options, government should ensure that tenure arrangements, even in communal smallholder farming system in the country, are secured.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 3, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20
Page(s) 304-311
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adaptation, Climate Change, Perception, Smallholder Farmers, Nachingwea

References
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[4] Cornish, G. A.(1998),Modern Irrigation Technologies for Smallholders in Developing Countries Intermediate Technology, London, UK.
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[16] Coulibaly, Y. J., Kundhlande, G. Amosi, N., Tall A., Kaur H., and Hansen, J. (2015), What Climate Services do Farmers and Pastoralists Need in Tanzania? Baseline Study for the GFCS Adaptation Program in Africa. CCAFS Working Paper no. 110. CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS). Copenhagen, Denmark. Available online at: www.ccafs.cgiar.org
[17] Taneja, G., Pal B. D., Joshi P. K., Aggarwal P. K. and Tyagi N. K.. (2014), Farmers’ Preferences for Climate-Smart Agriculture: An Assessment in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) Discussion Paper 01337. http://tinyurl.com/odfd7dcAccessed on May, 21st, 2015.
[18] Sakamoto, K. (2003), Social Development, Culture and Participation: Towards Theorizing Endogenous Development in Tanzania; PhD Thesis, Waseda University.
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[21] Harvey, C. A., Rakotobe, Z. L., Rao, N. S., Dave, R., Razafimahatratra, H., R. Hasinandrianina R., Rajaofara, H. and MacKinnon, J. L. (2015), Extreme Vulnerability of Smallholder Farmers to Agricultural Risks and Climate Change in Madagascar, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 369:20130089.
[22] Kangalawe, R.Y.M, Yanda, P.Z. and Sigalla, R.J. (2005). Climatic and Socio-economic Influences on Malaria and Cholera Risks in the Lake Victoria Region of Tanzania, AIACC Working Paper No. 12, available at: http//www.aiaccproject.org
[23] Orindi, V. and Murray, L. (2005), Adapting to Climate Change in East Africa: A Strategic Approach, www.iied.org/pubs/pdf/full/9544IIED.pdf.
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  • APA Style

    Josephat Alexander Saria. (2015). Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 3(5), 304-311. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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    ACS Style

    Josephat Alexander Saria. Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2015, 3(5), 304-311. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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    AMA Style

    Josephat Alexander Saria. Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2015;3(5):304-311. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20,
      author = {Josephat Alexander Saria},
      title = {Incidence of Emerging and Innovative Climate Change Adaptation Practices for Smallholder Farmers' in Nachingwea District, Southern Tanzania},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {304-311},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20150305.20},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20150305.20},
      abstract = {In view of the spatial hierarchical order of factors influencing farmers’ decision making on climate change adaptation we should note that adaptation occurs at two main levels; farm level that focuses on micro-level analysis of farmer decision making and national, or macro-level factors that are concerned about agricultural production at the national and regional scales. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, in Nachingwea district and toward sustainable management of their agricultural production and livelihood. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the research plan, a total of 250 individual households were randomly selected and interviewed. About 92% of smallholder farmers in the study area indicated climate change is really happening. To smallholder farmers the concept “climate change” was associated with variability in weather conditions such as rainfall inconsistency and unpredictability over years. At the community level the effects of climate change and variability were revealed through food shortages as reported by 52.8% of the respondents, infestation of uncommon pests (53.5%), too much rainfall (43.2%), diminishing rainfall/drought (64.6%) and human diseases (32.5%). The findings of this study have important policy implications for the promotion of climate change adaptation strategies at the farm level in semi‐arid regions, coastal area and elsewhere. To facilitate farmer's investment in long‐term adaptation options, government should ensure that tenure arrangements, even in communal smallholder farming system in the country, are secured.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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    AU  - Josephat Alexander Saria
    Y1  - 2015/11/13
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    AB  - In view of the spatial hierarchical order of factors influencing farmers’ decision making on climate change adaptation we should note that adaptation occurs at two main levels; farm level that focuses on micro-level analysis of farmer decision making and national, or macro-level factors that are concerned about agricultural production at the national and regional scales. The purpose of this paper is to understand the factors determining smallholder farmers’ adaptation strategies to climate change, in Nachingwea district and toward sustainable management of their agricultural production and livelihood. Both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data were collected by use of structured questionnaires, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Based on the research plan, a total of 250 individual households were randomly selected and interviewed. About 92% of smallholder farmers in the study area indicated climate change is really happening. To smallholder farmers the concept “climate change” was associated with variability in weather conditions such as rainfall inconsistency and unpredictability over years. At the community level the effects of climate change and variability were revealed through food shortages as reported by 52.8% of the respondents, infestation of uncommon pests (53.5%), too much rainfall (43.2%), diminishing rainfall/drought (64.6%) and human diseases (32.5%). The findings of this study have important policy implications for the promotion of climate change adaptation strategies at the farm level in semi‐arid regions, coastal area and elsewhere. To facilitate farmer's investment in long‐term adaptation options, government should ensure that tenure arrangements, even in communal smallholder farming system in the country, are secured.
    VL  - 3
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Author Information
  • Faculty of Science, Technology and Environmental Studies, the Open University of Tanzania, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

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