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Heavy Metal Concentration Levels in Soil at Lake Geriyo Irrigation Site, Yola, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria

Received: 10 April 2014     Accepted: 22 April 2014     Published: 30 April 2014
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Abstract

The study assessed the physicochemical parameters and mean concentration levels of heavy metals in soil at two selected wastewater receiving sites and control site of Lake Geriyo irrigation project in order to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution due to wastewater irrigation using standard methods. The pH values at the River Benue, Shinko and control site soils were slightly acidic to neutral with mean value of 6.85, 5.75 and 7.0 respectively. Mean electrical conductivity values were 1.08µs/cm, 1.54µs/cm and 1.95µs/cm and organic matter levels are 0.75%, 2.11% and 3.5%. The textural classification of the soils revealed that the soils are predominantly sandy in nature with 56.4%, 55.6% and 50.4% sand, 20%, 16.0% and19% are clay, while 24.0%, 28.4% and 30.0% are silt. The mean concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) recorded in River Benue site soil are 86.89mg/kg, 74.38mg/kg,12.76mg/kg, 15.08mg/kg, 9.83mg/kg, 11.0mg/kg, 7.17mg/kg and 18.73mg/kg. Shinko site recorded concentration levels of 292.7mg/kg, 309.2mg/kg, 130.9mg/kg, 253.8mg/kg, 199.2mg/kg, 158.7mg/kg and 74.43mg/kg respectively, while the control site soil had concentration levels of Fe 58.48mg/kg, Zn 39.44mg/kg, Mn 7.13mg/kg, Cu 9.40mg/kg, Cd 7.62mg/kg, Cr 9.82mg/kg, Pb 6.28mg/kg and Ni 17.62mg/kg. The result showed that the concentrations of heavy metals at River Benue and Shinko site soils are more polluted than the control site soil with Shinko site soil exhibiting high levels of heavy metals concentration. Comparative analysis of this study and International threshold values of heavy metals concentration levels in soil revealed that most of the parameters at Shinko site soil are elevated above the EU, USA and UK Standards. Future study is hereby recommended to focus on the impact of heavy metal concentration on irrigated vegetables as some may find their way into the food chain and cause public health hazards to consumers.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17
Page(s) 106-111
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Wastewater, Heavy Metal, Pollution, Physicochemical, Irrigation

References
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[2] Amusan,A.A, Ige, D.V. and Olawale, R. Characteristics of soils and crop uptake of metals in Municipal waste dumpsites in Nigeria. J. Hum. Ecol. 2005, 17(3) 167 – 171
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[6] Bai, J., Yany, Z., Cui, B., Gao, H., Ding, Q., (2010). Some heavy metals distribution in Wetland soil under different land use types along a typical plateau lake, China Soil Tillage Res. 106, 344 – 348.
[7] Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment CCME (2003). Canadian Soil quality Guidelines for the protection of environmental and human health. Summary of a Protocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil Quality Guidelines. In: Canadian Environmental quality guidelines, Chapter 7, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg.
[8] Debackere M (1983). Environmental Pollution: The animal as a source indicator and Transmitter. In: Veterinary pharmacology and toxicology. 2nd Edition Westport, CT, AVI Publishing Co., Pp: 595 – 608.
[9] Hankard PK, Svndsen C, Wright J, Weinberg C, Fishwick SK, Spurgeon DJ, Weeks JM (2004). Biological assessment of contaminated land using earthworm biomarkers in Support of chemical analysis Sci. Total Environ. 330:9- 20.
[10] Jan, F.A., Ishaq, M., Khan, S., Ihsanullah, I., Ahmad, I., Shakirullah, M., (2010) A Comparative study of human health risks via consumption of food crops grown on Wastewater irrigated soil (Peshawar) and relatively clean water irrigated soil (Lower Dir). J. Hazard. Mat. 179, 612-621.
[11] Kasha, M.D.A., Singh,B.R., Kawai, S., (2006). Mobility and distribution of cadmium, nickel And zinc in contaminated soil profile from Bangladesh. Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst. 77, 187 – 198.
[12] Khan, S., Rehman, S., Khan A.Z., Khan, M.A., Shah, M.T (2010), Soil and vegetable Enrichment with heavy metals from geological sources in Gilgit, northern Pakistan. J. Eco. And Environmental Safety 73: 1820 – 1827.
[13] Kaur, S. and Mehra, P. Assessment of heavy metals in summer and winter sea-sons in River Yamuna segment flowing through Delhi, India. J. Environ. Ecol., 2012, 3(1) 1 - 17
[14] National Population Commission (2006). Nigerian National Census conducted in the year 2006.
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[16] Niu, L., Yang, F., Xu, C., Yang, H., Liu, W. (2013). Status of metal accumulation in Farmland soils across China: From distribution to risk assessment. J. of Environ-mental Pollution 176: 55 – 62.
[17] Oviasogie, P.O. and Omoruyi, E. (2007) Levels of heavy metals and physicochemical Properties of soil in a foam manufacturing industry. J. Chem. Soc. Nig, 32 (1):102 - 106
[18] Osenwata, O.I. (2009). Effects of abattoir effluent on the physical and chemical properties of Soils. Environ. Monit. Assess., 1058 – 1068
[19] Osakwe, S.A. (2013). Assessment of the effects of wood processing industries in selected Parts of Delta State, Nigeria, on the soils and vegetables in their vicinities. JOSRJ. Appl. Chem, 3(3): 22 – 33.
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    Hong, Aliyu Haliru, Law, Puong Ling, Selaman, et al. (2014). Heavy Metal Concentration Levels in Soil at Lake Geriyo Irrigation Site, Yola, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 2(2), 106-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17

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    ACS Style

    Hong; Aliyu Haliru; Law; Puong Ling; Selaman, et al. Heavy Metal Concentration Levels in Soil at Lake Geriyo Irrigation Site, Yola, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2014, 2(2), 106-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17

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    AMA Style

    Hong, Aliyu Haliru, Law, Puong Ling, Selaman, et al. Heavy Metal Concentration Levels in Soil at Lake Geriyo Irrigation Site, Yola, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2014;2(2):106-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17,
      author = {Hong and Aliyu Haliru and Law and Puong Ling and Selaman and Onni Suhaiza},
      title = {Heavy Metal Concentration Levels in Soil at Lake Geriyo Irrigation Site, Yola, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {106-111},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20140202.17},
      abstract = {The study assessed the physicochemical parameters and mean concentration levels of heavy metals in soil at two selected wastewater receiving sites and control site of Lake Geriyo irrigation project in order to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution due to wastewater irrigation using standard methods. The pH values at the River Benue, Shinko and control site soils were slightly acidic to neutral with mean value of 6.85, 5.75 and 7.0 respectively. Mean electrical conductivity values were 1.08µs/cm, 1.54µs/cm and 1.95µs/cm and organic matter levels are 0.75%, 2.11% and 3.5%. The textural classification of the soils revealed that the soils are predominantly sandy in nature with 56.4%, 55.6% and 50.4% sand, 20%, 16.0% and19%  are clay, while 24.0%, 28.4% and 30.0% are silt. The mean concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) recorded in River Benue site soil are 86.89mg/kg, 74.38mg/kg,12.76mg/kg, 15.08mg/kg, 9.83mg/kg, 11.0mg/kg, 7.17mg/kg and 18.73mg/kg. Shinko site recorded concentration levels of 292.7mg/kg, 309.2mg/kg, 130.9mg/kg, 253.8mg/kg, 199.2mg/kg, 158.7mg/kg and 74.43mg/kg respectively, while the control site soil had concentration levels of Fe 58.48mg/kg, Zn 39.44mg/kg, Mn 7.13mg/kg, Cu 9.40mg/kg, Cd 7.62mg/kg, Cr 9.82mg/kg, Pb 6.28mg/kg and Ni 17.62mg/kg. The result showed that the concentrations of heavy metals at River Benue and Shinko site soils are more polluted than the control site soil with Shinko site soil exhibiting high levels of heavy metals concentration. Comparative analysis of this study and International threshold values of heavy metals concentration levels in soil revealed that most of the parameters at Shinko site soil are elevated above the EU, USA and UK Standards. Future study is hereby recommended to focus on the impact of heavy metal concentration on irrigated vegetables as some may find their way into the food chain and cause public health hazards to consumers.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Heavy Metal Concentration Levels in Soil at Lake Geriyo Irrigation Site, Yola, Adamawa State, North Eastern Nigeria
    AU  - Hong
    AU  - Aliyu Haliru
    AU  - Law
    AU  - Puong Ling
    AU  - Selaman
    AU  - Onni Suhaiza
    Y1  - 2014/04/30
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17
    T2  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    SP  - 106
    EP  - 111
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7667
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20140202.17
    AB  - The study assessed the physicochemical parameters and mean concentration levels of heavy metals in soil at two selected wastewater receiving sites and control site of Lake Geriyo irrigation project in order to determine the extent of heavy metal pollution due to wastewater irrigation using standard methods. The pH values at the River Benue, Shinko and control site soils were slightly acidic to neutral with mean value of 6.85, 5.75 and 7.0 respectively. Mean electrical conductivity values were 1.08µs/cm, 1.54µs/cm and 1.95µs/cm and organic matter levels are 0.75%, 2.11% and 3.5%. The textural classification of the soils revealed that the soils are predominantly sandy in nature with 56.4%, 55.6% and 50.4% sand, 20%, 16.0% and19%  are clay, while 24.0%, 28.4% and 30.0% are silt. The mean concentrations of heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni) recorded in River Benue site soil are 86.89mg/kg, 74.38mg/kg,12.76mg/kg, 15.08mg/kg, 9.83mg/kg, 11.0mg/kg, 7.17mg/kg and 18.73mg/kg. Shinko site recorded concentration levels of 292.7mg/kg, 309.2mg/kg, 130.9mg/kg, 253.8mg/kg, 199.2mg/kg, 158.7mg/kg and 74.43mg/kg respectively, while the control site soil had concentration levels of Fe 58.48mg/kg, Zn 39.44mg/kg, Mn 7.13mg/kg, Cu 9.40mg/kg, Cd 7.62mg/kg, Cr 9.82mg/kg, Pb 6.28mg/kg and Ni 17.62mg/kg. The result showed that the concentrations of heavy metals at River Benue and Shinko site soils are more polluted than the control site soil with Shinko site soil exhibiting high levels of heavy metals concentration. Comparative analysis of this study and International threshold values of heavy metals concentration levels in soil revealed that most of the parameters at Shinko site soil are elevated above the EU, USA and UK Standards. Future study is hereby recommended to focus on the impact of heavy metal concentration on irrigated vegetables as some may find their way into the food chain and cause public health hazards to consumers.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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