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Inhalable Particulate Matter Burden in Selected Day-Care Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria

Received: 14 October 2013     Published: 20 November 2013
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Abstract

The indoor air quality in day-care centres may influence the occurrence of infectious diseases and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and other international agencies have considered particulate matter as an indicator of impact of air pollution on human health yet information on this from childcare centres is poorly documented in developing countries. This study therefore was designed to assess the particulate matter concentration (PM₁₀) in selected day-care centres (DCCs) in Ibadan, South western Nigeria. The study was descriptive cross sectional. PM10 load was determined 3 days a week for 16 weeks spanning the late wet season and early dry season periods from 10 locations of the selected DCCs using a digital PM counter model Met one. The ratio of indoor/outdoor PM₁₀was computed. Results obtained throughout the monitoring period for all the locations were averaged and compared with WHO PM₁₀ guideline limit of 50μg/m³.Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 5% level of significance. Mean indoor PM₁₀ readings for wet season (73.4 ± 54.4μg/m³) and dry season (296.3 ± 61.6μg/m³)significantly exceeded guideline limit (P<0.05).The indoor/outdoor PM₁₀ ratio was 1.38 ± 0.97 and being greater than 1 indicated a possible indoor source of pollution. High particulate matter concentration observed is indicative of the poor indoor air quality condition in the day care centres. Government policies on routine air quality monitoring and stringent enforcement of environmental sanitation in day care centres are advocated.

Published in International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis (Volume 1, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.14
Page(s) 296-301
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Day Care Centres, Indoor Air Quality, Particulate Matter, Seasonal Variation

References
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[4] Canadian Partnership for Children’s Health and Environment (CPCHE) - Advancing Environmental Health in Child Care Settings. A Checklist for Child Care Practitioners and Public Health Inspectors, 2010.
[5] A. Manandhar, S.C. Lee, K.F. Ho, W.T. Hung, G.R. Joshi. etc. Identification of Indoor and Outdoor Particulate Concentration and its Chemical Composition in Kathmandu Valley, 2010
[6] N.A.Abdullah, H.S. Siti , Y.Y. Toh, H.S. Afizal . Maznorizan Mohamad The Study of Seasonal Variation of PM10 Concentration in Peninsular, Sabah and Sarawak Published online September 2011
[7] N. Pudpong, R.Krassi, K.Nipapun. Indoor Concentrations of PM10 and Factors Influencing Its Concentrations in Day Care Centres in Bangkok, Thailand Asia Journal of Public Health Journal homepage: http://www.ASIAPH.org January – April 2011 Vol.2 No. 1
[8] C. Penard-Morand, D.Charpin, C.Raherison. Long-term exposure to background air pollution related to respiratory and allergic health in schoolchildren. ClinExp Allergy 2005; 35:1279-1287.
[9] D.W. Dockery ,C.A. Pope ,X. Xu , J.D. Spengler , J.H. Ware, M.E. Fay , B.G. Ferris Jr, F.E. Speizer. An association between air pollution and mortality in six U.S. cities. N Engl J Med. 1993; 9; 329(24):1753-9.
[10] J.M Peters, E.Avol, W.Navidi , S.J. London , W.J.Gauderman , F.Lurmann , W.S. Linn H. Margolis,E.Rappaport ,H. Gong, D.C. Thomas. A study of twelve Southern California communities with differing levels and types of air pollution. I. Prevalence of respiratory morbidity. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 1999; 159 (3): 760-7.
[11] J. Schwartz, L.M. Neas. Fine particles are more strongly associated than coarse particles with acute respiratory health effects in schoolchildren. Epidemiology. 2000; 11(1):6-10.
[12] A. Le Tertre , S. Medina , E.Samoli , B. Forsberg ,P.Michelozzi , A.Boumghar , J.MVonk , A. Bellini , R. Atkinson , J.G. Ayres , J. Sunyer , J. Schwartz , K.Katsouyanni . Short-term effects of particulate air pollution on cardiovascular diseases in eight European cities.J Epidemiol Community Health. 2002; 56(10):773-9
[13] L. Partti-Pellinen, O. Martilla, A.Ahonen, O.Suominen, T.Haahtela. Penetration of nitrogen oxides and particles from outdoor into indoor air and removal of the pollutants through filtration of incoming air. Indoor Air 2000; 10 (2): 126-32.
[14] L. Laquatra , L.E. Maxwell and M. Pierce M. INDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS, LIMITED RESOURCE HOUSEHOLDS AND CHILDCARE FACILITIES Department of Design and Environmental Analysis, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Proceedings: Indoor Air 2002
[15] P. Kulshreshtha, K.Mukesh. Indoor exploratory analysis of gaseous pollutants and respirable particulate matter at residential homes of Delhi, India Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Delhi 110016, India Atmospheric Pollution Research 2 (2011) 337‐350 doi: 10.5094/APR.2011.038
[16] D. D .Massey , A. Kulshrestha, A.Taneja.A Study on Indoor/Outdoor Concentration of Particulate Matter in Rural Residential Houses in India. 2009 Second International Conference on Environmental and Computer Science978-0-7695-3937-9/09 $26.00 © 2009 IEEE. DOI 10.1109/ICECS.2009.45
[17] H.A.Ajimotokan, H.A, Oloyede, L.A, Ismail, M.E Influence of Indoor Environment On Health And Productivity New York Science Journal, 2009, 2(4), ISSN 1554-0200 http://www.sciencepub.net/newyork , sciencepub@gmail.com
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  • APA Style

    Godson R. E. E. Ana, Zainab O. Umar. (2013). Inhalable Particulate Matter Burden in Selected Day-Care Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria. International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis, 1(6), 296-301. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.14

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    ACS Style

    Godson R. E. E. Ana; Zainab O. Umar. Inhalable Particulate Matter Burden in Selected Day-Care Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int. J. Environ. Monit. Anal. 2013, 1(6), 296-301. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.14

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    AMA Style

    Godson R. E. E. Ana, Zainab O. Umar. Inhalable Particulate Matter Burden in Selected Day-Care Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria. Int J Environ Monit Anal. 2013;1(6):296-301. doi: 10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.14,
      author = {Godson R. E. E. Ana and Zainab O. Umar},
      title = {Inhalable Particulate Matter Burden in Selected Day-Care Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis},
      volume = {1},
      number = {6},
      pages = {296-301},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijema.20130106.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijema.20130106.14},
      abstract = {The indoor air quality in day-care centres may influence the occurrence of infectious diseases and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and other international agencies have considered particulate matter as an indicator of impact of air pollution on human health yet information on this from childcare centres is poorly documented in developing countries. This study therefore was designed to assess the particulate matter concentration (PM₁₀) in selected day-care centres (DCCs) in Ibadan, South western Nigeria. The study was descriptive cross sectional. PM10 load was determined 3 days a week for 16 weeks spanning the late wet season and early dry season periods from 10 locations of the selected DCCs using a digital PM counter model Met one. The ratio of indoor/outdoor PM₁₀was computed. Results obtained throughout the monitoring period for all the locations were averaged and compared with WHO PM₁₀ guideline limit of 50μg/m³.Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 5% level of significance. Mean indoor PM₁₀ readings for wet season (73.4 ± 54.4μg/m³) and dry season (296.3 ± 61.6μg/m³)significantly exceeded guideline limit (P<0.05).The indoor/outdoor PM₁₀ ratio was 1.38 ± 0.97 and being greater than 1 indicated a possible indoor source of pollution. High particulate matter concentration observed is indicative of the poor indoor air quality condition in the day care centres. Government policies on routine air quality monitoring and stringent enforcement of environmental sanitation in day care centres are advocated.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Inhalable Particulate Matter Burden in Selected Day-Care Centres in Ibadan, Nigeria
    AU  - Godson R. E. E. Ana
    AU  - Zainab O. Umar
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    JF  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
    JO  - International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    AB  - The indoor air quality in day-care centres may influence the occurrence of infectious diseases and increase the risk of non-communicable diseases. The World Health Organisation (WHO) and other international agencies have considered particulate matter as an indicator of impact of air pollution on human health yet information on this from childcare centres is poorly documented in developing countries. This study therefore was designed to assess the particulate matter concentration (PM₁₀) in selected day-care centres (DCCs) in Ibadan, South western Nigeria. The study was descriptive cross sectional. PM10 load was determined 3 days a week for 16 weeks spanning the late wet season and early dry season periods from 10 locations of the selected DCCs using a digital PM counter model Met one. The ratio of indoor/outdoor PM₁₀was computed. Results obtained throughout the monitoring period for all the locations were averaged and compared with WHO PM₁₀ guideline limit of 50μg/m³.Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at 5% level of significance. Mean indoor PM₁₀ readings for wet season (73.4 ± 54.4μg/m³) and dry season (296.3 ± 61.6μg/m³)significantly exceeded guideline limit (P<0.05).The indoor/outdoor PM₁₀ ratio was 1.38 ± 0.97 and being greater than 1 indicated a possible indoor source of pollution. High particulate matter concentration observed is indicative of the poor indoor air quality condition in the day care centres. Government policies on routine air quality monitoring and stringent enforcement of environmental sanitation in day care centres are advocated.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 6
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Author Information
  • Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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