| Peer-Reviewed

Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria

Received: 3 January 2018     Accepted: 31 August 2018     Published: 27 September 2018
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) use, is link to the development of precancerous cervical lesions. There are variations in reports across studied populations. Our study was a comparative, cross-sectional study. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis and P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in the Exposed and Control groups were 16.4% (9/55) and 14.5% (8/55) respectively (P = of 0.79). In the exposed group, four out of the nine women that had abnormal cervical cytology results had high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HGSIL) while only one out of 8 women that had abnormal cytology results in the control group had HGSIL. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions between users and non-users of COCP. However, women who used COCP had higher cases of HGSIL when compared with the control group. Therefore, we suggest relatively short schedule of cervical cytology screening for this group of women relative to the general population.

Published in International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research (Volume 3, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
Page(s) 35-40
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Papanicolaou Smear Test, Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills, Precancerous Cervical Lesions

References
[1] Norma McFarlane-Anderson. Patience E Bazuaye, Maria D Jackson, Monica Smikle and Horace M Fletcher. Cervical dysplasia and cancer and the use of hormonal contraceptives in Jamaican women. BMC Women Health 2008; 8-9.
[2] Onah H.E. Family Planning. In: Ikpeze O(Ed) Fundamentals of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1st Edition. African First Publishers. 2009; 31:305.
[3] Anorlu R.I Tumours of the cervix uteri. In: Akin Agboola(Ed) Textbook of Obstetrics and gynaecology for medical students. 2nd Edition. Heinemann Educational Books Plc.2006; 21:167-70.
[4] Anorlu R.I. Cervical cancer: the Sub-Saharan Perspective. J Reproductive health matters 2008; 16(32):41-9.
[5] IARC Working group on the evaluation on the evaluations of carcinogenic risks to humans on combined oestrogen-progestogen and combined oestrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy. IARC Monogr Eval Carcinog Risk Human Press Lyon (France). 2006; 91:1-528.
[6] Pam VC. Contraception Method Mix and Trend at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos J Med 2014; 8(1):5-9.
[7] Cameron ST, Glasier A. Contraception and Sterilization. In: Edmonds DK(Ed). Dewhurst Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 8th edition Wiley-Blackwell Publishers.2012; 40:495-504.
[8] Vaisy A, Lotfinejad S, Zhian F. Risk of combined oral contraceptive use among Iranian women. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15(14):5517-22.
[9] IA Yakassai, HM Abdullahi, AZ Mohammed and H Galadanci. Prevalence of cervical dysplasia among women in Kano Municipal, Kano state, Nigeria. J Med Trop 2012; 14(1):64-8.
[10] Ayodele Omotoso, Patience Odusola and Martin Nnoli. Abnormal cervical smears in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Sch J App Med Sci 2015; 3(2A):589-94.
[11] Obaseki DE, Nwafor CC. Cervical cancer screening in Benin City, South-South Nigeria. ISOR Journal of dental and Medical sciences (IOSR-JDMS) 2013; 5(1):16-19.
[12] Mohammed Hauwa Inna. Prevalence of Abnormal cervical cytology and knowledge of cervical cancer screening among women attending gynaecologic clinic of General Hospital Minna, Nigeria. Dspace @ my university 2014.
[13] Olusola Aishat Mosuro, Ikeoluwa Ajayi, Akin-Tunde Ademola Odukogbe, Adetunji Oladeni Adeniji, Olayiwola Oluwasola, Effiong Essien Udo Akang et al. Prevalence of cervical dysplasia and associated risk factors among women in a Primary health care Centre clinic in Nigeria. J Basic Clin Reprod Sci 2015; 4(2):70-9.
[14] Duru CB, Oluoha R.U, Uwakwe K.A, Diwe KC, Merenu LA, Iwu CA et al. Pattern of PAP smear test results among Nigerian women attending clinics in a teaching hospital. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 2015; 4(4):986-98.
[15] Daru PH, Pam IC, Musa J, Daniyan MG, Silas OI, Adewole IF et al.. Cervical Epithelial changes in Tertiary Hospital in northern Nigeria. Trop J Obstet Gynaecol 2013; 30(1):109-13.
[16] Bukar M, Mayun AA, Audu BA and Inuwa A. Prevalence of preinvasive lesions of the cervix in Maiduguri, North-Eastern Nigeria. J Niger Med Pract 2009; 55(4)52-5.
[17] Solomon Avidime, Saad A Ahmed, Adekunle Oguntayo, Teni O Abu and James A Ndako. Pattern of Cervical dysplasia among women of reproductive age group in Zaria, Northern Nigeria. J Med Trop 2014; 16:52-5.
[18] Urmila Banik, Pradip Bhattacharjee, Shahab Uddin Ahamad and Zillur Rahman. Pattern of Epithelial cell abnormality in Pap smear: A clinicopathological and demographic correlation. Cyto Journal 2011; 8:8.
[19] Leonard Ogbonna Ajah, Chibuke Ogwuegbu Chigbu, Benjamin Chukwuma Ozumba, Theoplhilus Chimezie Oguanuo and Paul Olisaemeka Ezeonu. Is there any association between hormonal contraceptive and cervical dysplasia in a poor Nigerian setting? Onco Targets Ther 2015; 9: 1887—92.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam, Ajen Stephen Anzaku, Innocent Emmanuel, Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona, Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. (2018). Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research, 3(3), 35-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam; Ajen Stephen Anzaku; Innocent Emmanuel; Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona; Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. Cancer Res. 2018, 3(3), 35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam, Ajen Stephen Anzaku, Innocent Emmanuel, Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona, Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth, et al. Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria. Int J Clin Oncol Cancer Res. 2018;3(3):35-40. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14,
      author = {Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam and Ajen Stephen Anzaku and Innocent Emmanuel and Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona and Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth and Daru Patrick Haruna and Ocheke Ngozi Amaka and Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent},
      title = {Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {35-40},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcocr.20180303.14},
      abstract = {Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) use, is link to the development of precancerous cervical lesions. There are variations in reports across studied populations. Our study was a comparative, cross-sectional study. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis and P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in the Exposed and Control groups were 16.4% (9/55) and 14.5% (8/55) respectively (P = of 0.79). In the exposed group, four out of the nine women that had abnormal cervical cytology results had high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HGSIL) while only one out of 8 women that had abnormal cytology results in the control group had HGSIL. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions between users and non-users of COCP. However, women who used COCP had higher cases of HGSIL when compared with the control group. Therefore, we suggest relatively short schedule of cervical cytology screening for this group of women relative to the general population.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparative Study of Precancerous Lesions of the Uterine Cervix Among Users and Non-Users of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills in Jos, Nigeria
    AU  - Yakubu Emmanuel Nyam
    AU  - Ajen Stephen Anzaku
    AU  - Innocent Emmanuel
    AU  - Isikhuemen Ehikoya Maradona
    AU  - Ekwedigwe Chinedu Kenneth
    AU  - Daru Patrick Haruna
    AU  - Ocheke Ngozi Amaka
    AU  - Ujah Achanya Otobo Innocent
    Y1  - 2018/09/27
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
    SP  - 35
    EP  - 40
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9511
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180303.14
    AB  - Combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) use, is link to the development of precancerous cervical lesions. There are variations in reports across studied populations. Our study was a comparative, cross-sectional study. SPSS version 20 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for data analysis and P-Value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in the Exposed and Control groups were 16.4% (9/55) and 14.5% (8/55) respectively (P = of 0.79). In the exposed group, four out of the nine women that had abnormal cervical cytology results had high grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HGSIL) while only one out of 8 women that had abnormal cytology results in the control group had HGSIL. We found no significant difference in the prevalence of pre-cancerous cervical lesions between users and non-users of COCP. However, women who used COCP had higher cases of HGSIL when compared with the control group. Therefore, we suggest relatively short schedule of cervical cytology screening for this group of women relative to the general population.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bingham University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Histopathology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria

  • National Obstetric Fistula Centre, Abakaliki, Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria

  • Sections