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Disinfectant Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 and Surrogates Using Cell Culture and RT-PCR

Received: 27 August 2021     Accepted: 24 September 2021     Published: 21 October 2021
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Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the global COVID-19 pandemic. Limited studies have been performed on various types of disinfectants utilized to control the spread of this highly contagious virus. This study aimed to investigate the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus, hCoV-229E using an in vitro to test the anti-infectivity activity of the humidifier buffers (A and B, LumichemTM). A real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was used to evaluate the effectiveness of these disinfectants on the degradation of viral RNA in a time dependent manner. The effects of disinfectants on viral infectivity were determined using a tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay of a surrogate virus, hCoV-229E, in MRC-5 cell culture. The results demonstrated that the LumichemTM buffers A and B had a 2 to 3-log10 reduction inactivation using cell culture after a short exposure compared to the control, indicating the disinfection efficacy of the tested anti-infectivity compounds. The LumichemTM buffers A and B in addition did not affect the viral genomic RNA of a surrogate virus, hCoV-229E, thus representing an additional benefit with a negligible impact to operators and those in close contact when providing in-situ operational cleaning.

Published in International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijbse.20210904.11
Page(s) 78-82
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus, COVID-19, Virus Inactivation, Buffers, RT-PCR

References
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[2] Hirose R, Ikegaya H, Naito Y et al.: Survival of SARS-CoV-2 and influenza virus on the human skin: Importance of hand hygiene in COVID-19. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2020).
[3] Chan KH, Sridhar S, Zhang RR et al.: Factors affecting stability and infectivity of SARS-CoV-2. J. Hosp. Infect. 106 (2), 226-231 (2020).
[4] Kampf G, Todt D, Pfaender S, Steinmann E: Persistence of coronaviruses on inanimate surfaces and their inactivation with biocidal agents. J. Hosp. Infect. 104 (3), 246-251 (2020).
[5] Hirose R, Ikegaya H, Naito Y et al.: Reply to Gracely. Clin. Infect. Dis. (2021).
[6] Mukherjee S, Vincent CK, Jayasekera HW, Yekhe AS: Antiviral efficacy of personal care formulations against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Infect. Dis. Health. 26 (1), 63-66 (2021).
[7] Leslie RA, Zhou SS, Macinga DR: Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 by commercially available alcohol-based hand sanitizers. Am. J. Infect. Control 49 (3), 401-402 (2021).
[8] Kratzel A, Todt D, V'kovski P et al.: Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by WHO-Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 26 (7), 1592-1595 (2020).
[9] Chen Z, Boon SS, Wang MH, Chan RWY, Chan PKS: Genomic and evolutionary comparison between SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses. J. Virol. Methods 289, 114032 (2021).
[10] Ramakrishnan MA: Determination of 50% endpoint titer using a simple formula. World J. Virol. 5 (2), 85-86 (2016).
[11] Ijaz MK, Whitehead K, Srinivasan V et al.: Microbicidal actives with virucidal efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. Am. J. Infect. Control 48 (8), 972-973 (2020).
[12] Maillard JY, Messager S, Veillon R: Antimicrobial efficacy of biocides tested on skin using an ex-vivo test. J. Hosp. Infect. 40 (4), 313-323 (1998).
[13] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Product Performance Test Guidelines OCSPP 810.2200: Disinfectants for Use on Environmental Surfaces – Guidance for Efficacy Testing. [EPA 712-C-17–004] (2018), https://www.regulations.gov/document?D=EPA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0150-0036.
[14] Vijgen L, Keyaerts E, Moes E, Maes P, Duson G, Van Ranst M: Development of one-step, real-time, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR assays for absolute quantitation of human coronaviruses OC43 and 229E. J. Clin. Microbiol. 43 (11), 5452-5456 (2005).
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sudha Bhavanam, Mathew Diggle, Jiaao Yu, Xiaoli Lilly Pang. (2021). Disinfectant Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 and Surrogates Using Cell Culture and RT-PCR. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 9(4), 78-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20210904.11

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    ACS Style

    Sudha Bhavanam; Mathew Diggle; Jiaao Yu; Xiaoli Lilly Pang. Disinfectant Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 and Surrogates Using Cell Culture and RT-PCR. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 2021, 9(4), 78-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20210904.11

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    AMA Style

    Sudha Bhavanam, Mathew Diggle, Jiaao Yu, Xiaoli Lilly Pang. Disinfectant Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 and Surrogates Using Cell Culture and RT-PCR. Int J Biomed Sci Eng. 2021;9(4):78-82. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20210904.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijbse.20210904.11,
      author = {Sudha Bhavanam and Mathew Diggle and Jiaao Yu and Xiaoli Lilly Pang},
      title = {Disinfectant Effectiveness Against SARS-CoV-2 and Surrogates Using Cell Culture and RT-PCR},
      journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering},
      volume = {9},
      number = {4},
      pages = {78-82},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijbse.20210904.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20210904.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbse.20210904.11},
      abstract = {Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the global COVID-19 pandemic. Limited studies have been performed on various types of disinfectants utilized to control the spread of this highly contagious virus. This study aimed to investigate the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus, hCoV-229E using an in vitro to test the anti-infectivity activity of the humidifier buffers (A and B, LumichemTM). A real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was used to evaluate the effectiveness of these disinfectants on the degradation of viral RNA in a time dependent manner. The effects of disinfectants on viral infectivity were determined using a tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay of a surrogate virus, hCoV-229E, in MRC-5 cell culture. The results demonstrated that the LumichemTM buffers A and B had a 2 to 3-log10 reduction inactivation using cell culture after a short exposure compared to the control, indicating the disinfection efficacy of the tested anti-infectivity compounds. The LumichemTM buffers A and B in addition did not affect the viral genomic RNA of a surrogate virus, hCoV-229E, thus representing an additional benefit with a negligible impact to operators and those in close contact when providing in-situ operational cleaning.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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    AU  - Sudha Bhavanam
    AU  - Mathew Diggle
    AU  - Jiaao Yu
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    T2  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
    JF  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
    JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20210904.11
    AB  - Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes the global COVID-19 pandemic. Limited studies have been performed on various types of disinfectants utilized to control the spread of this highly contagious virus. This study aimed to investigate the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus, hCoV-229E using an in vitro to test the anti-infectivity activity of the humidifier buffers (A and B, LumichemTM). A real-time reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay was used to evaluate the effectiveness of these disinfectants on the degradation of viral RNA in a time dependent manner. The effects of disinfectants on viral infectivity were determined using a tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay of a surrogate virus, hCoV-229E, in MRC-5 cell culture. The results demonstrated that the LumichemTM buffers A and B had a 2 to 3-log10 reduction inactivation using cell culture after a short exposure compared to the control, indicating the disinfection efficacy of the tested anti-infectivity compounds. The LumichemTM buffers A and B in addition did not affect the viral genomic RNA of a surrogate virus, hCoV-229E, thus representing an additional benefit with a negligible impact to operators and those in close contact when providing in-situ operational cleaning.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 4
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Author Information
  • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

  • Public Health Laboratory, Alberta Precision Laboratories, Edmonton, Canada

  • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

  • Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

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