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Application of Molecular Karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review

Received: 26 May 2018     Accepted: 19 June 2018     Published: 12 July 2018
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Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease characterized by the overproduction of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in blood and bone marrow. Integration of genetic findings and clinicopathological information is crucial in establishing the diagnosis, prognosis and determining the therapeutic approach in the management of AML patients. In recent years, the AML classification has evolved from morphology to cytogenetics/molecular genetics-based findings, which is essential in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities and has provided the framework for the diagnosis and risk-stratification in AML. Moreover, with advances in molecular karyotyping such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, various limitations of conventional diagnostic approaches have been overcome. Hence, this review focuses on the insights into molecular karyotyping using CGH and SNP arrays which enable the identification of copy number variations (CNVs) at a higher resolution and facilitate the detection of copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) otherwise undetectable by conventional cytogenetics. Technical hindrances of these methods (e.g. regions of losses, gains, or “undulating waves”) are also discussed in the context of AML.

Published in International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijbse.20180602.11
Page(s) 20-31
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, Copy Number Variants, Genomic Analysis, Microarray

References
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    Angeli Ambayya, Andrew Octavian Sasmita, Jameela Sathar, Kian Meng Chang, Zainina Seman, et al. (2018). Application of Molecular Karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 6(2), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20180602.11

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    Angeli Ambayya; Andrew Octavian Sasmita; Jameela Sathar; Kian Meng Chang; Zainina Seman, et al. Application of Molecular Karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 2018, 6(2), 20-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20180602.11

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    AMA Style

    Angeli Ambayya, Andrew Octavian Sasmita, Jameela Sathar, Kian Meng Chang, Zainina Seman, et al. Application of Molecular Karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review. Int J Biomed Sci Eng. 2018;6(2):20-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20180602.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijbse.20180602.11,
      author = {Angeli Ambayya and Andrew Octavian Sasmita and Jameela Sathar and Kian Meng Chang and Zainina Seman and Sabariah Md Noor and Subramanian Yegappan},
      title = {Application of Molecular Karyotyping in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Review},
      journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering},
      volume = {6},
      number = {2},
      pages = {20-31},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijbse.20180602.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20180602.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbse.20180602.11},
      abstract = {Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease characterized by the overproduction of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in blood and bone marrow. Integration of genetic findings and clinicopathological information is crucial in establishing the diagnosis, prognosis and determining the therapeutic approach in the management of AML patients. In recent years, the AML classification has evolved from morphology to cytogenetics/molecular genetics-based findings, which is essential in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities and has provided the framework for the diagnosis and risk-stratification in AML. Moreover, with advances in molecular karyotyping such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, various limitations of conventional diagnostic approaches have been overcome. Hence, this review focuses on the insights into molecular karyotyping using CGH and SNP arrays which enable the identification of copy number variations (CNVs) at a higher resolution and facilitate the detection of copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) otherwise undetectable by conventional cytogenetics. Technical hindrances of these methods (e.g. regions of losses, gains, or “undulating waves”) are also discussed in the context of AML.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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    AU  - Angeli Ambayya
    AU  - Andrew Octavian Sasmita
    AU  - Jameela Sathar
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    AB  - Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease characterized by the overproduction of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in blood and bone marrow. Integration of genetic findings and clinicopathological information is crucial in establishing the diagnosis, prognosis and determining the therapeutic approach in the management of AML patients. In recent years, the AML classification has evolved from morphology to cytogenetics/molecular genetics-based findings, which is essential in the detection of chromosomal abnormalities and has provided the framework for the diagnosis and risk-stratification in AML. Moreover, with advances in molecular karyotyping such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, various limitations of conventional diagnostic approaches have been overcome. Hence, this review focuses on the insights into molecular karyotyping using CGH and SNP arrays which enable the identification of copy number variations (CNVs) at a higher resolution and facilitate the detection of copy neutral loss of heterozygosity (CN-LOH) otherwise undetectable by conventional cytogenetics. Technical hindrances of these methods (e.g. regions of losses, gains, or “undulating waves”) are also discussed in the context of AML.
    VL  - 6
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Author Information
  • Clinical Hematology Referral Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Clinical Hematology Referral Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Clinical Hematology Referral Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Clinical Hematology Referral Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Department of Pathology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Department of Pathology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

  • Clinical Hematology Referral Laboratory, Hematology Department, Hospital Ampang, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia

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