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Production, Handling, Traditional Processing Practices and Quality of Milk in Kembata Tembaro Zone Milk Shed Area, Southern Ethiopia

Received: 12 March 2020     Accepted: 16 April 2020     Published: 28 June 2020
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Abstract

The study was conducted in Kembata Tembaro zone, kdida Gamela and kachabira woredas, of the southern Regional State with the objectives of: to assess the milk production systems, traditional milk handling and processing practices and determine the compositional and microbiological quality of milk produced at smallholder farmers’ level. A single-visit-multiple-subject formal survey was used to collect data. A total of 150 households (75 from each woreda) were individually interviewed. All respondents reported that they wash hands and milk vessels before milking cows. However, the overall milking hygienic practice followed by the farmers in the area is poor. Ensira is the major container used for milking and storing dairy products in the study area. All the respondents (100%) in Kedida and 93.3 percent in kachebirra use Ensira for milking. With regard to churning, the majority of the respondents (98.7%) in Kedida use Ensira churn while 76.32 percent in Kachebirra use clay pot churn. Terminalia brownie and Acacia spp. are the most frequently used plant species for smoking milk vessels in the study area. The major constraints to milk production in the study area lack of milk collection centers/ lack of market, and poor quality milk products to be the major problems of the traditional milk processing practices. Only two dairy cooperatives were identified in kedida woreda; whereas there is no dairy cooperative in Kachebra woreda. lack of cooling facilities coupled with lack of electric power supply are the major constraints encountered at the dairy cooperatives. The overall mean fat, protein, total solids, ash and solids-not-fat (SNF) contents of local cows’ milk produced in the study area were 4.71, 3.25, 13.47, 0.73 and 8.78 percent, respectively. Whereas, the overall mean fat, protein, total solids, ash and SNF contents of crossbred cows’ milk were 4.14, 3.45, 13.15, 0.70 and 8.96 percent, respectively. The overall mean total bacterial count, coliform count and percent lactic acid of milk produced in the study area were 7.58±0.09 log10 cfu/ml, 4.49±0.11 log10 cfu/ml and 0.23%±0.01, respectively. The overall mean of the predicted probabilities of clot-on-boiling and alcohol tests were 0.23±0.12 and 0.51±0.11, respectively. the microbiological quality of milk produced by individual farmers and by the dairy cooperatives in the study area was poor and this call for scrupulous hygienic measures during production and handling of milk and milk products in the study area.

Published in International Journal of Animal Science and Technology (Volume 4, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijast.20200402.13
Page(s) 33-49
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Kembata Tembro, Milk Processing, Handling, Quality

References
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[2] Getachew Eshete, 2002. An assessment of feed resources, their management and impact on livestock productivity in the Ginchi watershed Area. M. Sc. Thesis. Alemaya University, Alemaya. 172p.
[3] MOA, 1996. (Ministry of Agriculture). Animal and Fishery Resource Main Department. Dairy extension manual. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 122p.
[4] O’Connor, C. B., 1994. Rural Dairy Technology. ILRI training manual No. 1. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 133p.
[5] O’Mahony, F. and J. Peters, 1987. Options for smallholder milk processing in sub-Saharan Africa. International Livestock Center for Africa (ILCA). ILCA bulletin 27. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. pp. 2-17.
[6] Falvey, L. and C. Chantalkhana, 1999. Smallholder Dairying in Tropics. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya. 462p.
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[8] ILCA, 1987. (International Livestock Center for Africa). ILCA Research Report Number 16. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 45p.
[9] Marth, E. H. (ed.), 1978. Standard Methods for the Examinations of Dairy Products. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. 416p.
[10] Richardson, G. H., 1985. Standard Methods for the Examination of Dairy Products. 15th ed. American Public Health Association. Washington, D. C. pp. 168-196.
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[12] Solomon Bogale, 2004. Assessment of livestock production systems and feed resources base in Sinana and Dinsho districts of Bale highlands, southeast Oromia. M. Sc. Thesis. Alemaya University Alemaya. Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. 141p.
[13] Zelalem Yilma and Bernard Faye, 2006. Handling and microbial load of cow’s milk and irgo- fermented milk collected from different shops and producers in central highlands of Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Animal Production. 6 (2)-2006: 67-82.
[14] Alganesh Tola, 2002. Traditional milk and milk products handling practices and raw milk quality in Eastern Wollega. M. Sc. Thesis, Alemaya University. Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. 108p.
[15] Rehrahie Mesfin and Yohannes Gojam, 2000. Effect of supplementing concentrates feeds with different ingredients for local and crossbred cows on major milk constituents. pp. 263-267. In: Proceeding of the 7th Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP). 26-27 May, 1999, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[16] Fekadu Beyene and R. K. Abrahamsen, 1997. Farm made fermented milk cottage type cheese in Southern Ethiopia. Tropical Science, 37: 75-79.
[17] Zewdu Wuletaw, 2004. Indigenous cattle genetic resources, their husbandry practices and breeding objectives in North-western Ethiopia. M. Sc. Thesis. Almaya University of Agriculture, DireDawa, Ethiopia. 127p.
[18] Zinash Sileshi, Seyoum Bediye, B. W. Michalak and Kebede Teshome, 1988. Observation on the fat and protein contents of the milk of crossbred and local cows. pp. 124-126. In: Proceeding of the Second National Improvement Conference, 24-26 February, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
[19] Taye Tolemariam, 1998. Qualities of cow milk and the effect of lactoperoxidase system on preservation of milk at Arsi, Ethiopia. M. Sc. Thesis, Alemaya University of Agriculture, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. 62p.
[20] Bekele Godefay and Bayileyegn Molla, 2000. Bacteriological quality of raw cow’s milk from four dairy farms and a milk collection center in and around Addis Ababa. Berl. Munch Tierarzti. Wschr. 113: 276-278.
[21] Addissu Bitew, 1999. Evaluation of reproductive and growth performance of Fogera cattle and their F1 Friesian crosses at Metekel Ranch, Ethiopia. M. Sc. Thesis. Alemaya University of Agriculture, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia. 84p.
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[24] Azage Tegegne, Tsehay Redda, Alemu Gebre Wold and K. Hizkias, 2001. Milk recording and herd registration in Ethiopia. pp. 90-104. In: Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP). 24-26 August, 2000. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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[26] Berhane Mekete and Workneh Ayalew, 2003. Promotion of dairy marketing using farmer’s cooperatives: Lessons from India. pp. 81-87. In: Proceedings of 10th Annual Conference of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP). August 22-24, 2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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  • APA Style

    Deginet Hailemeskel. (2020). Production, Handling, Traditional Processing Practices and Quality of Milk in Kembata Tembaro Zone Milk Shed Area, Southern Ethiopia. International Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 4(2), 33-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20200402.13

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    ACS Style

    Deginet Hailemeskel. Production, Handling, Traditional Processing Practices and Quality of Milk in Kembata Tembaro Zone Milk Shed Area, Southern Ethiopia. Int. J. Anim. Sci. Technol. 2020, 4(2), 33-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20200402.13

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    AMA Style

    Deginet Hailemeskel. Production, Handling, Traditional Processing Practices and Quality of Milk in Kembata Tembaro Zone Milk Shed Area, Southern Ethiopia. Int J Anim Sci Technol. 2020;4(2):33-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijast.20200402.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijast.20200402.13,
      author = {Deginet Hailemeskel},
      title = {Production, Handling, Traditional Processing Practices and Quality of Milk in Kembata Tembaro Zone Milk Shed Area, Southern Ethiopia},
      journal = {International Journal of Animal Science and Technology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {33-49},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijast.20200402.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijast.20200402.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijast.20200402.13},
      abstract = {The study was conducted in Kembata Tembaro zone, kdida Gamela and kachabira woredas, of the southern Regional State with the objectives of: to assess the milk production systems, traditional milk handling and processing practices and determine the compositional and microbiological quality of milk produced at smallholder farmers’ level. A single-visit-multiple-subject formal survey was used to collect data. A total of 150 households (75 from each woreda) were individually interviewed. All respondents reported that they wash hands and milk vessels before milking cows. However, the overall milking hygienic practice followed by the farmers in the area is poor. Ensira is the major container used for milking and storing dairy products in the study area. All the respondents (100%) in Kedida and 93.3 percent in kachebirra use Ensira for milking. With regard to churning, the majority of the respondents (98.7%) in Kedida use Ensira churn while 76.32 percent in Kachebirra use clay pot churn. Terminalia brownie and Acacia spp. are the most frequently used plant species for smoking milk vessels in the study area. The major constraints to milk production in the study area lack of milk collection centers/ lack of market, and poor quality milk products to be the major problems of the traditional milk processing practices. Only two dairy cooperatives were identified in kedida woreda; whereas there is no dairy cooperative in Kachebra woreda. lack of cooling facilities coupled with lack of electric power supply are the major constraints encountered at the dairy cooperatives. The overall mean fat, protein, total solids, ash and solids-not-fat (SNF) contents of local cows’ milk produced in the study area were 4.71, 3.25, 13.47, 0.73 and 8.78 percent, respectively. Whereas, the overall mean fat, protein, total solids, ash and SNF contents of crossbred cows’ milk were 4.14, 3.45, 13.15, 0.70 and 8.96 percent, respectively. The overall mean total bacterial count, coliform count and percent lactic acid of milk produced in the study area were 7.58±0.09 log10 cfu/ml, 4.49±0.11 log10 cfu/ml and 0.23%±0.01, respectively. The overall mean of the predicted probabilities of clot-on-boiling and alcohol tests were 0.23±0.12 and 0.51±0.11, respectively. the microbiological quality of milk produced by individual farmers and by the dairy cooperatives in the study area was poor and this call for scrupulous hygienic measures during production and handling of milk and milk products in the study area.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    T1  - Production, Handling, Traditional Processing Practices and Quality of Milk in Kembata Tembaro Zone Milk Shed Area, Southern Ethiopia
    AU  - Deginet Hailemeskel
    Y1  - 2020/06/28
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    T2  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    JF  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
    JO  - International Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    AB  - The study was conducted in Kembata Tembaro zone, kdida Gamela and kachabira woredas, of the southern Regional State with the objectives of: to assess the milk production systems, traditional milk handling and processing practices and determine the compositional and microbiological quality of milk produced at smallholder farmers’ level. A single-visit-multiple-subject formal survey was used to collect data. A total of 150 households (75 from each woreda) were individually interviewed. All respondents reported that they wash hands and milk vessels before milking cows. However, the overall milking hygienic practice followed by the farmers in the area is poor. Ensira is the major container used for milking and storing dairy products in the study area. All the respondents (100%) in Kedida and 93.3 percent in kachebirra use Ensira for milking. With regard to churning, the majority of the respondents (98.7%) in Kedida use Ensira churn while 76.32 percent in Kachebirra use clay pot churn. Terminalia brownie and Acacia spp. are the most frequently used plant species for smoking milk vessels in the study area. The major constraints to milk production in the study area lack of milk collection centers/ lack of market, and poor quality milk products to be the major problems of the traditional milk processing practices. Only two dairy cooperatives were identified in kedida woreda; whereas there is no dairy cooperative in Kachebra woreda. lack of cooling facilities coupled with lack of electric power supply are the major constraints encountered at the dairy cooperatives. The overall mean fat, protein, total solids, ash and solids-not-fat (SNF) contents of local cows’ milk produced in the study area were 4.71, 3.25, 13.47, 0.73 and 8.78 percent, respectively. Whereas, the overall mean fat, protein, total solids, ash and SNF contents of crossbred cows’ milk were 4.14, 3.45, 13.15, 0.70 and 8.96 percent, respectively. The overall mean total bacterial count, coliform count and percent lactic acid of milk produced in the study area were 7.58±0.09 log10 cfu/ml, 4.49±0.11 log10 cfu/ml and 0.23%±0.01, respectively. The overall mean of the predicted probabilities of clot-on-boiling and alcohol tests were 0.23±0.12 and 0.51±0.11, respectively. the microbiological quality of milk produced by individual farmers and by the dairy cooperatives in the study area was poor and this call for scrupulous hygienic measures during production and handling of milk and milk products in the study area.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Animal Sciences, Faculty Agricultural Sciences, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia

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