Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State

Bryan Kerman

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14

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Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State

Bryan Kerman^*

Published in International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 24 December 2024 Accepted: 26 January 2025 Published: 21 March 2025

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Abstract

A statistical physical model of the two basic properties of clusters within a hurricane their convectivity and rotation - reveals a relationship for the time evolution of a hurricane. Non-doppler data from NEXRAD surface radar imagery, of Hurricane Irma transiting over Florida, is decomposed into unique clusters based on an annealing process using entropy and energy differences between pixels. Application of the concept of entropic forces between a cluster’s pixels provides an estimate of the radial velocity of each cluster by application of Stokes’ theorem. The ratio of the characteristic rotation and convectivity, associated with radial flow, integrated over the extent of the hurricane, closely tracks the hurricane’s state, providing more time resolution than aircraft sorties alone allow. It is concluded that monitoring the rotational and convective state, in conjunction with the size of a cluster, is capable of quickly providing forecasters and others with changes in a hurricane’s state. It is also shown that entropic tornado state can be similarly described in terms of convectivity and rotation rate.

Published in	International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14
Page(s)	28-43
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Hurricane State, Entropic Force, Convectivity, Rotation

References

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APA Style

Kerman, B. (2025). Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State. International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 9(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14

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ACS Style

Kerman, B. Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State. Int. J. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 2025, 9(1), 28-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14

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AMA Style

Kerman B. Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State. Int J Atmos Oceanic Sci. 2025;9(1):28-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14,
  author = {Bryan Kerman},
  title = {Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State
},
  journal = {International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaos.20250901.14},
  abstract = {A statistical physical model of the two basic properties of clusters within a hurricane their convectivity and rotation - reveals a relationship for the time evolution of a hurricane. Non-doppler data from NEXRAD surface radar imagery, of Hurricane Irma transiting over Florida, is decomposed into unique clusters based on an annealing process using entropy and energy differences between pixels. Application of the concept of entropic forces between a cluster’s pixels provides an estimate of the radial velocity of each cluster by application of Stokes’ theorem. The ratio of the characteristic rotation and convectivity, associated with radial flow, integrated over the extent of the hurricane, closely tracks the hurricane’s state, providing more time resolution than aircraft sorties alone allow. It is concluded that monitoring the rotational and convective state, in conjunction with the size of a cluster, is capable of quickly providing forecasters and others with changes in a hurricane’s state. It is also shown that entropic tornado state can be similarly described in terms of convectivity and rotation rate.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State

AU  - Bryan Kerman
Y1  - 2025/03/21
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14
T2  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
SP  - 28
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1150
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14
AB  - A statistical physical model of the two basic properties of clusters within a hurricane their convectivity and rotation - reveals a relationship for the time evolution of a hurricane. Non-doppler data from NEXRAD surface radar imagery, of Hurricane Irma transiting over Florida, is decomposed into unique clusters based on an annealing process using entropy and energy differences between pixels. Application of the concept of entropic forces between a cluster’s pixels provides an estimate of the radial velocity of each cluster by application of Stokes’ theorem. The ratio of the characteristic rotation and convectivity, associated with radial flow, integrated over the extent of the hurricane, closely tracks the hurricane’s state, providing more time resolution than aircraft sorties alone allow. It is concluded that monitoring the rotational and convective state, in conjunction with the size of a cluster, is capable of quickly providing forecasters and others with changes in a hurricane’s state. It is also shown that entropic tornado state can be similarly described in terms of convectivity and rotation rate.

VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Bryan Kerman

Retired, Port Dover, Ontario, Canada

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APA Style

Kerman, B. (2025). Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State. International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, 9(1), 28-43. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14

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ACS Style

Kerman, B. Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State. Int. J. Atmos. Oceanic Sci. 2025, 9(1), 28-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14

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AMA Style

Kerman B. Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State. Int J Atmos Oceanic Sci. 2025;9(1):28-43. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14,
  author = {Bryan Kerman},
  title = {Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State
},
  journal = {International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {28-43},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaos.20250901.14},
  abstract = {A statistical physical model of the two basic properties of clusters within a hurricane their convectivity and rotation - reveals a relationship for the time evolution of a hurricane. Non-doppler data from NEXRAD surface radar imagery, of Hurricane Irma transiting over Florida, is decomposed into unique clusters based on an annealing process using entropy and energy differences between pixels. Application of the concept of entropic forces between a cluster’s pixels provides an estimate of the radial velocity of each cluster by application of Stokes’ theorem. The ratio of the characteristic rotation and convectivity, associated with radial flow, integrated over the extent of the hurricane, closely tracks the hurricane’s state, providing more time resolution than aircraft sorties alone allow. It is concluded that monitoring the rotational and convective state, in conjunction with the size of a cluster, is capable of quickly providing forecasters and others with changes in a hurricane’s state. It is also shown that entropic tornado state can be similarly described in terms of convectivity and rotation rate.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Connectivity and Rotation of Entropicly Defined Clusters as a Measure of Hurricane and Tornado State

AU  - Bryan Kerman
Y1  - 2025/03/21
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14
T2  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
JF  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
JO  - International Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
SP  - 28
EP  - 43
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-1150
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaos.20250901.14
AB  - A statistical physical model of the two basic properties of clusters within a hurricane their convectivity and rotation - reveals a relationship for the time evolution of a hurricane. Non-doppler data from NEXRAD surface radar imagery, of Hurricane Irma transiting over Florida, is decomposed into unique clusters based on an annealing process using entropy and energy differences between pixels. Application of the concept of entropic forces between a cluster’s pixels provides an estimate of the radial velocity of each cluster by application of Stokes’ theorem. The ratio of the characteristic rotation and convectivity, associated with radial flow, integrated over the extent of the hurricane, closely tracks the hurricane’s state, providing more time resolution than aircraft sorties alone allow. It is concluded that monitoring the rotational and convective state, in conjunction with the size of a cluster, is capable of quickly providing forecasters and others with changes in a hurricane’s state. It is also shown that entropic tornado state can be similarly described in terms of convectivity and rotation rate.

VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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