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Review of Rice Response to Fertilizer Rates and Time of Nitrogen Application in Ethiopia

Received: 2 October 2019     Accepted: 22 October 2019     Published: 12 November 2019
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Abstract

Rice productivity in Ethiopia is estimated at 2.8 t ha-1, which is much lower than the World’s average of 4.4 t ha-1. Weeds, pests, soil nutrient deficiencies and terminal moisture stress are the major causes of low rice productivity in Ethiopia. Poor soil fertility is among the major factors limiting the rice production. Appropriate fertilizer application is an important management practice to improve soil fertility and production of rice. Availability of plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen at various plant growth stages is of crucial importance in rice production. Recommendations on different period of nitrogen fertilizer application were given for various production systems. Traditionally, Diammonium phosphate and urea (supplying nitrogen and phosphorus) were the major fertilizers used by farmers in Ethiopia, creating nutrient imbalances in soils. Therefore, to make the soil well supplied with all the plant nutrients in the readily available form and to maintain good soil health, it is necessary to use organic manures in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers to obtain optimum yields. The integrated use of NP and FYM gave higher yields than application of either NP or FYM alone for many crops production. Different experiments were conducted to tackle rice soil fertility constraints. The major focuses of the experiments include inorganic fertilizers application rates, application times and their integration with organic fertilizers. The review paper summarizes the results of the experiments conducted on rice fertilizer rates and timings of nitrogen applications.

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11
Page(s) 129-137
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rice, Fertilizers, Rates, Nitrogen, Application

References
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[4] Maneesh Bhatt, AP Singh, Veer Singh, DC Kala and Vineet Kumar (2018). Long-term effect of organic and inorganic Fertilizers on soil physico-chemical properties of a silty clay loam soil under rice-wheat cropping system in Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2019; 8 (1): 2113-2118.
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[9] Birhan Abdulkadir, Sofiya Kassa, Temesgen Desalegn, Kassu Tadesse, Mihreteab Haileselassie, Girma Fana and Tolera Abera. Crop response to fertilizer application in Ethiopia: a review. In: Tamene L; Amede T; Kihara J; Tibebe D; Schulz S. (eds.) (2017). A review of soil fertility management and crop response to fertilizer application in Ethiopia: towards development of site- and context-specific fertilizer recommendation. CIAT Publication No. 443. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 86 p. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10568/82996.
[10] Tilahun Tadesse, Minale Liben, Alemayehu Assefa, Belesti Yeshalem and Tesfaye Wossen (2007). Effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers on the yield of rice in Fogera and Metema areas. In: Ermiase A., Akalu T., Alemayehu A., Melaku W., Tadesse D., and Tilahun T. (eds.). Proceedings of the 1st Annual Regional Conference on Completed Crop Research Activities, 14- 17 August 2006. Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute. Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
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[12] Kiros Habtegebrial, Sintayehu Mersha and Solomon Habtu (2013). Nitrogen and sulphur fertilizers effects on yield, nitrogen uptake and nitrogen use efficiency of upland rice variety on irrigated Fulvisols of the Afar region, Ethiopia. Journal of Soil Science and Environmental Management. Vol. 4 (3), pp. 62-70, June 2013 DOI 10.5897/JSSEM13.0389 ISSN 2141-2391 © 2013 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/JSSEM.
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  • APA Style

    Tilahun Tadesse, Zelalem Tadesse. (2019). Review of Rice Response to Fertilizer Rates and Time of Nitrogen Application in Ethiopia. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 5(6), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11

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    ACS Style

    Tilahun Tadesse; Zelalem Tadesse. Review of Rice Response to Fertilizer Rates and Time of Nitrogen Application in Ethiopia. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2019, 5(6), 129-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11

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    AMA Style

    Tilahun Tadesse, Zelalem Tadesse. Review of Rice Response to Fertilizer Rates and Time of Nitrogen Application in Ethiopia. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2019;5(6):129-137. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11,
      author = {Tilahun Tadesse and Zelalem Tadesse},
      title = {Review of Rice Response to Fertilizer Rates and Time of Nitrogen Application in Ethiopia},
      journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
      volume = {5},
      number = {6},
      pages = {129-137},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20190506.11},
      abstract = {Rice productivity in Ethiopia is estimated at 2.8 t ha-1, which is much lower than the World’s average of 4.4 t ha-1. Weeds, pests, soil nutrient deficiencies and terminal moisture stress are the major causes of low rice productivity in Ethiopia. Poor soil fertility is among the major factors limiting the rice production. Appropriate fertilizer application is an important management practice to improve soil fertility and production of rice. Availability of plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen at various plant growth stages is of crucial importance in rice production. Recommendations on different period of nitrogen fertilizer application were given for various production systems. Traditionally, Diammonium phosphate and urea (supplying nitrogen and phosphorus) were the major fertilizers used by farmers in Ethiopia, creating nutrient imbalances in soils. Therefore, to make the soil well supplied with all the plant nutrients in the readily available form and to maintain good soil health, it is necessary to use organic manures in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers to obtain optimum yields. The integrated use of NP and FYM gave higher yields than application of either NP or FYM alone for many crops production. Different experiments were conducted to tackle rice soil fertility constraints. The major focuses of the experiments include inorganic fertilizers application rates, application times and their integration with organic fertilizers. The review paper summarizes the results of the experiments conducted on rice fertilizer rates and timings of nitrogen applications.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    AU  - Tilahun Tadesse
    AU  - Zelalem Tadesse
    Y1  - 2019/11/12
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11
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    T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
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    EP  - 137
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-7885
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190506.11
    AB  - Rice productivity in Ethiopia is estimated at 2.8 t ha-1, which is much lower than the World’s average of 4.4 t ha-1. Weeds, pests, soil nutrient deficiencies and terminal moisture stress are the major causes of low rice productivity in Ethiopia. Poor soil fertility is among the major factors limiting the rice production. Appropriate fertilizer application is an important management practice to improve soil fertility and production of rice. Availability of plant nutrients, particularly nitrogen at various plant growth stages is of crucial importance in rice production. Recommendations on different period of nitrogen fertilizer application were given for various production systems. Traditionally, Diammonium phosphate and urea (supplying nitrogen and phosphorus) were the major fertilizers used by farmers in Ethiopia, creating nutrient imbalances in soils. Therefore, to make the soil well supplied with all the plant nutrients in the readily available form and to maintain good soil health, it is necessary to use organic manures in conjunction with inorganic fertilizers to obtain optimum yields. The integrated use of NP and FYM gave higher yields than application of either NP or FYM alone for many crops production. Different experiments were conducted to tackle rice soil fertility constraints. The major focuses of the experiments include inorganic fertilizers application rates, application times and their integration with organic fertilizers. The review paper summarizes the results of the experiments conducted on rice fertilizer rates and timings of nitrogen applications.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Fogera National Rice Research Center, Woreta, Ethiopia

  • Fogera National Rice Research Center, Woreta, Ethiopia

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