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Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions

Received: 29 November 2018     Accepted: 1 February 2019     Published: 15 May 2019
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Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.

Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
Page(s) 45-49
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biofertilizers, Bacteria, Fungi, Wheat, Yield, Mineral Fertilizers and Financial Cost

References
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    Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza. (2019). Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 5(2), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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    ACS Style

    Hadwan Hamid Ali; Francis Araha Janno; Rafal Esmael Majed; Muntaser Mansor Hamza. Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2019, 5(2), 45-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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    AMA Style

    Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza. Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2019;5(2):45-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13,
      author = {Hadwan Hamid Ali and Francis Araha Janno and Rafal Esmael Majed and Muntaser Mansor Hamza},
      title = {Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions},
      journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {45-49},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20190502.13},
      abstract = {The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions
    AU  - Hadwan Hamid Ali
    AU  - Francis Araha Janno
    AU  - Rafal Esmael Majed
    AU  - Muntaser Mansor Hamza
    Y1  - 2019/05/15
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
    T2  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    SP  - 45
    EP  - 49
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-7885
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
    AB  - The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

  • Directorate of Agr-Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

  • Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

  • Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

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