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Introduction a Unique Archer Soldier Statue Found at Kalmakareh Cave, Lurestan, Iran

Received: 16 August 2013     Published: 20 November 2013
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Abstract

Kalmakareh treasure was discovered in 1989 by a local hunter. the Kalmakareh cave, is about 20 km to the northwest of Pol-e Dokhtar, Lurestan Province. The collection is consisted of different metal objects including vessels, rhytons, animal and human figurines, masks, plaques, adornments and etc. The presence of neo-Elamite scripts on some artifacts makes it unickly easy to date. The names on the scripts indicates a close connection to the cultural horizon of Neo-Elamite period. The inscriptions deciphered by Lambert, Vallat and Bashash alongside with archaeological analysis by the author revealed a new unknown local dynasty in Lurestan, concurrent with neo-Elamite period; which opens a new discussion in investigating archaeological issues and art history of this period in western Iran. Discovered objects are mostly made of silver. It is here aimed to introduce, discuss and investigate one of the particular human statue of the mentioned collection. This small statue, which is now in the museum of Falak-Al Aflak castle, was made by casting method and then decorated by chasing. Here we try to recognize the statue's motives, its comparisons and then we will have som further interpretations. Objects are show a local tradition affected by different exotic issues, especially those of Elam and Assyria.

Published in International Journal of Archaeology (Volume 1, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11
Page(s) 34-39
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Human Statues, Archer Soldier, Kalmakareh Cave, Pol-e Dokhtar, Lurestan, Neo-Elamite

References
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[2] Behzadi, R. 1993, "Assyrians", Chista Journal, No.4,5, year:11, Tehran: Ramin publication. (in persian)
[3] Brunner, C, J. 1974, "Middle Persian Inscription Sasanian silner war", Metropolitan Museum of Art JNL, Vol 9, pp 109-121.
[4] Burney, C.A. and Lang, D. M. 1971, "The people of the hills, Ancient Ararat and Caucasus , London: weidefeld and Nicolson.
[5] Culican, W. 1965, "The Medes and persians", London: Thames & Hudson.
[6] De-backer, F. 2010, "Neo-Assyrian siege redoubts tactics:some Issues", Historiae, No7, pp1-25.
[7] Diakonoff, I. M. [Дьяконов, Игорь Михайлович]. 1956, "History of Media from the Ancient Times to the End of the IV Century B. C. E. [История Мидии от древнейших времен до конца IV в. до н.э.]", Moscow / Leningrad: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences [Москва / Ленинград: Изд-во Академии наук СССР], 485 pp.
[8] Frye, R. N. 1965,"The Heritage of Persia", translated in to Persian by: Masud Rajabian, Tehran: B.T.N.K Publications. (in persian)
[9] Henkelman, W.F.M. 2002, "Defining Neo Elamite History", pp1-17, www.achemenet.com.
[10] Izadpanah, H. 1988, "Laki Culture " ,Jahangiri Institute Press, Tehran. (in persian)
[11] Madhloom, T.A, 1970, The chronology of Neo-Assyrian art, University of London, The Athlone press.
[12] Majidzadeh, Y. 1991,"Arjan Cup’, Iranian Journal of Archaeology and History (Madjalle –ye Bastenshenasi Va Tarikh),No: 8-9, Iran University Press, pp11-26. (in persian)
[13] ----------------, 2000,"History and Civilization of Mesopotamia(Art &Architecture), Vol:3, Tehran: Iran University Press. (in persian)
[14] Maleki, Y, 1961," Situle A scene de banquest",Iranica Antiqua, Vol I , pp23- 41.
[15] Marcus, M,I, 1994."Dressed to kill women and pins in early Iran", the oxford Art Journal, pp 3-15.
[16] Muscarella, O.W, 1980, "The Catalogue of Ivories from Hasanlu,Iran", University museum monograph 40 (Hasanlu special studies), Vol:II, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia press.
[17] Ravasani, SH. 1991, "The great oriental community", Tehran: Amirkabir publication. (in persian)
[18] Read, J. 1976, "Elam and Elamites in Assyrian sculpture", AMI, No 9, PP 96-106.
[19] Roux, G, 1985, "The Ancient Iraq", Penguin Book Ltd.
[20] Talai, H. 1996,"Iranian Art and Arcaeology The first Millennium B.C", Tehran: Samt publication. (in persian)
[21] Wilkinson, C, k, 1960, "More details on ziwiye", Iraq, Vol XVI.
[22] Zutterman, C, 2003,"The bow in the ancient near east, Are-evaluation of Archery from the late 2 Millennium to the end of the achaemenid empire", Iranica Antiqua, Vol XXXVIII, PP 119-165.
[23] ( http://www.britishmuseum.org)
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  • APA Style

    Leila Khosravi. (2013). Introduction a Unique Archer Soldier Statue Found at Kalmakareh Cave, Lurestan, Iran. International Journal of Archaeology, 1(3), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11

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    ACS Style

    Leila Khosravi. Introduction a Unique Archer Soldier Statue Found at Kalmakareh Cave, Lurestan, Iran. Int. J. Archaeol. 2013, 1(3), 34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11

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    AMA Style

    Leila Khosravi. Introduction a Unique Archer Soldier Statue Found at Kalmakareh Cave, Lurestan, Iran. Int J Archaeol. 2013;1(3):34-39. doi: 10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11,
      author = {Leila Khosravi},
      title = {Introduction a Unique Archer Soldier Statue Found at Kalmakareh Cave, Lurestan, Iran},
      journal = {International Journal of Archaeology},
      volume = {1},
      number = {3},
      pages = {34-39},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ija.20130103.11},
      abstract = {Kalmakareh treasure was discovered in 1989 by a local hunter. the Kalmakareh cave, is about 20 km to the northwest of Pol-e Dokhtar, Lurestan Province. The collection is consisted of different metal objects including vessels, rhytons, animal and human figurines, masks, plaques, adornments and etc. The presence of neo-Elamite scripts on some artifacts makes it unickly easy to date. The names on the scripts indicates a close connection to the cultural horizon of Neo-Elamite period. The inscriptions deciphered by Lambert, Vallat and Bashash alongside with archaeological analysis by the author revealed a new unknown local dynasty in Lurestan, concurrent with neo-Elamite period; which opens a new discussion in investigating archaeological issues and art history of this period in western Iran. Discovered objects are mostly made of silver. It is here aimed to introduce, discuss and investigate one of the particular human statue of the mentioned collection. This small statue, which is now in the museum of Falak-Al Aflak castle, was made by casting method and then decorated by chasing. Here we try to recognize the statue's motives, its comparisons and then we will have som further interpretations. Objects are show a local tradition affected by different exotic issues, especially those of Elam and Assyria.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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    T1  - Introduction a Unique Archer Soldier Statue Found at Kalmakareh Cave, Lurestan, Iran
    AU  - Leila Khosravi
    Y1  - 2013/11/20
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11
    T2  - International Journal of Archaeology
    JF  - International Journal of Archaeology
    JO  - International Journal of Archaeology
    SP  - 34
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ija.20130103.11
    AB  - Kalmakareh treasure was discovered in 1989 by a local hunter. the Kalmakareh cave, is about 20 km to the northwest of Pol-e Dokhtar, Lurestan Province. The collection is consisted of different metal objects including vessels, rhytons, animal and human figurines, masks, plaques, adornments and etc. The presence of neo-Elamite scripts on some artifacts makes it unickly easy to date. The names on the scripts indicates a close connection to the cultural horizon of Neo-Elamite period. The inscriptions deciphered by Lambert, Vallat and Bashash alongside with archaeological analysis by the author revealed a new unknown local dynasty in Lurestan, concurrent with neo-Elamite period; which opens a new discussion in investigating archaeological issues and art history of this period in western Iran. Discovered objects are mostly made of silver. It is here aimed to introduce, discuss and investigate one of the particular human statue of the mentioned collection. This small statue, which is now in the museum of Falak-Al Aflak castle, was made by casting method and then decorated by chasing. Here we try to recognize the statue's motives, its comparisons and then we will have som further interpretations. Objects are show a local tradition affected by different exotic issues, especially those of Elam and Assyria.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Assistant Professor, Iranian Center for Archaeological Research (ICAR), Tehran, Iran

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