Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria

Olaseni Victor Babasola; Nmoka Goodluck Infeanyi

doi:doi:10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13

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Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria

Olaseni Victor Babasola^*

, Nmoka Goodluck Infeanyi

Published in Hydrology (Volume 13, Issue 1)

Received: 17 December 2024 Accepted: 10 January 2025 Published: 24 January 2025

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Abstract

The quality and availability of groundwater are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including oil extraction and inadequate environmental management. This study focuses on the groundwater potential and vulnerability of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE) campus and Agbarho axis in Delta State. The research employs Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques to assess the subsurface structure and derive geoelectric parameters, such as transverse unit resistance (Tr), longitudinal resistance (ρL), and transverse resistivity (ρt), which inform the groundwater potential and vulnerability. The study also integrates second-order geoelectric indices, including Dar Zarrouk’s parameters, to evaluate aquifer protective capacity using the GOD index and longitudinal conductance. Results indicate that while parts of the study area exhibit promising groundwater potential (high Tr values), the overall aquifer protective capacity is poor, with low longitudinal conductance values suggesting a high susceptibility to contamination. Geoelectric curve types, resistivity contrast, and coefficient of anisotropy further reveal a heterogeneous subsurface with varying permeability and porosity. The GOD index categorizes most of the area as moderately vulnerable to contamination, highlighting the need for enhanced groundwater management. This study underscores the importance of integrating hydrogeological and geophysical data for effective groundwater exploration, management, and protection in regions at risk of contamination.

Published in	Hydrology (Volume 13, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13
Page(s)	22-33
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Groundwater Potential, Electrical Resistivity, Aquifer Vulnerability, Dar Zarouk Parameter, GOD Index, FUPRE

References

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APA Style

Babasola, O. V., Infeanyi, N. G. (2025). Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria. Hydrology, 13(1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13

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ACS Style

Babasola, O. V.; Infeanyi, N. G. Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria. Hydrology. 2025, 13(1), 22-33. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13

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AMA Style

Babasola OV, Infeanyi NG. Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria. Hydrology. 2025;13(1):22-33. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13,
  author = {Olaseni Victor Babasola and Nmoka Goodluck Infeanyi},
  title = {Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria
},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {22-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20251301.13},
  abstract = {The quality and availability of groundwater are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including oil extraction and inadequate environmental management. This study focuses on the groundwater potential and vulnerability of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE) campus and Agbarho axis in Delta State. The research employs Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques to assess the subsurface structure and derive geoelectric parameters, such as transverse unit resistance (Tr), longitudinal resistance (ρL), and transverse resistivity (ρt), which inform the groundwater potential and vulnerability. The study also integrates second-order geoelectric indices, including Dar Zarrouk’s parameters, to evaluate aquifer protective capacity using the GOD index and longitudinal conductance. Results indicate that while parts of the study area exhibit promising groundwater potential (high Tr values), the overall aquifer protective capacity is poor, with low longitudinal conductance values suggesting a high susceptibility to contamination. Geoelectric curve types, resistivity contrast, and coefficient of anisotropy further reveal a heterogeneous subsurface with varying permeability and porosity. The GOD index categorizes most of the area as moderately vulnerable to contamination, highlighting the need for enhanced groundwater management. This study underscores the importance of integrating hydrogeological and geophysical data for effective groundwater exploration, management, and protection in regions at risk of contamination.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria

AU  - Olaseni Victor Babasola
AU  - Nmoka Goodluck Infeanyi
Y1  - 2025/01/24
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 22
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13
AB  - The quality and availability of groundwater are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including oil extraction and inadequate environmental management. This study focuses on the groundwater potential and vulnerability of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE) campus and Agbarho axis in Delta State. The research employs Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques to assess the subsurface structure and derive geoelectric parameters, such as transverse unit resistance (Tr), longitudinal resistance (ρL), and transverse resistivity (ρt), which inform the groundwater potential and vulnerability. The study also integrates second-order geoelectric indices, including Dar Zarrouk’s parameters, to evaluate aquifer protective capacity using the GOD index and longitudinal conductance. Results indicate that while parts of the study area exhibit promising groundwater potential (high Tr values), the overall aquifer protective capacity is poor, with low longitudinal conductance values suggesting a high susceptibility to contamination. Geoelectric curve types, resistivity contrast, and coefficient of anisotropy further reveal a heterogeneous subsurface with varying permeability and porosity. The GOD index categorizes most of the area as moderately vulnerable to contamination, highlighting the need for enhanced groundwater management. This study underscores the importance of integrating hydrogeological and geophysical data for effective groundwater exploration, management, and protection in regions at risk of contamination.

VL  - 13
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Olaseni Victor Babasola

Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

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http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8390-1387
Nmoka Goodluck Infeanyi

Department of Physics, Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun, Nigeria

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APA Style

Babasola, O. V., Infeanyi, N. G. (2025). Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria. Hydrology, 13(1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13

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ACS Style

Babasola, O. V.; Infeanyi, N. G. Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria. Hydrology. 2025, 13(1), 22-33. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13

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AMA Style

Babasola OV, Infeanyi NG. Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria. Hydrology. 2025;13(1):22-33. doi: 10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13

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@article{10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13,
  author = {Olaseni Victor Babasola and Nmoka Goodluck Infeanyi},
  title = {Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria
},
  journal = {Hydrology},
  volume = {13},
  number = {1},
  pages = {22-33},
  doi = {10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.hyd.20251301.13},
  abstract = {The quality and availability of groundwater are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including oil extraction and inadequate environmental management. This study focuses on the groundwater potential and vulnerability of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE) campus and Agbarho axis in Delta State. The research employs Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques to assess the subsurface structure and derive geoelectric parameters, such as transverse unit resistance (Tr), longitudinal resistance (ρL), and transverse resistivity (ρt), which inform the groundwater potential and vulnerability. The study also integrates second-order geoelectric indices, including Dar Zarrouk’s parameters, to evaluate aquifer protective capacity using the GOD index and longitudinal conductance. Results indicate that while parts of the study area exhibit promising groundwater potential (high Tr values), the overall aquifer protective capacity is poor, with low longitudinal conductance values suggesting a high susceptibility to contamination. Geoelectric curve types, resistivity contrast, and coefficient of anisotropy further reveal a heterogeneous subsurface with varying permeability and porosity. The GOD index categorizes most of the area as moderately vulnerable to contamination, highlighting the need for enhanced groundwater management. This study underscores the importance of integrating hydrogeological and geophysical data for effective groundwater exploration, management, and protection in regions at risk of contamination.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Groundwater Potential and Vulnerability Using Electrical Resistivity Techniques: A Case Study of the FUPRE Campus and Agbarho Axis, Delta State, Nigeria

AU  - Olaseni Victor Babasola
AU  - Nmoka Goodluck Infeanyi
Y1  - 2025/01/24
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13
T2  - Hydrology
JF  - Hydrology
JO  - Hydrology
SP  - 22
EP  - 33
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-7617
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hyd.20251301.13
AB  - The quality and availability of groundwater are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic activities, including oil extraction and inadequate environmental management. This study focuses on the groundwater potential and vulnerability of the Federal University of Petroleum Resources (FUPRE) campus and Agbarho axis in Delta State. The research employs Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) techniques to assess the subsurface structure and derive geoelectric parameters, such as transverse unit resistance (Tr), longitudinal resistance (ρL), and transverse resistivity (ρt), which inform the groundwater potential and vulnerability. The study also integrates second-order geoelectric indices, including Dar Zarrouk’s parameters, to evaluate aquifer protective capacity using the GOD index and longitudinal conductance. Results indicate that while parts of the study area exhibit promising groundwater potential (high Tr values), the overall aquifer protective capacity is poor, with low longitudinal conductance values suggesting a high susceptibility to contamination. Geoelectric curve types, resistivity contrast, and coefficient of anisotropy further reveal a heterogeneous subsurface with varying permeability and porosity. The GOD index categorizes most of the area as moderately vulnerable to contamination, highlighting the need for enhanced groundwater management. This study underscores the importance of integrating hydrogeological and geophysical data for effective groundwater exploration, management, and protection in regions at risk of contamination.

VL  - 13
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download