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Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde

Published in Frontiers (Volume 2, Issue 4)
Received: 20 November 2022     Accepted: 15 December 2022     Published: 29 December 2022
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Abstract

Management of rainwater in industries is a challenge in many countries. This study, carried out at the Brasseries du Cameroun, at the plant of the Central Region, aimed to evaluate the management of rainwater within the plant. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the current state of rainwater management according to the rainwater pollution prevention method proposed by the American Environmental Protection Agency in 2009, revised by Christopher Newport University in 2016 in the United. Furthermore, it was important to Characterize the pollutants in the surface water of the Aké River, which is directly located alongside the plant, and to identify the areas at stake in the plant. The range of activities carried out in the workshops, such as handling, the transfer of products from one workshop to another, washing (bottles, crates and tanks) and waste management, are all at risk of polluting rainwater. Solid waste constitutes 39% of the plant's potential pollutants, followed by fermentable products and waste (29%), chemicals (21%), metals (6%), bacteria (5%), biological products (3%), oils and fats (3%). These pollutants threaten the Aké tributary's water quality. This was observed on the results of: chemical dissolved oxygen demand COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the brewery delivery station, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the stormwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. This was observed on the results of: chemical demand for dissolved oxygen COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the grain delivery unit, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the rainwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. For this purpose, 50% of the plant' s areas are critical risk areas for stormwater management, 37.5% are catastrophic risk areas and 12.5% are tolerable risk areas. A corrective action plan worth 8,889,250 CFA francs has been proposed.

Published in Frontiers (Volume 2, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
Page(s) 143-151
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Assessment, Management, Rainwater, Industries, Agribusiness, Brasseries

References
[1] Mbog MS, (2013). Evaluation of hospital liquid waste management: case of waste water from the Yaoundé Hospital Center (CHU). PhD thesis in Environmental Sciences, University of Yaoundé..
[2] Winter, JG, Duthie, (2017). The negative impacts of our current food system. Equiterre. 12P.
[3] Severin (2016.) Environmental standards and inspection procedures for industrial and commercial facilities in Cameroon.
[4] Beyene, A., Addis, T., Kifle, D., Legesse, W., Kloos, H., Triest, L., (2009). Comparative study of diatoms and macro invertebrates as indicators of severe water pollution: Case study of the Kabena and Akaki rivers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Eco. Ind., 9 (2): 381-392.
[5] Metagne CT, L. Zapfack, Djomo CC, Damien ME, Godswill N.-N., (2018). Influence of the Origin of Water Pollution on the Floristic Diversity of Macrophytes of the Mfoundi Lowlands in the City of Yaounde. Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol. 5 (8): 29-39.
[6] Djomo (2000). unifying research program on wastewater treatment in sub-Saharan Africa. Financed by the French Cooperation through the CAMPUS program, project n° 96313119b.32 p.
[7] Leclerc S., Jacq VA and Tine E., (1985.) Attempts to develop brewery by-products by methane fermentation – “anaerobic contact” process. Orstom documentary funds. 1-25.
[8] Meyengue Evrad Aurel Rodrigue, (2018). Improving water management in industries: the case of Yaoundé Breweries. Engineering, National Polytechnic School of Maroua. 85 p.
[9] Wabo Alain Stéphan, (2014). Optimization of Wastewater Treatment and Reduction of the Operating Cost of the Wastewater Treatment Plant. Professional license GEN3, IUT of the University of Ngaoundéré.
[10] Magang Sopgui Marie Paule, (2017). Improvement of the wastewater recovery rate at the SABC group wastewater treatment plant in Yaoundé. Engineering, INSAI Ngaoundéré, 54P.
[11] ISO, (2010). Managing hazardous materials requirements. Environmental and Occupational Safety and Health (EOSH). ES-RQ-190. PP: 1-15.
[12] Metcalf & Eddy, (1991). Wastewater engineering – treatment, disposal, reuse. Irwin/McGraw-Hill, London. 782 p.
[13] De Villers J., Squilbin M. & Yourassowsky C., (2005). Physico-chemical and chemical quality of surface waters: general framework. Brussels Institute for Environmental Management / Environmental Data Observatory. 16p.
[14] Toukak Siewettcheu Aubin, (2017). Industrial risk assessment: case of BOCOM Industry in Douala. PhD thesis in Environment, Speciality: Management of Industrial and Environmental Risks, University of Dschang.
[15] Ayina, (2018) Impact of the use of soda in the brewing industries: case of the SABC center factory. Professional Master, in Environmental Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, 42 P.
[16] Makhoukh M., Sbaa M., Berrahou A., Clooster Van. M., (2021). Contribution to the physico-chemical study of the surface waters of Oued Moulouya (Eastern Morocco). Larhyss Journal (9): 149-169.
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  • APA Style

    Severin Mbog Mbog, Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi, Bill Vaneck Bot, Dieudonne Bitondo. (2022). Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers, 2(4), 143-151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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    ACS Style

    Severin Mbog Mbog; Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi; Bill Vaneck Bot; Dieudonne Bitondo. Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers. 2022, 2(4), 143-151. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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    AMA Style

    Severin Mbog Mbog, Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi, Bill Vaneck Bot, Dieudonne Bitondo. Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde. Frontiers. 2022;2(4):143-151. doi: 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11,
      author = {Severin Mbog Mbog and Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi and Bill Vaneck Bot and Dieudonne Bitondo},
      title = {Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde},
      journal = {Frontiers},
      volume = {2},
      number = {4},
      pages = {143-151},
      doi = {10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.frontiers.20220204.11},
      abstract = {Management of rainwater in industries is a challenge in many countries. This study, carried out at the Brasseries du Cameroun, at the plant of the Central Region, aimed to evaluate the management of rainwater within the plant. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the current state of rainwater management according to the rainwater pollution prevention method proposed by the American Environmental Protection Agency in 2009, revised by Christopher Newport University in 2016 in the United. Furthermore, it was important to Characterize the pollutants in the surface water of the Aké River, which is directly located alongside the plant, and to identify the areas at stake in the plant. The range of activities carried out in the workshops, such as handling, the transfer of products from one workshop to another, washing (bottles, crates and tanks) and waste management, are all at risk of polluting rainwater. Solid waste constitutes 39% of the plant's potential pollutants, followed by fermentable products and waste (29%), chemicals (21%), metals (6%), bacteria (5%), biological products (3%), oils and fats (3%). These pollutants threaten the Aké tributary's water quality. This was observed on the results of: chemical dissolved oxygen demand COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the brewery delivery station, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the stormwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. This was observed on the results of: chemical demand for dissolved oxygen COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the grain delivery unit, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the rainwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. For this purpose, 50% of the plant' s areas are critical risk areas for stormwater management, 37.5% are catastrophic risk areas and 12.5% are tolerable risk areas. A corrective action plan worth 8,889,250 CFA francs has been proposed.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of Rainwater Management in Agri-food Industries: Case Study of Cameroon’s Plant Brasseries of Yaounde
    AU  - Severin Mbog Mbog
    AU  - Ernestine Kemmoe Nzadi
    AU  - Bill Vaneck Bot
    AU  - Dieudonne Bitondo
    Y1  - 2022/12/29
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
    T2  - Frontiers
    JF  - Frontiers
    JO  - Frontiers
    SP  - 143
    EP  - 151
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2994-7197
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.frontiers.20220204.11
    AB  - Management of rainwater in industries is a challenge in many countries. This study, carried out at the Brasseries du Cameroun, at the plant of the Central Region, aimed to evaluate the management of rainwater within the plant. Thus, it was necessary to evaluate the current state of rainwater management according to the rainwater pollution prevention method proposed by the American Environmental Protection Agency in 2009, revised by Christopher Newport University in 2016 in the United. Furthermore, it was important to Characterize the pollutants in the surface water of the Aké River, which is directly located alongside the plant, and to identify the areas at stake in the plant. The range of activities carried out in the workshops, such as handling, the transfer of products from one workshop to another, washing (bottles, crates and tanks) and waste management, are all at risk of polluting rainwater. Solid waste constitutes 39% of the plant's potential pollutants, followed by fermentable products and waste (29%), chemicals (21%), metals (6%), bacteria (5%), biological products (3%), oils and fats (3%). These pollutants threaten the Aké tributary's water quality. This was observed on the results of: chemical dissolved oxygen demand COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the brewery delivery station, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the stormwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. This was observed on the results of: chemical demand for dissolved oxygen COD reaching a maximum value of 860 mg/l at the grain delivery unit, suspended solids with a maximum value of 600 mg/l at the outlets of the rainwater drains at the wastewater treatment plant, and phosphate content with a value of 100mg/l at the conditioning, in the rainy season. For this purpose, 50% of the plant' s areas are critical risk areas for stormwater management, 37.5% are catastrophic risk areas and 12.5% are tolerable risk areas. A corrective action plan worth 8,889,250 CFA francs has been proposed.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Quality Engineering, Health, Safety and Industrial Environment, National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Biotechnology and Environment Laboratory, Doctoral School of Sciences, Health and Environment, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Laboratory of Thermal and Environment, Advanced Teacher’s Training College for Technical Education, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

  • Department of Quality Engineering, Health, Safety and Industrial Environment, National Higher Polytechnic School of Douala, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon

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