Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba; Acácio Salamandane; Brígida Macaza; Cecília Boaventura; Leonel Novela; Cátia Salamandane

doi:doi:10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba, Acácio Salamandane, Brígida Macaza, Cecília Boaventura, Leonel Novela, Cátia Salamandane

Published in Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 8, Issue 4)

Received: 22 December 2022 Accepted: 10 January 2023 Published: 31 January 2023

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Abstract

Typhoid fever (TF) typically manifests itself as prolonged high fever, relative bradycardia, splenomegaly, and abdominal symptoms. Socioeconomic factors, including educational level, poor sanitation and hygiene conditions,, social assistance, access to safe food, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination and persistence of Salmonella infections in urban, suburban, and rural areas. The combination of these factors creates conditions for the permanent occurrence of TF, which is the most common cause of hospitalization and death in low incoming countries. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the risk factor and TF occurrence. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and submitted for registration at the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), MEDLINE (Bireme), Science Direct and B-on databases, between June and August of 2022. Of 2,246 articles, 42 were included. Of these studies, 24 were included in the systematic review, and 9 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of Typhoid fever ranged between 1.1% and 93%. The factors associated with TF were as follows: contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge about TF, living in a refugee camp or nearby. There was a clear association between TF and contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge of TF, and living under inadequate conditions.

Published in	Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12
Page(s)	78-90
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Salmonella typhi, Intake Food, Drinking Water, Hygiene Practices, Typhoid Fever

References

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Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba, Acácio Salamandane, Brígida Macaza, Cecília Boaventura, Leonel Novela, et al. (2023). Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 8(4), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12

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Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba; Acácio Salamandane; Brígida Macaza; Cecília Boaventura; Leonel Novela, et al. Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2023, 8(4), 78-90. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12

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Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba, Acácio Salamandane, Brígida Macaza, Cecília Boaventura, Leonel Novela, et al. Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Environ Microbiol. 2023;8(4):78-90. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12,
  author = {Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba and Acácio Salamandane and Brígida Macaza and Cecília Boaventura and Leonel Novela and Cátia Salamandane},
  title = {Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20220804.12},
  abstract = {Typhoid fever (TF) typically manifests itself as prolonged high fever, relative bradycardia, splenomegaly, and abdominal symptoms. Socioeconomic factors, including educational level, poor sanitation and hygiene conditions,, social assistance, access to safe food, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination and persistence of Salmonella infections in urban, suburban, and rural areas. The combination of these factors creates conditions for the permanent occurrence of TF, which is the most common cause of hospitalization and death in low incoming countries. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the risk factor and TF occurrence. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and submitted for registration at the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), MEDLINE (Bireme), Science Direct and B-on databases, between June and August of 2022. Of 2,246 articles, 42 were included. Of these studies, 24 were included in the systematic review, and 9 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of Typhoid fever ranged between 1.1% and 93%. The factors associated with TF were as follows: contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge about TF, living in a refugee camp or nearby. There was a clear association between TF and contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge of TF, and living under inadequate conditions.},
 year = {2023}
}

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T1  - Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AU  - Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba
AU  - Acácio Salamandane
AU  - Brígida Macaza
AU  - Cecília Boaventura
AU  - Leonel Novela
AU  - Cátia Salamandane
Y1  - 2023/01/31
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N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12
T2  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP  - 78
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8067
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12
AB  - Typhoid fever (TF) typically manifests itself as prolonged high fever, relative bradycardia, splenomegaly, and abdominal symptoms. Socioeconomic factors, including educational level, poor sanitation and hygiene conditions,, social assistance, access to safe food, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination and persistence of Salmonella infections in urban, suburban, and rural areas. The combination of these factors creates conditions for the permanent occurrence of TF, which is the most common cause of hospitalization and death in low incoming countries. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the risk factor and TF occurrence. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and submitted for registration at the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), MEDLINE (Bireme), Science Direct and B-on databases, between June and August of 2022. Of 2,246 articles, 42 were included. Of these studies, 24 were included in the systematic review, and 9 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of Typhoid fever ranged between 1.1% and 93%. The factors associated with TF were as follows: contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge about TF, living in a refugee camp or nearby. There was a clear association between TF and contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge of TF, and living under inadequate conditions.
VL  - 8
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Author Information

Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba

Faculty of Health Science, Lurio University, Nampula City, Mozambique
Acácio Salamandane

Faculty of Health Science, Lurio University, Nampula City, Mozambique
Brígida Macaza

Faculty of Health Science, Lurio University, Nampula City, Mozambique
Cecília Boaventura

Faculty of Health Science, Lurio University, Nampula City, Mozambique
Leonel Novela

Faculty of Health Science, Lurio University, Nampula City, Mozambique
Cátia Salamandane

Faculty of Health Science, Lurio University, Nampula City, Mozambique

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Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba, Acácio Salamandane, Brígida Macaza, Cecília Boaventura, Leonel Novela, et al. (2023). Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 8(4), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12

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Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba; Acácio Salamandane; Brígida Macaza; Cecília Boaventura; Leonel Novela, et al. Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2023, 8(4), 78-90. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12

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Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba, Acácio Salamandane, Brígida Macaza, Cecília Boaventura, Leonel Novela, et al. Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Front Environ Microbiol. 2023;8(4):78-90. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12,
  author = {Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba and Acácio Salamandane and Brígida Macaza and Cecília Boaventura and Leonel Novela and Cátia Salamandane},
  title = {Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {8},
  number = {4},
  pages = {78-90},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20220804.12},
  abstract = {Typhoid fever (TF) typically manifests itself as prolonged high fever, relative bradycardia, splenomegaly, and abdominal symptoms. Socioeconomic factors, including educational level, poor sanitation and hygiene conditions,, social assistance, access to safe food, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination and persistence of Salmonella infections in urban, suburban, and rural areas. The combination of these factors creates conditions for the permanent occurrence of TF, which is the most common cause of hospitalization and death in low incoming countries. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the risk factor and TF occurrence. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and submitted for registration at the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), MEDLINE (Bireme), Science Direct and B-on databases, between June and August of 2022. Of 2,246 articles, 42 were included. Of these studies, 24 were included in the systematic review, and 9 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of Typhoid fever ranged between 1.1% and 93%. The factors associated with TF were as follows: contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge about TF, living in a refugee camp or nearby. There was a clear association between TF and contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge of TF, and living under inadequate conditions.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants of Typhoid Fever Occurrence in Regions with High Risk of Contracting Communicable Diseases: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
AU  - Almeida Abudo Leite Machamba
AU  - Acácio Salamandane
AU  - Brígida Macaza
AU  - Cecília Boaventura
AU  - Leonel Novela
AU  - Cátia Salamandane
Y1  - 2023/01/31
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12
T2  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO  - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP  - 78
EP  - 90
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2469-8067
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220804.12
AB  - Typhoid fever (TF) typically manifests itself as prolonged high fever, relative bradycardia, splenomegaly, and abdominal symptoms. Socioeconomic factors, including educational level, poor sanitation and hygiene conditions,, social assistance, access to safe food, and misuse of antibiotics contribute to the dissemination and persistence of Salmonella infections in urban, suburban, and rural areas. The combination of these factors creates conditions for the permanent occurrence of TF, which is the most common cause of hospitalization and death in low incoming countries. This study aimed to assess the relationships between the risk factor and TF occurrence. The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and submitted for registration at the International Prospective Register of Ongoing Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE/PUBMED (National Library of Medicine), MEDLINE (Bireme), Science Direct and B-on databases, between June and August of 2022. Of 2,246 articles, 42 were included. Of these studies, 24 were included in the systematic review, and 9 were included in the meta-analysis. The prevalence of Typhoid fever ranged between 1.1% and 93%. The factors associated with TF were as follows: contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge about TF, living in a refugee camp or nearby. There was a clear association between TF and contaminated food, untreated drinking water, incorrect hygiene practices, contact with someone who had TF, a lack of knowledge of TF, and living under inadequate conditions.
VL  - 8
IS  - 4
ER  -

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