Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most common vegetable diseases. In warm moist sandy soil, they are the most problematic and damaging. With about 5500 plant hosts, it is an economically important obligatory plant parasite. They have a significant impact on important crops around the world, such as vegetables, fruits, and cereal harvests. In most cases, nematode damage to crops is not easily visible, and it is often obscured by the many other factors that limit plant growth. Much of the harm produced by nematodes remains unnoticed or is mistaken for other reasons such fungal infection, water stress, or other physiological diseases, and by the time the disease is discovered, the damage to crops has already been done. A key hindrance to the preservation of vegetable crops is a lack of understanding among farmers about the challenges created by root knot nematodes, as well as ineffective management measures to tackle the threat. Except for a few investors, almost all Ethiopian farmers are unaware of the relevance of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Plant parasitic nematodes not only have a direct impact on agricultural crops, but they also have an indirect impact by exposing the host plant to secondary infection and causing disease complexity in the affected plants. As a result, when compared to other infections, root knot nematode control is extremely challenging. As a result, farmers should receive training and awareness of PPN signs and assaults from the relevant body.
| Published in | Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 8, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13 |
| Page(s) | 13-18 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Endo-Parasite, Migratory, Obligate Parasite, Root Knot Nematode, Sedentary
| [1] | Akinyemi, S., Kintomo, A. A., Ojurongbe T, Sallah P., Nlabamenye T., Nkezabahizi D., 2009. Effect of fertilizer, organic mulch and sucker hot water treatment on nematode populations and productivity of plantain. Jounal of Applied Biosciences. 16: 887- 893. |
| [2] | Alemayehu, N., D. Hoekstra, K. Berhe and M. Jaleta., 2010. Irrigated vegetable promotion and expansion: The case of Ada’a District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. Improving the productivity and market success of Ethiopian Farmers (IPMS) Case Study Report, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Downloadable at: http://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/1422 |
| [3] | Anwar, S. A. and M. V. Mckenry., 2010. Incidence and reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita on vegetable crop genotypes. Pakistan J. Zool., 42: 135-141. |
| [4] | Anwar, S. A. and Mckenry, M. V., 2012. Incidence and population density of plant-parasitic nematodes infecting vegetable crops and associated yield losses. Pakistan J. Zool., 44: 327-333. |
| [5] | Ateeq-Ur-Rehman., 2009. Integration of different bio-control agents for the management of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). PhD Thesis (Plant Pathology), University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. |
| [6] | Auwal, H. M., Pham, T. H., Shi, H., & Zheng, J., 2013. Nematodes threats to global food security. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B–Soil & Plant Science, 63 (5), 420-425. |
| [7] | Ball-Coelho, B., A. J. Bruin, R. C. Roy and E. Riga., 2003. Forage pearl millet and marigold as rotation crops for biological control of root-lesion nematodes in potato. Agron. J., 95: 282-292. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheNandcpsidt=14629971 |
| [8] | Calderoon-Urrea, A., Vanholme, B., Vangestel, S., Kane, S. M., Bahaji, A., Pha, K., 2016. Early development of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. BMC Dev. Biol.; 16, 1–14. doi: 10.1186/s12861-016-0109-x. |
| [9] | Charchar AU, Gonzaga JM, Giordano V, Boiteuy LD, Reis LS., 2003. Reaction of tomato cultivars to infection by a mixed population of Meloidogyne incognita race and Meloidogyne javanica in the field. Nematologia Brasileira 27, 49- 54. |
| [10] | Chitambo, O., Haukeland, S., Fiaboe, K. M., Kariuki, G. M. and Grundler, F. M. W., 2016. First report of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii parasitizing African nightshades in Kenya. Plant Disease,; http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-15-1300-PDN |
| [11] | Daneel M, Engelbrecht E, Fourie H, Ahuja P., 2017. The host status of Brassicaceae to Meloidogyne and their effects as cover and biofumigant crops on root-knot nematode populations associated with potato and tomato under South African field conditions. Crop prot.; 1-9. |
| [12] | Das, D, Kshetrimayum, S., Devi, S., & Rai, D. A., 2015. Taxonomic review of Root Nematode. International journal of current research, 7 (12), 23413-23416. Retrieved from https://www.journalcra.com/sites/default/files/issue-pdf/11112.pdf |
| [13] | Department of Agriculture Sarawak., 2020. Nematode: Hidden enemy. Retrieved from doa.sarawak.gov.my. |
| [14] | Dreistadt, S. H., J. K. Clark, and M. L. Flint., 2004. Pests of Landscape Trees and Shrubs: An Integrated Pest Management Guide. Oakland: Univ. Calif. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ., 3359. |
| [15] | EHDA (Ethiopian Horticulture Development Agency)., 2012. Exporting Fruit and Vegetables from Ethiopia: Assessment of development potentials and investment options in the export-oriented fruit and vegetable sector. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. (2011). |
| [16] | Fleming, T., McGowan, N., Maule, A., & Fleming, C., 2016. Prevalence and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes in Northern Ireland grassland and cereals, and the influence of soils and rainfall. Plant Pathology; 65 (9), 1539-1550. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12525. |
| [17] | Grubisic, D.; Uroic, G.; Ivosevic, A.; Grdisa, M., 2018. Nematode control by the use of antagonistic plants. Agric. Consp. Sci., 83, 269–275. |
| [18] | Hajihassani, A., Lawrence, K. S., and Jagdale, G. B., 2018. “Plant parasitic nematodes in Georgia and Alabama,” in Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Sustainable Agriculture of North America, vol. Vol. 2. Eds. S. A. Subbotin and J. J. Chitambar (Northeastern, Midwestern and Southern USA: Cham: Springer International Publishing), 357–391. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-99588-5_14. |
| [19] | Jones, J. T., Haegeman, A., Danchin, E. G. J., Gaur, H. S., Helder, J., Jones, M. G. K., et al., 2013. Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology. Mol. Plant Pathol. 14, 946–961. doi: 10.1111/mpp.12057. |
| [20] | Kamran, M., S. A. Anwar, N. Javed, S. A. Khan and G. M. Sahi. 2010. Incidence of root knot nematodes on tomato in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. Pak. J. Nematol., 28: 253-262. |
| [21] | Karssen, G., Wesemael, W. and Moens, M. Root-knot nematodes. In: Perry, R. N. and Moens, M. (Eds.)., 2013. Plant Nematology 2nd edition, CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp, 73- 108. |
| [22] | Keren-Zur, M., Antonov, J., Bercovitz, A., Feldman, A., Keram, G., Morov, and Rebhum, N., 2000. Baccillus firmus formulation for the safe control of root knot nematodes. The BCPC Conference. Pests and Disease, Brighton, UK. pp., 307-311. |
| [23] | Khanal, C., Robbins, R. T., Faske, T. R., Szalanski, A. L., McGawley, E. C., & Overstreet, C., 2016. Identification and haplotype designation of Meloidogyne spp. of Arkansas using molecular diagnostics. Retrieved from, https://journals.flvc.org/nematropica/article/view/90804 |
| [24] | Kiewnick S, Sikora RA., 2006. Biological control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita by Paecilomyces lilacinus strain 251. Biological Control. 38: 179–187. |
| [25] | Kimenju, J. W., Muiru, D. M., Karanja, N. K., Nyongesa, M. W. and Miano, D. W., 2004. Assessing the Role of Organic Amendments in Management of Root-knot nematodes on Common Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris L. Tropical Microbiology and Biotechnology.; 3, 14-23. |
| [26] | Maisarah, M. S., Badrulhadza, A., Mohd, F. M., Allicia, J., Norsuha, S. M., Kogeethavani, R., & Azmi, M., 2018. Pocket book: Pests, diseases and weeds in Malaysia (4th ed.). Malaysia: Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institution (MARDI): Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry. |
| [27] | Mandefro W. and Mekete T., 2002. Root-knot nematodes on vegetable crops in the central and western Ethiopia. Pest Management Journal o/Ethiopia, 6: 45-51. |
| [28] | Mirsam, H., 2018. Inventory of plant parasitic nematodes associated with carrot plants from West Java and South Sulawesi. National Seminar Proceedings, 4 (1), 273-281. |
| [29] | Maleita, C. M., 2011. Biology and Ecology of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hispanica: A Species of Emerging Importance. PhD Thesis, University of Coimbra, Portugal. |
| [30] | Moreira FJC, dos Santos Ferreira AC., 2015. Controle Alternativo De Nematoide Das GaLHAS (Meloidogyne enterolobii) COM Cravo De Defunto (Tagetes patula L.), EM Solo. Holos. 1: 99-110. |
| [31] | Mueller, J. D., Khalilian A., Monfort W. S., Davis R. F., Kirkpatrick T. L., Ortiz B. V., and Henderson W. G., Jr., 2010. Site-Specific Detection and Management of Nematodes. In Precision Crop Protection. Edited by Erich Christian Oerke, R. Gerhards, G. Menz, and R. A. Sikora. Springer. In press. |
| [32] | Mweke, A. N., J. W. Kimenju, A. A. Seif, E. W. Mutitu and G. K. Mutua., 2008. Potential of sequential cropping in the management of root-knot nematodes in Okra. Asian Journal of Plant Science. 7: 399-403. URL: http://scialert. Net/abstract/?doi=ajps., 399-403. |
| [33] | Nagachandrabose S., 2018. Liquid bioformulations for the management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla that infects carrot. Crop Prot; 114: 155–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro. 2018.08.022 |
| [34] | Nchore, S. B., Waceke, J. W. and Kariuki, G. M. 2013. Response of African leafy vegetables to Meloidogyne spp. in Kenya. Journal of Today’s Biological Sciences, 2 (1): 1-12. |
| [35] | Nicol, J. M., Turner, S. J., Coyne, L., Nijs, D. L., Hockland, Z., & Tahna, M., 2011. Current nematode threats to world agriculture. Genomics and Molecular Genetics of Plant-Nematode Interactions, 21-43. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007- 0434-3-2. |
| [36] | Oka, Y. and U. Yermiyahu., 2002. Suppressive effects of composts against the root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica on tomato. Nematology, 4: 891-898. http://cat.inist.fr/?aModele=afficheNandcpsidt=14527531 |
| [37] | Pakeerathan, K. Mikunthan, G. and Tharshani, N., 2009. Eco-friendly management of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood using different green leaf manures on tomato under field conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 6: 494-497. |
| [38] | Palomares-Rius, J. E., Escobar, C., Cabrera, J., Vovlas, A., and Castillo, P. 2017., Anatomical alterations in plant tissues induced by plant-parasitic nematodes. Front. Plant Sci. 8: 1987. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01987. |
| [39] | Ploeg, A. T., 2008. Biofumigation to manage plant-parasitic nematodes. (2) 239–248 in A. Ciancio and K. G. Mukerji, eds. Integrated management of plant pests and diseases. |
| [40] | P. M. Norshie, T. H. Been, C. H., 2011. Schomaker. Estimation of partial resistance in potato genotypes against Meloidogyne chitwoodi. Nematology; 13, 447-489. |
| [41] | Radwan, M. A., Farrag, S. A. A., Abu-Elamayem, M. M., and Ahmed, N. S., 2012. Efficacy of Some Granular Nematicides Against Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita Associated With Tomato. Pakistan Journal of Nematology. 2012; 30 (1): 41-47. |
| [42] | Ralmi, N. H. A. A., Khandaker, M. M., & Mat, N., 2016. Occurrence and control of root knot nematode in crops: a review. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 11 (12), 1649. Retrieved from https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=581347147481437;res=IELHS |
| [43] | Sahebani N, Hadavi N. 2008. Biological control of the root-knot nematode Melodogyne javanica by Trichoderma harizianum. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 2016–2020. |
| [44] | Serfoji P, Rajeshkumar S, Selvaraj T., 2010. Management of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on tomato cv Pusa Ruby by using vermicompost, AM fungus, Glomus aggregatum and mycorrhiza helper bacterium, Bacillus coagulans. Journal of Agricultural Technology; (1), 37-45. |
| [45] | Shahab, S. S. and Sharma, S., 2011. Pathogenicity of root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and root rot fungus, Rhizoctonia solani on okra (Abelmoshcus esculentus L.). J. Sci. Technol., 3: 97-102. |
| [46] | Siddique, S., and Grundler, F. M. 2018. Parasitic nematodes manipulate plant development to establish feeding sites. Curr. Opin. Microbiol. 46, 102–108. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2018.09.004. |
| [47] | Singh, T., Prajapati, A., Maru, A. K., Chaudhary, R., & Patel, D. J. 2019. Root-Knot Nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) Infecting Pomegranate: A Review. Agricultural Reviews, 40 (4). DOI: 10.18805/ag.R-1945. |
| [48] | Tiyagi, S. A. and Shamim A., 2004. Biological control of plant parasitic nematodes associated with chickpea using oil cakes and Paecilomyces lilacinus. Indian Journal of Nematology, 34: 44-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0323540031000140031 |
| [49] | Xiang, N., Lawrence, K. S., and Donald, P. A., 2018. Biological control potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria suppression of Meloidogyne incognita on cotton and Heterodera glycines on soybean: A review. J. Phytopathol. 166, 449–458. doi: 10.1111/jph.12712. |
| [50] | Zasada, I. A., Halbrendt, J. M., Kokalis-Burelle, N., LaMondia, J., McKenry, M. V., and Noling, J. W., 2010. Managing nematodes without methyl bromide. Annual Review of Phytopathology; 48: 311–328. |
| [51] | Zhou L, Yuen G, Wang Y et al., 2016. Evaluation of bacterial biological control agents for control of root-knot nematode disease on tomato. Crop Prot; 84: 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.12.009 |
| [52] | Ziaul Haque., 2017. Life cycle of root knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.). Aligarh Muslim University. |
APA Style
Belay Feyisa. (2022). Knowledge of Ethiopian Farmers Towards Root Knot Nematodes (RKNs) and the Impact of the Disease in Vegetable Production. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 8(1), 13-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13
ACS Style
Belay Feyisa. Knowledge of Ethiopian Farmers Towards Root Knot Nematodes (RKNs) and the Impact of the Disease in Vegetable Production. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2022, 8(1), 13-18. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13
AMA Style
Belay Feyisa. Knowledge of Ethiopian Farmers Towards Root Knot Nematodes (RKNs) and the Impact of the Disease in Vegetable Production. Front Environ Microbiol. 2022;8(1):13-18. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13,
author = {Belay Feyisa},
title = {Knowledge of Ethiopian Farmers Towards Root Knot Nematodes (RKNs) and the Impact of the Disease in Vegetable Production},
journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {13-18},
doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20220801.13},
abstract = {Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most common vegetable diseases. In warm moist sandy soil, they are the most problematic and damaging. With about 5500 plant hosts, it is an economically important obligatory plant parasite. They have a significant impact on important crops around the world, such as vegetables, fruits, and cereal harvests. In most cases, nematode damage to crops is not easily visible, and it is often obscured by the many other factors that limit plant growth. Much of the harm produced by nematodes remains unnoticed or is mistaken for other reasons such fungal infection, water stress, or other physiological diseases, and by the time the disease is discovered, the damage to crops has already been done. A key hindrance to the preservation of vegetable crops is a lack of understanding among farmers about the challenges created by root knot nematodes, as well as ineffective management measures to tackle the threat. Except for a few investors, almost all Ethiopian farmers are unaware of the relevance of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Plant parasitic nematodes not only have a direct impact on agricultural crops, but they also have an indirect impact by exposing the host plant to secondary infection and causing disease complexity in the affected plants. As a result, when compared to other infections, root knot nematode control is extremely challenging. As a result, farmers should receive training and awareness of PPN signs and assaults from the relevant body.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Knowledge of Ethiopian Farmers Towards Root Knot Nematodes (RKNs) and the Impact of the Disease in Vegetable Production AU - Belay Feyisa Y1 - 2022/05/12 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13 DO - 10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13 T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology JF - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology JO - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology SP - 13 EP - 18 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2469-8067 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20220801.13 AB - Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are one of the most common vegetable diseases. In warm moist sandy soil, they are the most problematic and damaging. With about 5500 plant hosts, it is an economically important obligatory plant parasite. They have a significant impact on important crops around the world, such as vegetables, fruits, and cereal harvests. In most cases, nematode damage to crops is not easily visible, and it is often obscured by the many other factors that limit plant growth. Much of the harm produced by nematodes remains unnoticed or is mistaken for other reasons such fungal infection, water stress, or other physiological diseases, and by the time the disease is discovered, the damage to crops has already been done. A key hindrance to the preservation of vegetable crops is a lack of understanding among farmers about the challenges created by root knot nematodes, as well as ineffective management measures to tackle the threat. Except for a few investors, almost all Ethiopian farmers are unaware of the relevance of plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs). Plant parasitic nematodes not only have a direct impact on agricultural crops, but they also have an indirect impact by exposing the host plant to secondary infection and causing disease complexity in the affected plants. As a result, when compared to other infections, root knot nematode control is extremely challenging. As a result, farmers should receive training and awareness of PPN signs and assaults from the relevant body. VL - 8 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: