<i>In vitro</i> Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides

Ubogu Monday; Akponah Ejiro; Ogbaran Dickson Solomon

doi:doi:10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11

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In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides

Ubogu Monday, Akponah Ejiro, Ogbaran Dickson Solomon

Published in Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 3, Issue 1)

Received: 6 September 2016 Accepted: 1 March 2017 Published: 24 March 2017

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Abstract

The indiscriminate and excessive use of herbicides being witnessed in recent times portends possible danger to environmental and human health. To gage the likely impacts of herbicides onfungal ecosystem services, the influence of three narrow [selective (atrazine, butachlor and 2,4-D)] and two broad [non-selective (glyphosate and paraquat)] spectrum herbicides at various concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% v/v on the radial mycelial extension growth, mycelial extension growth rate, percentage mycelial growth inhibition and minimum sporulation time of four common soil fungi, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma viride and Penicillium sp. were investigated on PDA plates for a period of 96 h at 30 ± 2°C (room temperature). The radial mycelial extension growth of fungi decreased with increased concentrations of the herbicides except for T. viride where atrazine did not show any significant difference among all the concentrations tested (P≤0.05). The fastest mycelia extension growth rate for all fungi was recorded in Atrazine at the highest concentration tested, with T. viride being the fastest at 0.44 mm h^-1. At 1% v/v, save for atrazine, all the herbicides inhibited at least 66% mycelial growth with 2,4-D showing a 100% inhibition. The minimum sporulation time for all fungi in the presence of the herbicides was 48 h. There was no sporulation in A. flavus and T. viride in presence of paraquat and 2,4-D above 0.1% v/v concentration within the 96 h of investigation. The results of this study suggest that indiscriminate and excessive use of herbicides could negatively affect ecosystem function.

Published in	Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology (Volume 3, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11
Page(s)	1-8
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Herbicide, Mycelia Growth, Soil Fungi, Sporulation

References

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[4]	Barnett, H. L. and Hunter, B. B. (1972). Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi. Third edit. New York: Burgess, 225 p. ISBN 978-08-087-0266-5.
[5]	Humber, R. A. (2005). Entomopathogenic Fungal Identification. USDA-ARS PlantProtection Research Unit US Plant, Soil & Nutrition Laboratory. Tower Road Ithaca, NY14853-2901, USA.
[6]	Ellis, D., Davis, S., Alexiou, H., Handke, R., Bartley, R. (2007). Descriptions of MedicalFungi.2nd Edition. Mycology Unit Women’s and Children’s Hospital North Adelaide5006 Australia.
[7]	Zain, N. M. M., Mohamad, R. B., Sijam, K. Morshed, M. M. and Awang, Y. (2013). Effectofselected herbicides in vitro and in soil on growth and development of soil fungi fromoil palm plantation. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 15: 820‒826.
[8]	Ubogu, M., Akponah, E. and Ejukonemu, F. E. (2015). Growth assessment of threecommon soil fungi (Trichoderma viride, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp.) onformulated culture medium. Mycopath. 13 (2): 71-80.
[9]	Bollen, W. B. (1961). Interaction between pesticides and soil microorganisms. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 15: 69–92.
[10]	Hattori, T. (1973). Microbial Life in the Soil: An Introduction. Marcel Dekker, NewYork USA.
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[12]	Praveena, R., Naseema, A. and George, S. (2007). Effect of herbicides on Fusariumpallidoroseum – a potential biocontrol agent of water hyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms]. Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 45 (1-2): 55–57.
[13]	Cupula, W. C., Abarcaa, G. H., Vázquezb, R. R., Salmonesa, D. Hernándeza, R. G., Gutiérrezc, E. A. (2014). Response of lignolytic macrofungi to herbicide atrazine: dose-response bioassay. Revista Argentina de Microbiologia. 46 (4): 348-357.
[14]	Rodriguez-Kabana, R., and Curl, E. A., Funderburk, H. H., Jr. (1967). Effect of atrazineongrowth response of Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichoderma viride. Can. J. Microbiol. 13: 1343-1349.
[15]	Abdel-Fattah, H. M., Abdel-Kader, M. I. A. and Hamida, S. (1983). Selective effects oftwo triazine herbicides on Egyptian soil fungi. Mycopathologia. 82: 143–151.
[16]	Abdel-Mallek, A. Y. and Moharram, A. M. (1986). Effect of the herbicide ametryn oncellulose-decomposing fungi in Egyptian soil. Folia Microbiologica. 31: 375–381.
[17]	Dehnet, B., Bodmer, M. and Schuepp, H. (1990). Influence of herbicides on VAmycorrhizal propagation in soil. Symbiosis. 9: 223-227.
[18]	Ray, P. S. and Pandey, A. K. (2008). Deleterious effect of herbicides on water hycainthbiocontrol of agents Neochetina bruchi and Alternaria alternate. Biocontrol Scienceand Technology. 18 (5): 517-526.
[19]	Jaiswal, S., Sawhney, N. and Sawhney, S. (2005). In vitro inhibition of growth and sporulation in Aspergillus niger by lidocaine – a local anaesthetic agent. Current Science. 88 (1): 152-154.
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APA Style

Ubogu Monday, Akponah Ejiro, Ogbaran Dickson Solomon. (2017). In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 3(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11

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ACS Style

Ubogu Monday; Akponah Ejiro; Ogbaran Dickson Solomon. In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2017, 3(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11

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AMA Style

Ubogu Monday, Akponah Ejiro, Ogbaran Dickson Solomon. In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides. Front Environ Microbiol. 2017;3(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11,
  author = {Ubogu Monday and Akponah Ejiro and Ogbaran Dickson Solomon},
  title = {In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20170301.11},
  abstract = {The indiscriminate and excessive use of herbicides being witnessed in recent times portends possible danger to environmental and human health. To gage the likely impacts of herbicides onfungal ecosystem services, the influence of three narrow [selective (atrazine, butachlor and 2,4-D)] and two broad [non-selective (glyphosate and paraquat)] spectrum herbicides at various concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% v/v on the radial mycelial extension growth, mycelial extension growth rate, percentage mycelial growth inhibition and minimum sporulation time of four common soil fungi, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma viride and Penicillium sp. were investigated on PDA plates for a period of 96 h at 30 ± 2°C (room temperature). The radial mycelial extension growth of fungi decreased with increased concentrations of the herbicides except for T. viride where atrazine did not show any significant difference among all the concentrations tested (P≤0.05). The fastest mycelia extension growth rate for all fungi was recorded in Atrazine at the highest concentration tested, with T. viride being the fastest at 0.44 mm h-1. At 1% v/v, save for atrazine, all the herbicides inhibited at least 66% mycelial growth with 2,4-D showing a 100% inhibition. The minimum sporulation time for all fungi in the presence of the herbicides was 48 h. There was no sporulation in A. flavus and T. viride in presence of paraquat and 2,4-D above 0.1% v/v concentration within the 96 h of investigation. The results of this study suggest that indiscriminate and excessive use of herbicides could negatively affect ecosystem function.},
 year = {2017}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides
AU - Ubogu Monday
AU - Akponah Ejiro
AU - Ogbaran Dickson Solomon
Y1 - 2017/03/24
PY - 2017
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11
DO - 10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11
T2 - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JF - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
JO - Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology
SP - 1
EP - 8
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2469-8067
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11
AB - The indiscriminate and excessive use of herbicides being witnessed in recent times portends possible danger to environmental and human health. To gage the likely impacts of herbicides onfungal ecosystem services, the influence of three narrow [selective (atrazine, butachlor and 2,4-D)] and two broad [non-selective (glyphosate and paraquat)] spectrum herbicides at various concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% v/v on the radial mycelial extension growth, mycelial extension growth rate, percentage mycelial growth inhibition and minimum sporulation time of four common soil fungi, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma viride and Penicillium sp. were investigated on PDA plates for a period of 96 h at 30 ± 2°C (room temperature). The radial mycelial extension growth of fungi decreased with increased concentrations of the herbicides except for T. viride where atrazine did not show any significant difference among all the concentrations tested (P≤0.05). The fastest mycelia extension growth rate for all fungi was recorded in Atrazine at the highest concentration tested, with T. viride being the fastest at 0.44 mm h-1. At 1% v/v, save for atrazine, all the herbicides inhibited at least 66% mycelial growth with 2,4-D showing a 100% inhibition. The minimum sporulation time for all fungi in the presence of the herbicides was 48 h. There was no sporulation in A. flavus and T. viride in presence of paraquat and 2,4-D above 0.1% v/v concentration within the 96 h of investigation. The results of this study suggest that indiscriminate and excessive use of herbicides could negatively affect ecosystem function.
VL - 3
IS - 1
ER -

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Author Information

Ubogu Monday

Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Makurdi, Nigeria
Akponah Ejiro

Department of Microbiology, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
Ogbaran Dickson Solomon

Department of Engineering, Production Chemicals Nig. Ltd., Warri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ubogu Monday, Akponah Ejiro, Ogbaran Dickson Solomon. (2017). In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides. Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology, 3(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11

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ACS Style

Ubogu Monday; Akponah Ejiro; Ogbaran Dickson Solomon. In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides. Front. Environ. Microbiol. 2017, 3(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11

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AMA Style

Ubogu Monday, Akponah Ejiro, Ogbaran Dickson Solomon. In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides. Front Environ Microbiol. 2017;3(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11

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@article{10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11,
  author = {Ubogu Monday and Akponah Ejiro and Ogbaran Dickson Solomon},
  title = {In vitro Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Some Common Soil Fungi by Selective and Non-selective Herbicides},
  journal = {Frontiers in Environmental Microbiology},
  volume = {3},
  number = {1},
  pages = {1-8},
  doi = {10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.fem.20170301.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.fem.20170301.11},
  abstract = {The indiscriminate and excessive use of herbicides being witnessed in recent times portends possible danger to environmental and human health. To gage the likely impacts of herbicides onfungal ecosystem services, the influence of three narrow [selective (atrazine, butachlor and 2,4-D)] and two broad [non-selective (glyphosate and paraquat)] spectrum herbicides at various concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5 and 1% v/v on the radial mycelial extension growth, mycelial extension growth rate, percentage mycelial growth inhibition and minimum sporulation time of four common soil fungi, Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Trichoderma viride and Penicillium sp. were investigated on PDA plates for a period of 96 h at 30 ± 2°C (room temperature). The radial mycelial extension growth of fungi decreased with increased concentrations of the herbicides except for T. viride where atrazine did not show any significant difference among all the concentrations tested (P≤0.05). The fastest mycelia extension growth rate for all fungi was recorded in Atrazine at the highest concentration tested, with T. viride being the fastest at 0.44 mm h-1. At 1% v/v, save for atrazine, all the herbicides inhibited at least 66% mycelial growth with 2,4-D showing a 100% inhibition. The minimum sporulation time for all fungi in the presence of the herbicides was 48 h. There was no sporulation in A. flavus and T. viride in presence of paraquat and 2,4-D above 0.1% v/v concentration within the 96 h of investigation. The results of this study suggest that indiscriminate and excessive use of herbicides could negatively affect ecosystem function.},
 year = {2017}
}

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