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Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria

Received: 25 December 2013     Published: 20 February 2014
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Abstract

Background: Hypertension co-existing with Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. However, current evidence has demonstrated the existence of a prolonged, intermediate phase of diabetes termed pre-diabetes in hypertensive patients. Aim: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of pre-diabetes among adult Nigerians with essential hypertension in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study carried out on 320 adult hypertensive Nigerians who were age and sex matched with 320 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic control group at the primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. These patients were screened for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and /or plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after a 75g oral glucose load. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures ≥140/90 mmHg or documented use of antihypertensive medications in a previously diagnosed person with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (33.1%) than control (16.2%) (p= 0.001) with impaired fasting glycaemia ((29.4%) being the more common pattern. The mean fasting plasma glucose of the hypertensive patients (122.4mg/dL±1.7)) was significantly higher than that of the control (91.8mg/dL±2.4) (p=0.000). Similarly, the mean two hours oral glucose load of the hypertensive patients (183.4mg/dL±1.6) was significantly higher than that of the control (161.8mg/dL±1.9)(p=0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown the existence of pre-diabetes among the hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glycaemia being the more common pattern. Screening adult Nigerians with essential hypertension for pre-diabetes should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinic.

Published in European Journal of Preventive Medicine (Volume 2, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
Page(s) 1-8
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adult Hypertension, Nigeria, Pre-Diabetes, Primary Care Clinic

References
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  • APA Style

    Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. (2014). Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. European Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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    ACS Style

    Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh; Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. Eur. J. Prev. Med. 2014, 2(1), 1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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    AMA Style

    Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh, Ndubueze Richard Uchenna. Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria. Eur J Prev Med. 2014;2(1):1-8. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11,
      author = {Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh and Ndubueze Richard Uchenna},
      title = {Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria},
      journal = {European Journal of Preventive Medicine},
      volume = {2},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-8},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejpm.20140201.11},
      abstract = {Background: Hypertension co-existing with Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. However, current evidence has demonstrated the existence of a prolonged, intermediate phase of diabetes termed pre-diabetes in hypertensive patients. Aim: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of pre-diabetes among adult Nigerians with essential hypertension in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study carried out on 320 adult hypertensive Nigerians who were age and sex matched  with 320 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic control group at the primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. These patients were screened for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and /or plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after a 75g oral glucose load. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures ≥140/90 mmHg or documented use of antihypertensive medications in a previously diagnosed person with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (33.1%) than control (16.2%) (p= 0.001) with impaired fasting glycaemia ((29.4%) being the more common pattern.  The mean fasting plasma glucose of the hypertensive patients (122.4mg/dL±1.7)) was significantly higher than that of the control (91.8mg/dL±2.4) (p=0.000). Similarly, the mean two hours oral glucose load of the hypertensive patients (183.4mg/dL±1.6) was significantly higher than that of the control (161.8mg/dL±1.9)(p=0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown the existence of pre-diabetes among the hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glycaemia being the more common pattern. Screening adult Nigerians with essential hypertension for pre-diabetes should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinic.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Magnitude of Pre-Diabetes among Adult Nigerians with Essential Hypertension in a Primary Care Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital in South-Eastern, Nigeria
    AU  - Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh
    AU  - Ndubueze Richard Uchenna
    Y1  - 2014/02/20
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
    T2  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JF  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    JO  - European Journal of Preventive Medicine
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 8
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8230
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejpm.20140201.11
    AB  - Background: Hypertension co-existing with Diabetes mellitus is increasing globally. However, current evidence has demonstrated the existence of a prolonged, intermediate phase of diabetes termed pre-diabetes in hypertensive patients. Aim: This study was designed to determine the magnitude of pre-diabetes among adult Nigerians with essential hypertension in a primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study carried out on 320 adult hypertensive Nigerians who were age and sex matched  with 320 non-hypertensive, non-diabetic control group at the primary care clinic of a tertiary hospital in South-eastern Nigeria. These patients were screened for pre-diabetes. Pre-diabetes was defined as fasting plasma glucose of 100-125 mg/dL and /or plasma glucose level of 140-199 mg/dL two hours after a 75g oral glucose load. Hypertension was defined as systolic and/or diastolic blood pressures ≥140/90 mmHg or documented use of antihypertensive medications in a previously diagnosed person with hypertension. Results: The prevalence of pre-diabetes was significantly higher in hypertensive patients (33.1%) than control (16.2%) (p= 0.001) with impaired fasting glycaemia ((29.4%) being the more common pattern.  The mean fasting plasma glucose of the hypertensive patients (122.4mg/dL±1.7)) was significantly higher than that of the control (91.8mg/dL±2.4) (p=0.000). Similarly, the mean two hours oral glucose load of the hypertensive patients (183.4mg/dL±1.6) was significantly higher than that of the control (161.8mg/dL±1.9)(p=0.001). Conclusion: This study has shown the existence of pre-diabetes among the hypertensive patients with impaired fasting glycaemia being the more common pattern. Screening adult Nigerians with essential hypertension for pre-diabetes should constitute clinical targets for intervention in primary care clinic.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Abia state, Nigeria

  • Department of Family Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo state, Nigeria

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