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Blood Smear and Diagnosis of Anaemia in Children: Experience of the Hematology Laboratory of the Avicenna Hospital in Rabat with Review of the Literature

Received: 27 June 2020     Accepted: 4 August 2020     Published: 13 August 2020
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Abstract

The discovery of anemia in children requires a rigorous approach to determine its etiology. This approach is essentially based on the biological analysis of the haemogram and the blood smear. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the vital interest of the blood smear in the diagnosis of anemia in children and to sensitize clinicians and biologists to the value of an adequate interpretation of the blood count. It is indeed a prospective study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with the Central Hematology Laboratory of the Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat, from May to July 2019. This study involved 100 cases of anemic infants and children who underwent a blood count and a blood smear. Childhood anaemia is predominantly male (56%), the most represented age group is between 1 month and 5 years (34%), according to the Hb rate, moderate anaemia is the most frequent (51%), the type of anaemia most found is 10%, the most common hue abnormality is the presence of annulocytes (37%), the anomalies of the are diverse but the most dominant are the presence of schizocytes (81%) followed by elliptocytes (68%), only basophilic wells are present as intraerythrocytic inclusions (1%). Our results are consistent with those in the literature and illustrate the vital interest of the hematologist in the diagnosis of the child.

Published in European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Volume 6, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13
Page(s) 43-48
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Anaemia, Blood Smear, Child, Erythrocyte Abnormalities, Etiological Diagnosis, Haemogram

References
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[2] Martinaud C, Gaillard T, Gisserot O, De Jauréguiberry JP, Graffin B, Brisou P, et al. L’intérêt de l’examen attentif du frottis sanguin dans le diagnostic des anémies hémolytiques. Ann Biol Clin 2007; 65 (3): 271-6.
[3] Robertson J, Shilkofski N. Le manuel Harriet Lane. 17ème éd. Philadelphie, Pennsylvanie: Mosby; 2005: 337.
[4] Lainey E, Boirie M, Fenneteau O. Hémogramme en pédiatrie: variations physiologiques. Revue Francophone Des Laboratoires Novembre 2009; 416: 49-59.
[5] Binet C, Zandecki M, et al. Hématologie: orientation diagnostic devant une anémie. Paris: Elesevier Masson: 2011.
[6] Haferlach T, Bcher U, Theml H, Diem H. Atlas de poche Hématologie: anomalies des hématies et des plaquettes. 3éme édition. Paris: Lavoisier: 2014.
[7] Cloutier L, René A, Jutras A. La formule sanguine complète. Pratique clinique. Janvier-février 2014; 11 (1): 28-32.
[8] Zandecki M, Ugo V. Morphologie érythrocytaire, principes généraux d’observation, anomalies divers. 2012. Disponible sur: www.hematocell.fr.
[9] Geneviève F, Galoisy A C, Mercier-Bataille D, Wagner-Ballon O, Trimoreau F, Fenneteau O, et al. Revue microscopique du frottis sanguin: propositions du Groupe Francophone d’Hématologie Cellulaire (GFHC). Feuillets de Biologie Mars 2014; 317: 7-16.
[10] Émile C. Démarche diagnostique devant une anémie. OptionBio avril 2009; 20 (416): 19-21.
[11] Lainey E, Fenneteau O. Particularités de la numération formule sanguine et apport de la cytologie en période néonatale. Revue Francophone Des Laboratoires Mars 2018; 500: 36-47.
[12] Lesesve J-F, Fenneteau O, Coppo P, Zini G. Schizocytes: détection, reconnaissance morphologique et automatisée, mesure, interprétation. Biologie Médicale Juin 2013; 8 (2): 1-11.
[13] Zandecki M, Ugo V. Morphologie érythrocytaire: anomalies de forme des GR. Septembre 2012. Disponible sur: www.hematocell.fr.
[14] Fenneteau O. Anomalies morphologiques érythrocytaires. Horizons Hémato Janvier- Février-Mars 2014; 04 (01): 31-34.
[15] Perrin J, Georges A, Morali A, Vigneron C, Lecompte T, Lesesve J-F. Acanthocytes et hypocholestérolémie. Annales de Biologie Clinique Septembre-Octobre 2008; 66 (5): 569-72.
[16] Fenneteau O. Cytologie hématologique en pédiatrique. OptionBio Jeudi 17 décembre 2009; 428: 14-15.
[17] Becheur M, Bouslama B, Slama H, Toumi N E H. Anémie hémolytique auto-immune de l’enfant. Transfusion Clinique et Biologique 2015. 22: 291-298.
[18] Guittonl C. Sphérocytose héréditaire. Horizons Hémato Janvier-Février-Mars 2014; 04; (01): 19-20.
[19] Solis M, Perrin J, Guédenet J-C, Lesesve J-F. Inclusions érythrocytaires après splénectomie: pas seulement des corps de Howell-Jolly !. Ann Biol Clin 2013; 71 (2): 185-9.
[20] Zandecki M, Ugo V. Morphologie érythrocytaire: anomalies de couleur, de contenu, inclusions. Septembre 2012. Disponible sur: www.hematocell.fr.
[21] Ben Hamoudaa H, Mahjouba B, Souaa H, Laradib S, Miledb A, Sfar M T. Expression néonatale d’un trait bêta thalassémique associé à une sphérocytose héréditaire chez deux jumelles monozygotes. Archives de Pédiatrie 2016; xxx: 1-5.
[22] Debray F G, Ilunga S, Brichard B, Chantrain C, Scheiff J M, Vermylen C. Une forme particulière d’anémie constitutionnelle chez un nourrisson de deux mois: l’elliptocytose. Archives de pédiatrie 2005; 12: 163–167.
[23] Zandecki M, Ugo V. Déficit en G6PD, en pyruvate kinase, en pyrimidine 5' nucléotidase. Février 2009. Disponible sur: www.hematocell.fr.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Sophia Kahouli, Azelarab Masrar, Leila Hessissen, Maria Kababri, Amina Kili, et al. (2020). Blood Smear and Diagnosis of Anaemia in Children: Experience of the Hematology Laboratory of the Avicenna Hospital in Rabat with Review of the Literature. European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, 6(3), 43-48. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13

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    ACS Style

    Sophia Kahouli; Azelarab Masrar; Leila Hessissen; Maria Kababri; Amina Kili, et al. Blood Smear and Diagnosis of Anaemia in Children: Experience of the Hematology Laboratory of the Avicenna Hospital in Rabat with Review of the Literature. Eur. J. Clin. Biomed. Sci. 2020, 6(3), 43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13

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    AMA Style

    Sophia Kahouli, Azelarab Masrar, Leila Hessissen, Maria Kababri, Amina Kili, et al. Blood Smear and Diagnosis of Anaemia in Children: Experience of the Hematology Laboratory of the Avicenna Hospital in Rabat with Review of the Literature. Eur J Clin Biomed Sci. 2020;6(3):43-48. doi: 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13,
      author = {Sophia Kahouli and Azelarab Masrar and Leila Hessissen and Maria Kababri and Amina Kili and Mohamed El Khorassani},
      title = {Blood Smear and Diagnosis of Anaemia in Children: Experience of the Hematology Laboratory of the Avicenna Hospital in Rabat with Review of the Literature},
      journal = {European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {43-48},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejcbs.20200603.13},
      abstract = {The discovery of anemia in children requires a rigorous approach to determine its etiology. This approach is essentially based on the biological analysis of the haemogram and the blood smear. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the vital interest of the blood smear in the diagnosis of anemia in children and to sensitize clinicians and biologists to the value of an adequate interpretation of the blood count. It is indeed a prospective study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with the Central Hematology Laboratory of the Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat, from May to July 2019. This study involved 100 cases of anemic infants and children who underwent a blood count and a blood smear. Childhood anaemia is predominantly male (56%), the most represented age group is between 1 month and 5 years (34%), according to the Hb rate, moderate anaemia is the most frequent (51%), the type of anaemia most found is 10%, the most common hue abnormality is the presence of annulocytes (37%), the anomalies of the are diverse but the most dominant are the presence of schizocytes (81%) followed by elliptocytes (68%), only basophilic wells are present as intraerythrocytic inclusions (1%). Our results are consistent with those in the literature and illustrate the vital interest of the hematologist in the diagnosis of the child.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Blood Smear and Diagnosis of Anaemia in Children: Experience of the Hematology Laboratory of the Avicenna Hospital in Rabat with Review of the Literature
    AU  - Sophia Kahouli
    AU  - Azelarab Masrar
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13
    T2  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    JF  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    JO  - European Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences
    SP  - 43
    EP  - 48
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-5005
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejcbs.20200603.13
    AB  - The discovery of anemia in children requires a rigorous approach to determine its etiology. This approach is essentially based on the biological analysis of the haemogram and the blood smear. The aim of our study is to demonstrate the vital interest of the blood smear in the diagnosis of anemia in children and to sensitize clinicians and biologists to the value of an adequate interpretation of the blood count. It is indeed a prospective study conducted at the Department of Pediatrics in collaboration with the Central Hematology Laboratory of the Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat, from May to July 2019. This study involved 100 cases of anemic infants and children who underwent a blood count and a blood smear. Childhood anaemia is predominantly male (56%), the most represented age group is between 1 month and 5 years (34%), according to the Hb rate, moderate anaemia is the most frequent (51%), the type of anaemia most found is 10%, the most common hue abnormality is the presence of annulocytes (37%), the anomalies of the are diverse but the most dominant are the presence of schizocytes (81%) followed by elliptocytes (68%), only basophilic wells are present as intraerythrocytic inclusions (1%). Our results are consistent with those in the literature and illustrate the vital interest of the hematologist in the diagnosis of the child.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Laboratory of Research and Medical Analysis of the Fraternal of the Royal Gendarmerie, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

  • Central Hematology Laboratory, Ibn Sina Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

  • Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Service of Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

  • Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Service of Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

  • Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Service of Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

  • Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Service of Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco

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