| Peer-Reviewed

Assessment of the Erosion Stability of Slopes in Terms of Digression and the Degree of Overgrowth

Received: 30 March 2019     Accepted: 28 May 2019     Published: 25 October 2019
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Agroecological systems of slopes experience stress due to constant dynamic movements, especially on the slopes of high steepness. We have formulated the idea of critical levels in the dynamic process of slope agroecological systems, which is subsequently considered as an indicator of sustainability. When analyzing the dynamic processes on the slopes, we identified the digression of the slope surface under the influence of erosion processes as a critical one. The object of research is the erosion slopes of ravines and gullies in the forest-steppe conditions of the Volga upland. The purpose of the study is to develop parameters for assessing the stability of erosion slopes based on the results of research and analysis of literature sources. Results and discussion. It is proposed to refer to the dynamics changes not only in species composition, but also changes in the degree of degradation in terms of overgrowth of slope areas, allowing to establish the processes of secondary succession as the destruction of the slope surface. According to our concept the changes of species diversity on the erosion slopes may be accompanied by the appearance of alien plants in consequence of the stability, biological diversity and protective functions of the protective forest plantations loss. The number of species may increase, but the erosion slope gradually loses its stability. Quantitative assessment of the degree of overgrowth in terms of undergrowth and their qualitative characteristics give an idea of compliance of the forest conditions on the slope with environmental requirements for self-seeding tree species. It is found that the number of self-seeding on the slopes with increasing stage of digression naturally decreases. The number of self-seeding, compared with seedlings, 2-4 times less, regardless of the degree of digression of the slope. On the control and on the site of stage I of digression, the number of shoots of self-seeding clearly differ, which affects the incidence rate. In other areas, the occurrence is 53 -100%, which confirms the uneven of overgrowing of the slope area.

Published in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology (Volume 4, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13
Page(s) 39-44
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Assessment, Slope, Stability, Digression, Degree of Land Overgrowth, Undergrowth, Self-Seeding

References
[1] Zhukova L. A., Polyanskaya T. A., Ecological diversity of forest and forest plants, forest and forest plants, forest group, boreal and boreal variety // Vestnik of the Kazan state agrarian University, publishing house Federal state budgetary educational institution of higher education, Kazan state agrarian University (Kazan), 2010/, Vol. 15, № 1, p. 140-145.
[2] Danilov-Danilyan V. I. on ecosystem stability // Ecosystems: ecology and dynamics.-2017.-T2.- №1.-S. 5-12.
[3] Mashtakov D. A. The concept of anti-erosion protection of forest plantations in the forest-steppe of the Volga region/ D. A. Mashtakov, A. N. Avtonomov, P. N. Proesdov // Successes of modern natural science. 2018. No. 6. P. 37-42.
[4] Avtonomov A. N. Diagnostics of herbaceous vegetation on the lands of exogenous origin slopes. //Modern problems of science and education. - 2013. - № 6. C. 739-745.
[5] Pimentel D, Burgess M. Soil Erosion Threatens Food Production // Agriculture 2013, 3, 443-463.
[6] Orhan Dengiz, Assessment of Soil Productivity and Erosion Status for the Ankara-Sogulca Catchment Using GIS // International Journal of Soil Science 2007, 2: 15-28.
[7] Titlyanova, A. A., Stability of grassland ecosystems // the Siberian ecological magazine. 2019. - №2.- p. 237-243.
[8] Zhukova L. A., Polyanskaya T. A. On some approaches to the prediction of development prospects of coenopopulations of plants // Vestnik of Tver state University. Series "Biology and ecology". 2013. Vol. 32, N 31. P. 160-171.6. OST 56-69-83. Square test forest inventory: methods bookmarks. - M., 1983. - 11C.
[9] Wardle, D. A.; Bardgett, R. D.; Klironomos, J. N.; Setala, H.; van der Putten, W. H.; Wall, D. H. Ecological Linkages between aboveground and belowground biota. Science 2004, 304, 1629–1633.
[10] Lazaroff, C. Biodiversity Gives Carbon Sinks a Boost. Environment News Service, 13 April 2001. Available online: http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/apr2001/2001-04-13-06.asp (accessed on 12 may 2019).
[11] Walsh, K. N.; Rowe, M. S. Biodiversity Increases Ecosystems’ Ability to Absorb CO2 and Nitrogen.Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2001. Available online: http://www.bnl.gov/bnlweb/pubaf/pr/2001/bnlpr041101.htm (accessed 12 may 2019).
[12] Wright, D. H. Human impacts on energy flow through natural ecosystems, and replications for species endangerment. Ambio 1990, 19, 189–194.
[13] OST 56-69-83. Trial forest management areas. Bookmark method.
[14] Pobedinskii, A. V. the Study of reforestation processes / A. V. pobedinskii. - M., Science, 1966. - 64 p.
[15] Pak, L. N., Bobrinev V. P. Diagnostics of the vitality of the undergrowth of Pine Krylov on burned in tsasucheisky Boru// the Successes of modern science. - 2014. No. 9 (part 1) – P. 103-106 URL: http://natural-sciences.ru/ru/article/view?id=34198 (date accessed: 19.02.2019).
[16] Alekseev, V. A. Diagnostics of the vital state of trees and tree stands [Text] / V. A. Alekseev // Forest science. - 1989. - №4. - p. 51-57.
[17] Nemchenko V. A. The influence of the steepness and the exposure of the slope on the structure and dynamics of forest-steppe upland oak forests of the "Forest on Vorskla" reserve "Belogorie" // Proceedings of the international scientific and practical conference dedicated to the 130th anniversary of the birth of V. Alekhine Kursk-reserved village (15 – 18 January 2012) – Kursk. 2012. P. 126–131.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Dmitriy Mashtakov, Alexey Avtonomov. (2019). Assessment of the Erosion Stability of Slopes in Terms of Digression and the Degree of Overgrowth. Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, 4(3), 39-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Dmitriy Mashtakov; Alexey Avtonomov. Assessment of the Erosion Stability of Slopes in Terms of Digression and the Degree of Overgrowth. Ecol. Evol. Biol. 2019, 4(3), 39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Dmitriy Mashtakov, Alexey Avtonomov. Assessment of the Erosion Stability of Slopes in Terms of Digression and the Degree of Overgrowth. Ecol Evol Biol. 2019;4(3):39-44. doi: 10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13,
      author = {Dmitriy Mashtakov and Alexey Avtonomov},
      title = {Assessment of the Erosion Stability of Slopes in Terms of Digression and the Degree of Overgrowth},
      journal = {Ecology and Evolutionary Biology},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {39-44},
      doi = {10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eeb.20190403.13},
      abstract = {Agroecological systems of slopes experience stress due to constant dynamic movements, especially on the slopes of high steepness. We have formulated the idea of critical levels in the dynamic process of slope agroecological systems, which is subsequently considered as an indicator of sustainability. When analyzing the dynamic processes on the slopes, we identified the digression of the slope surface under the influence of erosion processes as a critical one. The object of research is the erosion slopes of ravines and gullies in the forest-steppe conditions of the Volga upland. The purpose of the study is to develop parameters for assessing the stability of erosion slopes based on the results of research and analysis of literature sources. Results and discussion. It is proposed to refer to the dynamics changes not only in species composition, but also changes in the degree of degradation in terms of overgrowth of slope areas, allowing to establish the processes of secondary succession as the destruction of the slope surface. According to our concept the changes of species diversity on the erosion slopes may be accompanied by the appearance of alien plants in consequence of the stability, biological diversity and protective functions of the protective forest plantations loss. The number of species may increase, but the erosion slope gradually loses its stability. Quantitative assessment of the degree of overgrowth in terms of undergrowth and their qualitative characteristics give an idea of compliance of the forest conditions on the slope with environmental requirements for self-seeding tree species. It is found that the number of self-seeding on the slopes with increasing stage of digression naturally decreases. The number of self-seeding, compared with seedlings, 2-4 times less, regardless of the degree of digression of the slope. On the control and on the site of stage I of digression, the number of shoots of self-seeding clearly differ, which affects the incidence rate. In other areas, the occurrence is 53 -100%, which confirms the uneven of overgrowing of the slope area.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Assessment of the Erosion Stability of Slopes in Terms of Digression and the Degree of Overgrowth
    AU  - Dmitriy Mashtakov
    AU  - Alexey Avtonomov
    Y1  - 2019/10/25
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13
    T2  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    JF  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    JO  - Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
    SP  - 39
    EP  - 44
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-3762
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eeb.20190403.13
    AB  - Agroecological systems of slopes experience stress due to constant dynamic movements, especially on the slopes of high steepness. We have formulated the idea of critical levels in the dynamic process of slope agroecological systems, which is subsequently considered as an indicator of sustainability. When analyzing the dynamic processes on the slopes, we identified the digression of the slope surface under the influence of erosion processes as a critical one. The object of research is the erosion slopes of ravines and gullies in the forest-steppe conditions of the Volga upland. The purpose of the study is to develop parameters for assessing the stability of erosion slopes based on the results of research and analysis of literature sources. Results and discussion. It is proposed to refer to the dynamics changes not only in species composition, but also changes in the degree of degradation in terms of overgrowth of slope areas, allowing to establish the processes of secondary succession as the destruction of the slope surface. According to our concept the changes of species diversity on the erosion slopes may be accompanied by the appearance of alien plants in consequence of the stability, biological diversity and protective functions of the protective forest plantations loss. The number of species may increase, but the erosion slope gradually loses its stability. Quantitative assessment of the degree of overgrowth in terms of undergrowth and their qualitative characteristics give an idea of compliance of the forest conditions on the slope with environmental requirements for self-seeding tree species. It is found that the number of self-seeding on the slopes with increasing stage of digression naturally decreases. The number of self-seeding, compared with seedlings, 2-4 times less, regardless of the degree of digression of the slope. On the control and on the site of stage I of digression, the number of shoots of self-seeding clearly differ, which affects the incidence rate. In other areas, the occurrence is 53 -100%, which confirms the uneven of overgrowing of the slope area.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Agricultural Sciences, Saratov State Agrarian University N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia

  • Biological Sciences, Saratov State Agrarian University N. I. Vavilov, Saratov, Russia

  • Sections