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Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Mortality (Under Age One): Reported by Mothers of Reproductive Age in Punjab, Pakistan

Published in Economics (Volume 8, Issue 4)
Received: 29 August 2019     Accepted: 31 October 2019     Published: 14 November 2019
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Abstract

The future of a nation lies in the hands of its children. Health of children should be the first priority of a nation. It is an indicator of social and economic development. Pakistan falls among high child mortality rate countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the socioeconomic determinants of child mortality in the Punjab. For this purpose, the study obtains data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2014), conducted by Punjab Bureau of statistics. The data were collected with the help of well-designed three questionnaires from 38,405 households of Punjab. The STATA is used to apply Logistic model to determine the factors affecting child mortality. The dependent variable is dichotomous in nature based on this question “Have you ever given birth to a boy or girl who was born alive but later died?” and response is either yes or no. According to the empirical results of the study, area of residence, source of drinking water, women ever attended school and their level of education, women media awareness, women smoking and wealth quintiles are important socioeconomic determinants of child mortality. But comparatively, wealth quintiles have greater influence on reducing child mortality. The study suggests some policies to improve the situation, e.g., allocation of more budget for health, initiative of health care programs for women and infant, particularly in rural areas of Punjab.

Published in Economics (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.eco.20190804.13
Page(s) 142-148
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Infant, Poverty, Household, Logistic Regression, Poverty Status and Poverty Factors

References
[1] Agha, S. (2000). The Determinants of Infant Mortality in Pakistan. Socail Science and Medicine, 51, 199-208.
[2] Al jumaily, H. F., Al-Amin, M. M., & Hantush, M. M. (2013). Infant Mortality rate in Al-Ramadi Province from 2000 through 2010, retrospective study. Health, 5 (2), 292-297.
[3] Chowdhury, Q. H., Islam, R., & Hossain, K. (2010). Socioeconomic Determinants of Neonatal, Postnatal, Infant and Child Mortality. International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology, 2 (6), 118-125.
[4] Clark, S., Bruce, J., & Dude, A. (2006). Protecting Young Women from HIV/AIDS: The case against Child and Adolscent Marriage. International Family Planning Perspective, 32 (2), 79-88.
[5] Economic Adviser's Wing, F. D. (2016-2107). Pakistan Economic Survey. Islamabad: Economic Adviser's Wing, Finance Division, Government of Pakistan. Retrieved from http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_17/Pakistan_ES_2016_17_pdf.
[6] Harttgen, K., & Misselhorn, M. (2006). A Multilevel Approach to Explain Child Mortality and Undernutrition in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Ibero America Institute for Economic Research Discussion Paper No. 152.
[7] Hammer, J., & Spears, D. (2016). Village sanitation and child health: Effects and external validity in arandomized field experiment in rural India. Journal of Health Economics, 48, 135–148.
[8] Hossain, B. (2015). Women Empowerment and Infant Mortality in Bangladesh. Journal of Developing Areas.
[9] Molitoris, J. (2017). Disparities in death: Inequality in Cause-Specific Infant and Child Mortality in Stockholm, 1878-1926. Demographic Research, 455-500.
[10] Mustafa, H. E., & Odimegwu, C. (2008). Socioeconomic Determinants of Infant Mortality in Kenya: Analysis of Kenya DHS 2003. Journal of Humanities and Socail Science, 2 (2).
[11] PMNCH. (2012). Reaching Child Brides. PMNCH Knowledge Summary #22. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/pmnch/topics/part_publications/KS22_Standalone_low.pdf
[12] Punjab, G. o. (2015). Punjab Health Sector Plan 2018: Building a Healthier Punjab. Lahore: Government of Punjab. Retrieved from http://www.pndpunjab.gov.pk/system/files/Punjab_Health_Sector_Plan_2018_0.pdf
[13] Shapiro, D., & Teniku, M. (2017). Women's Education, Infant and Child Mortality, and Fertility decline in Urban and Rural Sub-Saharan Africa. Demographic Research, 669-708.
[14] UN (2007). The Millennium Development Goals Report. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs DESA.
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  • APA Style

    Daud Rafique, Muhammad Ali Bhatti, Isaac Shahzad, Suleman Shaukat. (2019). Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Mortality (Under Age One): Reported by Mothers of Reproductive Age in Punjab, Pakistan. Economics, 8(4), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20190804.13

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    ACS Style

    Daud Rafique; Muhammad Ali Bhatti; Isaac Shahzad; Suleman Shaukat. Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Mortality (Under Age One): Reported by Mothers of Reproductive Age in Punjab, Pakistan. Economics. 2019, 8(4), 142-148. doi: 10.11648/j.eco.20190804.13

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    AMA Style

    Daud Rafique, Muhammad Ali Bhatti, Isaac Shahzad, Suleman Shaukat. Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Mortality (Under Age One): Reported by Mothers of Reproductive Age in Punjab, Pakistan. Economics. 2019;8(4):142-148. doi: 10.11648/j.eco.20190804.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.eco.20190804.13,
      author = {Daud Rafique and Muhammad Ali Bhatti and Isaac Shahzad and Suleman Shaukat},
      title = {Socioeconomic Determinants of Child Mortality (Under Age One): Reported by Mothers of Reproductive Age in Punjab, Pakistan},
      journal = {Economics},
      volume = {8},
      number = {4},
      pages = {142-148},
      doi = {10.11648/j.eco.20190804.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.eco.20190804.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.eco.20190804.13},
      abstract = {The future of a nation lies in the hands of its children. Health of children should be the first priority of a nation. It is an indicator of social and economic development. Pakistan falls among high child mortality rate countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the socioeconomic determinants of child mortality in the Punjab. For this purpose, the study obtains data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2014), conducted by Punjab Bureau of statistics. The data were collected with the help of well-designed three questionnaires from 38,405 households of Punjab. The STATA is used to apply Logistic model to determine the factors affecting child mortality. The dependent variable is dichotomous in nature based on this question “Have you ever given birth to a boy or girl who was born alive but later died?” and response is either yes or no. According to the empirical results of the study, area of residence, source of drinking water, women ever attended school and their level of education, women media awareness, women smoking and wealth quintiles are important socioeconomic determinants of child mortality. But comparatively, wealth quintiles have greater influence on reducing child mortality. The study suggests some policies to improve the situation, e.g., allocation of more budget for health, initiative of health care programs for women and infant, particularly in rural areas of Punjab.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    AU  - Daud Rafique
    AU  - Muhammad Ali Bhatti
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    AB  - The future of a nation lies in the hands of its children. Health of children should be the first priority of a nation. It is an indicator of social and economic development. Pakistan falls among high child mortality rate countries. The aim of this paper is to assess the socioeconomic determinants of child mortality in the Punjab. For this purpose, the study obtains data from Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (2014), conducted by Punjab Bureau of statistics. The data were collected with the help of well-designed three questionnaires from 38,405 households of Punjab. The STATA is used to apply Logistic model to determine the factors affecting child mortality. The dependent variable is dichotomous in nature based on this question “Have you ever given birth to a boy or girl who was born alive but later died?” and response is either yes or no. According to the empirical results of the study, area of residence, source of drinking water, women ever attended school and their level of education, women media awareness, women smoking and wealth quintiles are important socioeconomic determinants of child mortality. But comparatively, wealth quintiles have greater influence on reducing child mortality. The study suggests some policies to improve the situation, e.g., allocation of more budget for health, initiative of health care programs for women and infant, particularly in rural areas of Punjab.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Economics, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Department of Economics, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

  • Department of Economics, Forman Christian College, Lahore, Pakistan

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