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Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock

Received: 11 August 2021     Accepted: 23 August 2021     Published: 7 September 2021
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Abstract

Low quality lipids such as soyabeanrsoapstock, a by-product of vegetable oil processing can be used as a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high yield capacity, availability, and low cost. Sodium hydroxide and methanol were used as catalyst and solvent respectively while n–hexane was added as a co-solvent. Kinetics of the transesterification reaction mechanismfor soyabeansoapstock with and without co-solvent (n-hexane) was carried out using models proposed by Singh & Fernando, (2007) to determine the reaction order and rate constant at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). Similar rate constants were obtained (with and without co-solvent) though with slightly different R2 values showing that n-hexane does not distort the chemistry of the reaction. Negative and very low R2 values obtained at temperatures 45°C and 65°C further affirms 55°C as the optimum temperature for the reaction. An activation energy of 74 KJ/mol and frequency factor of 2.9 was also obtained. Findings from the studyshows that soyabeansoapstock is a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and n-hexane was a suitable co-solvent in the transesterification of low quality lipids (soyabean soap stock). A rate constant of 0.0008 min-1 and reaction order of 2 was obtained for the transesterification reaction.

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
Page(s) 198-206
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biodiesel, Kinetics, Rate Constant, Soyabeansoapstock

References
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[2] Choudhury, H. A., Srivastava, P &Moholkar, V. S (2014). Single-step ultrasonic synthesis of biodiesel from crude Jatrophacuraes oil. American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal. 60: pp 1572-1581.
[3] Darnoko, D & Cheryan, M (2000). Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society. 77 (12): pp 1263.
[4] Encinar, J. M., Pardal, A & Sanchez, N. (2016). An improvement to the transesterification process by the use of co-solvents to produce biodiesel fuel. 60: pp 1572-1581.
[5] Esonye, C., Onukwuli, O. D & Ofoefule, A. U (2019). Optimization of methyl ester production from Prunus Amygdalus seed oil using response surface methodology and artificial neural networks. Renewable Energy. 130: pp 61-72.
[6] Esonye, C., Onukwuli, O. D & Ofoefule, A. U (2019). Chemical kinetics of a two-step transesterification of dyacrodesedulis seed oil using acid-alkali catalyst. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 145: pp 245-257.
[7] Faruque, M. O., Razzak, S. A &Hossain, M. M. (2020). Application of heterogenous catalysts for biodiesel production from microalgal oil. Catalysts. 10 (25): pp 1-25.
[8] Furyta, S., Matsuhashi, H., Arata, K. (2004) Catalysis Communications. 5 (721).
[9] Ramadhas, A. S., Jayaraj, S &Muraleedharan, C. (2005). Biodiesel production from high FFA rubber seed oil. Fuel. 84 (4): pp 335–340.
[10] Ganesan, D., Rajendran, A. &Thangavelu, V (2009). An overview on the recent advances in the transesterification of vegetable oils for biodiesel production using chemical and biocatalysts. Rev Environ SciBiotechnol. 8: pp 367.
[11] Hoda, N. (2010). Optimization of biodiesel production from cottonseed oil by transesterification using NaOH and methanol. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. 32 (5): pp 434-441.
[12] Ling, Gu., Wei, H., Shaokun, T., Songjiang, T & Xiangwen, Z (2015). A novel deep eutectic solvent for biodiesel preparation using a homogenous base catalyst. Chemical Engineering journal. 259: pp 647-652.
[13] Ma, F., Hanna, M. A (1999) Biodiesel production: areview. Bioresour Technol. 70: pp 1–15.
[14] Noureddini, H &Zhu, D. (1997). Kinetics of transesterification of soybean oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 74: pp 1457-1463.
[15] Patil, P., Gude, V. G., Pinappu, S & Deng, S (2011). Transesterification kinetics of camelina sativa oil on metal oxide catalysts under conventional and microwave heating conditions. Chemical Engineering Journal. 168: pp 1296–1300.
[16] Permsuwan, A., Tippayawong, N., Tanongkiata, T., Thararux, C &Wangkarn J. (2011). Reaction kinetics of transesterification between palm oil and methanol under subcritical conditions. Energy. Technol. 2: pp 35-42.
[17] Singh, A. K., Fernando, S. D (2007). Reaction Kinetics of Soybean Oil Transesterification Using Heterogeneous Metal Oxide Catalysts. Chem. Eng. Technol. 30 (12): pp 1716–1720.
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Esonye, Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. (2021). Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sciences, 10(5), 198-206. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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    ACS Style

    Chinedu Gabriel Mbah; Chizoo Esonye; Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sci. 2021, 10(5), 198-206. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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    AMA Style

    Chinedu Gabriel Mbah, Chizoo Esonye, Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli. Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock. Earth Sci. 2021;10(5):198-206. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11,
      author = {Chinedu Gabriel Mbah and Chizoo Esonye and Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli},
      title = {Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock},
      journal = {Earth Sciences},
      volume = {10},
      number = {5},
      pages = {198-206},
      doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20211005.11},
      abstract = {Low quality lipids such as soyabeanrsoapstock, a by-product of vegetable oil processing can be used as a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high yield capacity, availability, and low cost. Sodium hydroxide and methanol were used as catalyst and solvent respectively while n–hexane was added as a co-solvent. Kinetics of the transesterification reaction mechanismfor soyabeansoapstock with and without co-solvent (n-hexane) was carried out using models proposed by Singh & Fernando, (2007) to determine the reaction order and rate constant at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). Similar rate constants were obtained (with and without co-solvent) though with slightly different R2 values showing that n-hexane does not distort the chemistry of the reaction. Negative and very low R2 values obtained at temperatures 45°C and 65°C further affirms 55°C as the optimum temperature for the reaction. An activation energy of 74 KJ/mol and frequency factor of 2.9 was also obtained. Findings from the studyshows that soyabeansoapstock is a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and n-hexane was a suitable co-solvent in the transesterification of low quality lipids (soyabean soap stock). A rate constant of 0.0008 min-1 and reaction order of 2 was obtained for the transesterification reaction.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Kinetics of Biodiesel Production from Soya Bean Soap Stock
    AU  - Chinedu Gabriel Mbah
    AU  - Chizoo Esonye
    AU  - Dominic Okechukwu Onukwuli
    Y1  - 2021/09/07
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
    T2  - Earth Sciences
    JF  - Earth Sciences
    JO  - Earth Sciences
    SP  - 198
    EP  - 206
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5982
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20211005.11
    AB  - Low quality lipids such as soyabeanrsoapstock, a by-product of vegetable oil processing can be used as a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel due to its high yield capacity, availability, and low cost. Sodium hydroxide and methanol were used as catalyst and solvent respectively while n–hexane was added as a co-solvent. Kinetics of the transesterification reaction mechanismfor soyabeansoapstock with and without co-solvent (n-hexane) was carried out using models proposed by Singh & Fernando, (2007) to determine the reaction order and rate constant at different temperatures (45°C, 55°C and 65°C). Similar rate constants were obtained (with and without co-solvent) though with slightly different R2 values showing that n-hexane does not distort the chemistry of the reaction. Negative and very low R2 values obtained at temperatures 45°C and 65°C further affirms 55°C as the optimum temperature for the reaction. An activation energy of 74 KJ/mol and frequency factor of 2.9 was also obtained. Findings from the studyshows that soyabeansoapstock is a viable feedstock for the production of biodiesel and n-hexane was a suitable co-solvent in the transesterification of low quality lipids (soyabean soap stock). A rate constant of 0.0008 min-1 and reaction order of 2 was obtained for the transesterification reaction.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu Alike Ikwo, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria

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