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Geophagic Clayey Materials of Sabga Locality (North West Cameroon): Genesis and Medical Interest

Received: 10 January 2019     Accepted: 14 February 2019     Published: 6 March 2019
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Abstract

Geophagia, the deliberate ingestion of clayey materials, is a complex eating behaviour with obscure etiology and numerous health/medical problems. Geological, mineralogical and geochemical studies were carried out on Sabga geophagic clayey materials located within a trachyte Bamenda mountain, about 16 km east of Bamenda town (North West Cameroon), in order to define the genesis, and its medical interest. Four (04) samples were characterized by different techniques: description of outcrops and pits, particle size distribution by laser dispersion, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Scanning electron microscopy and bulk chemical analyses. The main clay minerals were smectite (49-60%) and kaolinite (4-6%). The other major minerals are quartz (19-34%), feldspar (6-12%), goethite (3-6%), and hematite (1-3%). The average particle diameter varied from 2 to 9 μm. Results from the different analytical techniques point out a meteoric weathering of feldspar as petrogenetic origin of geophagic clayey materials. Smectite and kaolinite, which are the main desirable minerals components of the geophagic clayey materials, were geochemically derived from surrounding trachytes. However the presence of crystalline silica (quartz) up to 2% limits the application of some Sabga geophagic clayey materials for pharmaceutical clays. The high radioactive (Th, U), carcinogenic (Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni) and teratogenic (or birth defects) (Cu, Zn, Pb) elements contents in some Sabga geophagic clayey materials implied some pretreatment.

Published in Earth Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14
Page(s) 45-59
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Geophagic Clayey Materials, Meteoric Weathering, Sabga, Trachyte

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    Elvis Duplex Kenne Kalguem, Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong, Daniel Njopwouo, Christel Sobdjou Kemteu, Georges Ivo Ekosse. (2019). Geophagic Clayey Materials of Sabga Locality (North West Cameroon): Genesis and Medical Interest. Earth Sciences, 8(1), 45-59. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14

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    Elvis Duplex Kenne Kalguem; Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong; Daniel Njopwouo; Christel Sobdjou Kemteu; Georges Ivo Ekosse. Geophagic Clayey Materials of Sabga Locality (North West Cameroon): Genesis and Medical Interest. Earth Sci. 2019, 8(1), 45-59. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14

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    Elvis Duplex Kenne Kalguem, Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong, Daniel Njopwouo, Christel Sobdjou Kemteu, Georges Ivo Ekosse. Geophagic Clayey Materials of Sabga Locality (North West Cameroon): Genesis and Medical Interest. Earth Sci. 2019;8(1):45-59. doi: 10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14,
      author = {Elvis Duplex Kenne Kalguem and Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong and Daniel Njopwouo and Christel Sobdjou Kemteu and Georges Ivo Ekosse},
      title = {Geophagic Clayey Materials of Sabga Locality (North West Cameroon): Genesis and Medical Interest},
      journal = {Earth Sciences},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {45-59},
      doi = {10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.earth.20190801.14},
      abstract = {Geophagia, the deliberate ingestion of clayey materials, is a complex eating behaviour with obscure etiology and numerous health/medical problems. Geological, mineralogical and geochemical studies were carried out on Sabga geophagic clayey materials located within a trachyte Bamenda mountain, about 16 km east of Bamenda town (North West Cameroon), in order to define the genesis, and its medical interest. Four (04) samples were characterized by different techniques: description of outcrops and pits, particle size distribution by laser dispersion, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Scanning electron microscopy and bulk chemical analyses. The main clay minerals were smectite (49-60%) and kaolinite (4-6%). The other major minerals are quartz (19-34%), feldspar (6-12%), goethite (3-6%), and hematite (1-3%). The average particle diameter varied from 2 to 9 μm. Results from the different analytical techniques point out a meteoric weathering of feldspar as petrogenetic origin of geophagic clayey materials. Smectite and kaolinite, which are the main desirable minerals components of the geophagic clayey materials, were geochemically derived from surrounding trachytes. However the presence of crystalline silica (quartz) up to 2% limits the application of some Sabga geophagic clayey materials for pharmaceutical clays. The high radioactive (Th, U), carcinogenic (Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni) and teratogenic (or birth defects) (Cu, Zn, Pb) elements contents in some Sabga geophagic clayey materials implied some pretreatment.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Geophagic Clayey Materials of Sabga Locality (North West Cameroon): Genesis and Medical Interest
    AU  - Elvis Duplex Kenne Kalguem
    AU  - Armand Sylvain Ludovic Wouatong
    AU  - Daniel Njopwouo
    AU  - Christel Sobdjou Kemteu
    AU  - Georges Ivo Ekosse
    Y1  - 2019/03/06
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14
    T2  - Earth Sciences
    JF  - Earth Sciences
    JO  - Earth Sciences
    SP  - 45
    EP  - 59
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5982
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.earth.20190801.14
    AB  - Geophagia, the deliberate ingestion of clayey materials, is a complex eating behaviour with obscure etiology and numerous health/medical problems. Geological, mineralogical and geochemical studies were carried out on Sabga geophagic clayey materials located within a trachyte Bamenda mountain, about 16 km east of Bamenda town (North West Cameroon), in order to define the genesis, and its medical interest. Four (04) samples were characterized by different techniques: description of outcrops and pits, particle size distribution by laser dispersion, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, Scanning electron microscopy and bulk chemical analyses. The main clay minerals were smectite (49-60%) and kaolinite (4-6%). The other major minerals are quartz (19-34%), feldspar (6-12%), goethite (3-6%), and hematite (1-3%). The average particle diameter varied from 2 to 9 μm. Results from the different analytical techniques point out a meteoric weathering of feldspar as petrogenetic origin of geophagic clayey materials. Smectite and kaolinite, which are the main desirable minerals components of the geophagic clayey materials, were geochemically derived from surrounding trachytes. However the presence of crystalline silica (quartz) up to 2% limits the application of some Sabga geophagic clayey materials for pharmaceutical clays. The high radioactive (Th, U), carcinogenic (Cr, Cu, Pb, Ni) and teratogenic (or birth defects) (Cu, Zn, Pb) elements contents in some Sabga geophagic clayey materials implied some pretreatment.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

  • Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

  • Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Laboratoire de Traitement Des Minerais, Institut De Recherches Géologiques Et Minières, Yaoundé, Cameroon

  • Directorate of Research and Innovation, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, South Africa

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