| Peer-Reviewed

Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Changes in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients

Received: 6 April 2021     Accepted: 22 April 2021     Published: 8 May 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

High blood pressure is a major cardiovascular risk factor. It has repercussions on the heart, which can be easily assessed by non-invasive examinations. The objective of this study was to describe electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in hypertensive patients under follow up at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital, (Cameroon). The study was analytical and cross-sectional in nature. It was carried out at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital (Cameroon). All known adult hypertensive patients who had a resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography done during their follow up were included in the study. The study population consisted of 200 hypertensive patients. The mean age of the patients was 59±1.6 years with extremes of 25 and 85 years. Of all the ECGs performed, a total of 94% had abnormal findings. The most frequent electrocardiographic abnormalities were cardiac arrhythmias (53.5%), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (22%). Overall, 91% of the cardiac echography performed had abnormal findings most of which were ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and left atrial enlargement. In conclusion: a wide variety of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are diagnosed in the hypertensive patient in our environnement. None of them should be neglected. They all present, although to varying degrees, an interest in the orientation and organization of the therapeutic strategy of patients with hypertension. The use of ECG and echocardiography for this purpose should be encouraged in resource-limited areas.

Published in Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11
Page(s) 57-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

ECG Abnormalities, Echocardiographic Abnormalities, Hypertension, Cameroon

References
[1] Abu-Saad, Chetrit A, Eilat- Adar S, Alpert G, Atama A, Gilon-Keren M et al. Blood Pressure Level and Hypertension Awareness and Control Differ by Marital Status, Sex, and Ethnicity: A Population-Based Study. Am J Hypertens. 2014; 27 (12), 1511-20.
[2] Katte J-C, Dzudie A, Sobgnwi E, Mbong EN, Festse GT, Kouam Koouam C, Kengne AP Coincidence of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in a semi-urban Cameroonian population: a cross sectional study. BMC Public Health 14; (2014), 696.
[3] Wang J, Zhang L, Wang F, Liu L, Wang H. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: results from a national survey. Am J Hypertens. 2014; 27 (11), 1355-61.
[4] Arabzadeh S, Sadeghi M, Rabiei K, Sarrafzadegan N, Taheri L, Golshani J. Determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in Iranian population. ARYA Atheroscler. 2014; 10 (1), 25-31.
[5] Global Atlas on the Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease. Mendis S, Pushka P, Norrving B Editors. World Health Organization, Geneva, 2011.
[6] Chatterjee S, Bavishi C, Sardar P, Agarwal V, Krishnamoorthy P, Grodzicki T, et al. Meta-analysis of left ventricular hypertrophy and sustained arrhythmias. Am J Cardiol 2014; 1,114: 1049-52.
[7] Haider AW, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Increased left ventricular mass and hypertrophy are associated with increased risk for sudden death. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998; 32: 1454-9.
[8] Marwick TH, Gillebert TC, Aurigemma G, Chirinos J, Derumeaux G, Galderisi M et al. Recommandations on the Use of Echocardiograhy in Adult Hypertension: A Report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2015; 28: 727-54.
[9] Mitchell C, Rahko PS, Blauwet LA, Canaday B, Finstuen JA, Forster MC, Horton K, Ogunyankin KO, Palma RA, Velazquez EJ. Guidelines for Performing o Comprehensive Transthoracic Echocardiographic Examination in Adults. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2019; Jan; 32 (1): 1-64.
[10] Gardin JM,, Wagenknect LE, Culver HA, Flack J, Gidding S, Kurosaki T, et al. Relationship of cardiovascular risk factors to echocardiographic left ventricular mass in healthy young black and white adult men and women. The CARDIA study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults. Circulation 1995; 92: 380–387.
[11] Hammond IW, Deverereux RB, Alderman MH, Lutas EM, Spitzer MC, Crowley JS et al. The prevalence and correlates of echocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy among employed patients with uncomplicated hypertension. J Am Coll Cardiol 1986; 7: 639-650.
[12] Badesch DB, Champion HC, Gomez Sanchez MA, Hoepper MM, Loyd JE, Manes A et al. Diagnosis and assessment of pulmonary arterial hypertension J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 54 (1 Suppl): S55-S66.
[13] Cuspidi C, Rescaldini M, Sala C, Negri F, Grassi G, Mancia G. Prevalence of electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy in human hypertension: an update review. J Hypertension 2012. 30 (11): 2066-73.
[14] Agomuoh DI and Odia OJ. Pattern of ECG abnormalities in Nigerian hypertensive patients seen in University of Port Harcourt Teaching hospital. Port Harcourt Medical Journal 2007; 2 (1) 22-26.
[15] Afzal MR, Savona S, Mohamed O, Mohamed-Osman A, Kalbefleisch SJ. Hypertension and arrhythmias. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15 (4): 543-550.
[16] Le HeuzeyJY, Guize L. Cardiac prognosis in hypertensive patients. Am J Med 1988; 84: 65-8.
[17] Ejim EC, Ike SO, Anisiuba BC, Essien IO, Onwubere BJ, Ike VO. Cardiac arrhythmias in recently diagnosed hypertensive patients at first presentation: an electrocardiographic- based study. Niger J Med. Jan-Mar; 2012, 21 (1): 6-10.
[18] Tovillas-Morán FJ, Zabaleta-del-Olmo E, Dalfó-Baqué A. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and left ventricular geometric patterns in hypertensive patients treated in primary care. Rev EspCardiol. 2009; 62 (3): 246–254.
[19] Wang S-X, Xue H, Zou YB, Sun K, Fu CY, Wang H et al Prevalence and risk factors for left ventricular hypertrophy and left ventricular geometric abnormality in the patients with hypertension among Han Chinese. Chin Med J 2012; 125 (1): 21-26.
[20] Kirchhof P, Benussi S, Kochecha D, Ahlsson A, Atar D, Casadei B. et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. EurHeart J 2016; 37: 2893-962.
[21] Cuspidi C, Negri F, Sala C, Valerio C Mancia G. Association of left atrial enlargement with left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction: a tissue Doppler study in echocardiographic practice. Blood Press. 2012; 21: 24–30.
[22] Smith VE, Schulman P, Karimeddini MK, White WB, Meeran MK, Katz AM. Rapid ventricular filling in left ventricular hypertrophy: II. Pathologic hypertrophy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985; 5 (4): 869-874.
[23] Redfield MM, Jaconsen SJ, Burnett JC Jr, Mahoney DW, Bailey KR, Rodeheffer RJ. Burden of sytolic and diastolic dysfunction in the community: appreciating the scope of the heart failure epidemic. JAMA. 2003; 289 (2): 194-202.
[24] Zanchetti A, Cuspidi C, Comarella L, Rosei EA, Ambrosini, E, Chiariello M et al. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in elderly hypertensives: results of the APROS diadys-study Journal of Hypertension 2007, 25 (10) 2158-2167.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Olivier Pancha Mbouemboue, Herman Cabrel Ngangao, Wavoulansa Zourmba, Ahmadou Hayatou. (2021). Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Changes in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients. Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research, 5(2), 57-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Olivier Pancha Mbouemboue; Herman Cabrel Ngangao; Wavoulansa Zourmba; Ahmadou Hayatou. Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Changes in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients. Cardiol. Cardiovasc. Res. 2021, 5(2), 57-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Olivier Pancha Mbouemboue, Herman Cabrel Ngangao, Wavoulansa Zourmba, Ahmadou Hayatou. Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Changes in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients. Cardiol Cardiovasc Res. 2021;5(2):57-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11,
      author = {Olivier Pancha Mbouemboue and Herman Cabrel Ngangao and Wavoulansa Zourmba and Ahmadou Hayatou},
      title = {Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Changes in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients},
      journal = {Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {57-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ccr.20210502.11},
      abstract = {High blood pressure is a major cardiovascular risk factor. It has repercussions on the heart, which can be easily assessed by non-invasive examinations. The objective of this study was to describe electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in hypertensive patients under follow up at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital, (Cameroon). The study was analytical and cross-sectional in nature. It was carried out at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital (Cameroon). All known adult hypertensive patients who had a resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography done during their follow up were included in the study. The study population consisted of 200 hypertensive patients. The mean age of the patients was 59±1.6 years with extremes of 25 and 85 years. Of all the ECGs performed, a total of 94% had abnormal findings. The most frequent electrocardiographic abnormalities were cardiac arrhythmias (53.5%), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (22%). Overall, 91% of the cardiac echography performed had abnormal findings most of which were ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and left atrial enlargement. In conclusion: a wide variety of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are diagnosed in the hypertensive patient in our environnement. None of them should be neglected. They all present, although to varying degrees, an interest in the orientation and organization of the therapeutic strategy of patients with hypertension. The use of ECG and echocardiography for this purpose should be encouraged in resource-limited areas.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Electrocardiographic and Echocardiographic Changes in Cameroonian Hypertensive Patients
    AU  - Olivier Pancha Mbouemboue
    AU  - Herman Cabrel Ngangao
    AU  - Wavoulansa Zourmba
    AU  - Ahmadou Hayatou
    Y1  - 2021/05/08
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11
    T2  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
    JF  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
    JO  - Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research
    SP  - 57
    EP  - 60
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-8914
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ccr.20210502.11
    AB  - High blood pressure is a major cardiovascular risk factor. It has repercussions on the heart, which can be easily assessed by non-invasive examinations. The objective of this study was to describe electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities in hypertensive patients under follow up at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital, (Cameroon). The study was analytical and cross-sectional in nature. It was carried out at the Ngaoundere Regional Hospital (Cameroon). All known adult hypertensive patients who had a resting electrocardiogram (ECG) and echocardiography done during their follow up were included in the study. The study population consisted of 200 hypertensive patients. The mean age of the patients was 59±1.6 years with extremes of 25 and 85 years. Of all the ECGs performed, a total of 94% had abnormal findings. The most frequent electrocardiographic abnormalities were cardiac arrhythmias (53.5%), and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (22%). Overall, 91% of the cardiac echography performed had abnormal findings most of which were ventricular hypertrophy, diastolic dysfunction and left atrial enlargement. In conclusion: a wide variety of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic abnormalities are diagnosed in the hypertensive patient in our environnement. None of them should be neglected. They all present, although to varying degrees, an interest in the orientation and organization of the therapeutic strategy of patients with hypertension. The use of ECG and echocardiography for this purpose should be encouraged in resource-limited areas.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon

  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon

  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon

  • Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere, Cameroon

  • Sections