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Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes

Received: 28 February 2015     Accepted: 5 May 2015     Published: 13 May 2015
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Abstract

The sinu-atrial node (SAN) is one of the impulse conducting system of the camel heart. Anatomically, it lies beneath the epicardium, at the cranial end of the terminal sulcus, near the junction between the superior vena cava to the lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Histologically, SAN is located in the subepicardial layer of the terminal crest and can be identified as a mass of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes. Moreover, it appeared elongated in shape and bent oblong. SAN appears strongly similar to the general structure of the glands where, it is formed of two parts; the stroma and the parenchyma. The stroma is consisted of a fibrous connective tissue capsule that is completely investing the SAN from all sides. From the capsule, thin connective tissue septa or trabeculae are extending to inside the node, dividing the later into lobes. These lobes form the SAN head or the SAN body. From this body, the SAN arms processes take their way out. These arms are considered the internodal and interatrial pathways to the different sites in the right and left atria. So, the SAN head with arms giving the octopus like-appearance for the node. The parenchyma is consisted of three different types of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes; the perinuclear clear zone cells (“P” cells), the transitional cells (“T” cells) and the atrial Purkinje like cells or Purkinje like conducting cells.

Published in Cell Biology (Volume 3, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11
Page(s) 25-33
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sinus Node, Perinuclear Clear Zone Cells, Transitional Cells, Atrial Purkinje Like Cells, Heart, Dromedary Camel, SAN

References
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[2] Sanchez-Quintana, D., and Ho, S. Y. (2003): Anatomy of cardiac nodes and atrioventricular specialized system. Revista Espanola De Cardiologia., 56: 1085-1092.
[3] Getty R (1975) Sisson and Grossman's . The anatomy of the domestic animals. 5th ed. W.B. Saunders Company. Philadelphia, London, Toronto 2: 164- 961.
[4] Nickel R, Schummer A, Seiferle E (1984) Lehrbuch der Anatomie der Haustiere. Vol. II, 2nd ed. Verlag Paul Parey. Parey, Berlin, Hamburg 15-70
[5] Nabipour, A., Khanzadi, S and Moradi, G. H. (2000): Anatomy of the sinu-atrial node in the heart of goat (Capra hircus). J. Fac. Of Vet. Med. Tehran Univ., 55(2): 93-96.
[6] Cormack DH (2001) Essential histology, 2nd Edition. Baltimore. Maryland. U.S.A. 260- 265.
[7] Dellmann HD, Eurell J (1998) Text book of veterinary histology, 5th edition. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, Maryland 239-240.
[8] Fawcett, D. W and Jensh, R. P. (1997): Concise histology. London. & New York. 126-127.
[9] Sheehan, D., Hrapchak, B. (1980): Theory and practice of histotechnology. 2nd ed. Battelle Press. Ohio. 186-187.
[10] Crookham, J., and Dapson, R. (1991): Hazardous chemicals in the histopathology laboratory. 2nd ed. Anatech. 97.
[11] [Bancroft JD, Gamble M (2001) Theory and practice of histological techniques, 5th Ed. Churchill livingstone 281-285.
[12] James, T. N. (1961): Anatomy of human sinus node. Anat. Rec., 141: 109 - 116.
[13] James, T. N. (1962): Anatomy of the sinus node of dog. Anat. Rec., 143: 251 - 256.
[14] James, T. N. (1965): Anatomy of the sinus node, AV node and os cordis of the beef heart. Anat. Rec., 153: 361-372.
[15] James, T. N. (1967): Anatomy of the cardiac conduction system in the rabbits. Circulation Research., 20: 638 - 648.
[16] Bishop, S. P. and Cole, C. R., (1967): Morphology of the specialized conducting tissue in the atria of equine heart. Anat. Rec., 158: 401 - 416.
[17] Ghazi, S. R, and Tadjalli, M., (1996): Anatomy of the sinu-atrial node of camels (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS). Anat. Histol. Embryol., 25(1): 37-41.
[18] Ghazi, S. R, Nabipour, A and Tadjalli, M., (1998): Anatomy of the sinus node of domestic cats (Felis catus). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 14: 57-64.
[19] Nabipour, A, and Tahoonghi, M. (2008): Histological study on the sinu-atrial node of turkey. World Journal of Zoology., 3(1): 8-12.
[20] Kim, Y. and Yasuda, M. ( 1979): The cardiac conducting system of the fowl. Anat. Histol. Embryol., 8: 138-150.
[21] Bakker, M. L., Moorman, A. F. M., and Christoffels, V. M.(2010): The atrioventricular node: origin, development, and genetic program. TCM., 20(5):164-170.
[22] Nabipour, A. (2012): Comparative histological structure of the sinus node in mammals. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci.,36(5): 463−469.
[23] Ho, S. Y., Anderson, R. H., and Sanchez-Quintana, D.(2002): Atrial structure and fibers: morphologic bases of atrial conduction. Cardiovascular Research. 54: 325- 336.
[24] Nabipour, A. (2004): Anatomy and histology of the sinu-atrial node in the heart of guinea pig (Cavia Percellus). J. Appl. Anim. Res., 25: 41-43.
[25] Ghonimi W, Balah A, Bareedy MH, Abuel-atta AA (2015) Some histological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies on the heart wall of the mature one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) . Ph. D. thesis. Faculty of veterinary medicine, Zagazig university. Cairo. Egypt.
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    Wael Ghonimi, Ahmad Balah, Mohamed Hafez Bareedy, Hoda Fa Salem, Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. (2015). Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biology, 3(2), 25-33. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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    ACS Style

    Wael Ghonimi; Ahmad Balah; Mohamed Hafez Bareedy; Hoda Fa Salem; Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol. 2015, 3(2), 25-33. doi: 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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    AMA Style

    Wael Ghonimi, Ahmad Balah, Mohamed Hafez Bareedy, Hoda Fa Salem, Shehata Mm Soliman, et al. Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes. Cell Biol. 2015;3(2):25-33. doi: 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11,
      author = {Wael Ghonimi and Ahmad Balah and Mohamed Hafez Bareedy and Hoda Fa Salem and Shehata Mm Soliman and Ahmad Elbaz and Amr Helal and Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta},
      title = {Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes},
      journal = {Cell Biology},
      volume = {3},
      number = {2},
      pages = {25-33},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cb.20150302.11},
      abstract = {The sinu-atrial node (SAN) is one of the impulse conducting system of the camel heart. Anatomically, it lies beneath the epicardium, at the cranial end of the terminal sulcus, near the junction between the superior vena cava to the lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Histologically, SAN is located in the subepicardial layer of the terminal crest and can be identified as a mass of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes. Moreover, it appeared elongated in shape and bent oblong. SAN appears strongly similar to the general structure of the glands where, it is formed of two parts; the stroma and the parenchyma. The stroma is consisted of a fibrous connective tissue capsule that is completely investing the SAN from all sides. From the capsule, thin connective tissue septa or trabeculae are extending to inside the node, dividing the later into lobes. These lobes form the SAN head or the SAN body. From this body, the SAN arms processes take their way out. These arms are considered the internodal and interatrial pathways to the different sites in the right and left atria. So, the SAN head with arms giving the octopus like-appearance for the node. The parenchyma is consisted of three different types of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes; the perinuclear clear zone cells (“P” cells), the transitional cells (“T” cells) and the atrial Purkinje like cells or Purkinje like conducting cells.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Sinu-Atrial Node of Mature Dromedary Camel Heart (Camelus dromedarius) with Special Emphasis on the Atrial Purkinje Like Cardiomyocytes
    AU  - Wael Ghonimi
    AU  - Ahmad Balah
    AU  - Mohamed Hafez Bareedy
    AU  - Hoda Fa Salem
    AU  - Shehata Mm Soliman
    AU  - Ahmad Elbaz
    AU  - Amr Helal
    AU  - Ahmad Awad Abuel-Atta
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11
    T2  - Cell Biology
    JF  - Cell Biology
    JO  - Cell Biology
    SP  - 25
    EP  - 33
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-0183
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cb.20150302.11
    AB  - The sinu-atrial node (SAN) is one of the impulse conducting system of the camel heart. Anatomically, it lies beneath the epicardium, at the cranial end of the terminal sulcus, near the junction between the superior vena cava to the lateral wall of the right atrium and the right auricle. Histologically, SAN is located in the subepicardial layer of the terminal crest and can be identified as a mass of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes. Moreover, it appeared elongated in shape and bent oblong. SAN appears strongly similar to the general structure of the glands where, it is formed of two parts; the stroma and the parenchyma. The stroma is consisted of a fibrous connective tissue capsule that is completely investing the SAN from all sides. From the capsule, thin connective tissue septa or trabeculae are extending to inside the node, dividing the later into lobes. These lobes form the SAN head or the SAN body. From this body, the SAN arms processes take their way out. These arms are considered the internodal and interatrial pathways to the different sites in the right and left atria. So, the SAN head with arms giving the octopus like-appearance for the node. The parenchyma is consisted of three different types of specialized and modified cardiac myocytes; the perinuclear clear zone cells (“P” cells), the transitional cells (“T” cells) and the atrial Purkinje like cells or Purkinje like conducting cells.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

  • Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

  • Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

  • Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

  • Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Minia University, Minia, Egypt

  • Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

  • Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

  • Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt

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