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Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar

Received: 12 March 2023     Accepted: 30 March 2023     Published: 13 April 2023
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Abstract

The Madagascar is a country with a high endemic biodiversity. For example, it homes 112 species and subspecies of lemurs with 100% of endemism. They are endangered in their natural habitat due to different threats from anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Between May to September 2022, eight relatives Varecia varecia substincta captive breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza deceased in serial and unexpectedly, some of them by tuberculosis. This study is carried out to detect the reasons why these lemurs are died and then, to assess the tuberculosis prevalence among the remain alive lemurs, in objective to proceed in cure. Tuberculosis is a notifiable treatment in the Madagascar. Outcomes has shown that lemurs are predisposed to tuberculosis infection as human primates. It may be present in latent or fatal active forms as miliary tuberculosis. Vulnerabilities depend on gender and species. Females are more fragile than males. Among different species of lemurs, Varecia variegata subtincta are the most threatened to tuberculosis followed by Eulemur fulvus. Tuberculosis is hereditary and for the first time, its genetic aspects are discovered in the Madagascar. Foremost, genetic predisposition has an influence in individual immune responses. In fact, change in weathers factors has increased underlying individual susceptibilities which led to a serious health problem. Consanguinities are an addition threat for tuberculosis transmission in an endemic island context. These basic fields need further confirmation both for lemurs’ conservation and to sustain the control of tuberculosis in the Madagascar.

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13
Page(s) 44-51
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Eulemur fulvus, Bioclimatic, Biodiversity, Genetic Predisposition, Lemurs, Miliary Tuberculosis, Varecia variegata subtincta

References
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Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Berthine Razafiarisoa, Christine Razaiarivelo, Roger Ramarokoto, Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy, Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison, et al. (2023). Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 11(2), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13

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    ACS Style

    Berthine Razafiarisoa; Christine Razaiarivelo; Roger Ramarokoto; Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy; Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison, et al. Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2023, 11(2), 44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13

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    AMA Style

    Berthine Razafiarisoa, Christine Razaiarivelo, Roger Ramarokoto, Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy, Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison, et al. Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar. Anim Vet Sci. 2023;11(2):44-51. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13,
      author = {Berthine Razafiarisoa and Christine Razaiarivelo and Roger Ramarokoto and Mbolamanana Ziva Randriaminahy and Mandimby Herivola Randrianarison and Brigitte Annie Bezandry},
      title = {Tuberculosis Among Lemurs’ Captive Breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT) in the Madagascar},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {11},
      number = {2},
      pages = {44-51},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20231102.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20231102.13},
      abstract = {The Madagascar is a country with a high endemic biodiversity. For example, it homes 112 species and subspecies of lemurs with 100% of endemism. They are endangered in their natural habitat due to different threats from anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Between May to September 2022, eight relatives Varecia varecia substincta captive breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza deceased in serial and unexpectedly, some of them by tuberculosis. This study is carried out to detect the reasons why these lemurs are died and then, to assess the tuberculosis prevalence among the remain alive lemurs, in objective to proceed in cure. Tuberculosis is a notifiable treatment in the Madagascar. Outcomes has shown that lemurs are predisposed to tuberculosis infection as human primates. It may be present in latent or fatal active forms as miliary tuberculosis. Vulnerabilities depend on gender and species. Females are more fragile than males. Among different species of lemurs, Varecia variegata subtincta are the most threatened to tuberculosis followed by Eulemur fulvus. Tuberculosis is hereditary and for the first time, its genetic aspects are discovered in the Madagascar. Foremost, genetic predisposition has an influence in individual immune responses. In fact, change in weathers factors has increased underlying individual susceptibilities which led to a serious health problem. Consanguinities are an addition threat for tuberculosis transmission in an endemic island context. These basic fields need further confirmation both for lemurs’ conservation and to sustain the control of tuberculosis in the Madagascar.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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    AU  - Berthine Razafiarisoa
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    AB  - The Madagascar is a country with a high endemic biodiversity. For example, it homes 112 species and subspecies of lemurs with 100% of endemism. They are endangered in their natural habitat due to different threats from anthropogenic pressure and climate change. Between May to September 2022, eight relatives Varecia varecia substincta captive breeding at the Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza deceased in serial and unexpectedly, some of them by tuberculosis. This study is carried out to detect the reasons why these lemurs are died and then, to assess the tuberculosis prevalence among the remain alive lemurs, in objective to proceed in cure. Tuberculosis is a notifiable treatment in the Madagascar. Outcomes has shown that lemurs are predisposed to tuberculosis infection as human primates. It may be present in latent or fatal active forms as miliary tuberculosis. Vulnerabilities depend on gender and species. Females are more fragile than males. Among different species of lemurs, Varecia variegata subtincta are the most threatened to tuberculosis followed by Eulemur fulvus. Tuberculosis is hereditary and for the first time, its genetic aspects are discovered in the Madagascar. Foremost, genetic predisposition has an influence in individual immune responses. In fact, change in weathers factors has increased underlying individual susceptibilities which led to a serious health problem. Consanguinities are an addition threat for tuberculosis transmission in an endemic island context. These basic fields need further confirmation both for lemurs’ conservation and to sustain the control of tuberculosis in the Madagascar.
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Author Information
  • Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT), Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Parc Botanique et Zoologique de Tsimbazaza (PBZT), Antananarivo, Madagascar

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