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Silage Additives Usage in Improving Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage: A Review

Received: 4 November 2021     Accepted: 15 December 2021     Published: 24 December 2021
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Abstract

Alfalfa is difficult to ensile due to its high protein content, low water-soluble carbohydrate level, low dry matter content, and high buffering capacity. Therefore, alfalfa has recently increased its efforts to make silage with additives. Silage additives have been used to enhancing the silage quality of alfalfa in recent years. This review covers research studies that have investigated the efficacy of silage additives on fermentation quality, the bacterial diversity of alfalfa silage using the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique, the effects of microbial inoculant on these bacterial communities, silage's antioxidant enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acid levels. In recent studies, more clear information about bacterial communities in silage fermentation has begun to be obtained with the use of NGS technique. In studies using these techniques, it was reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) organic acid additions to alfalfa silage caused Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Sporolactobacillus species to increase relatively in silage environment, the ratio of unwanted species decreased and silage quality increased. Although the amount of alpha-tocopherol, and beta carotene decreased by half in pure silage compared to fresh alfalfa, it was observed that LAB inoculation increased the ratio of alpha tocopherol, beta carotene and also polyunsaturated fatty acids. Future silage additives are expected to determine effects fermentation quality, the bacterial community, the antioxidant enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acid levels.

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13
Page(s) 175-180
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alfalfa Silage, Fermentation, Silage Additives, Silage Quality, Next-Generation Sequencing Technique

References
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  • APA Style

    Pinar Tatli Seven, Ismail Seven, Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu, Esra Nur Yildirim. (2021). Silage Additives Usage in Improving Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage: A Review. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 9(6), 175-180. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13

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    ACS Style

    Pinar Tatli Seven; Ismail Seven; Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu; Esra Nur Yildirim. Silage Additives Usage in Improving Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage: A Review. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2021, 9(6), 175-180. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13

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    AMA Style

    Pinar Tatli Seven, Ismail Seven, Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu, Esra Nur Yildirim. Silage Additives Usage in Improving Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage: A Review. Anim Vet Sci. 2021;9(6):175-180. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13,
      author = {Pinar Tatli Seven and Ismail Seven and Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu and Esra Nur Yildirim},
      title = {Silage Additives Usage in Improving Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage: A Review},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {6},
      pages = {175-180},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20210906.13},
      abstract = {Alfalfa is difficult to ensile due to its high protein content, low water-soluble carbohydrate level, low dry matter content, and high buffering capacity. Therefore, alfalfa has recently increased its efforts to make silage with additives. Silage additives have been used to enhancing the silage quality of alfalfa in recent years. This review covers research studies that have investigated the efficacy of silage additives on fermentation quality, the bacterial diversity of alfalfa silage using the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique, the effects of microbial inoculant on these bacterial communities, silage's antioxidant enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acid levels. In recent studies, more clear information about bacterial communities in silage fermentation has begun to be obtained with the use of NGS technique. In studies using these techniques, it was reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) organic acid additions to alfalfa silage caused Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Sporolactobacillus species to increase relatively in silage environment, the ratio of unwanted species decreased and silage quality increased. Although the amount of alpha-tocopherol, and beta carotene decreased by half in pure silage compared to fresh alfalfa, it was observed that LAB inoculation increased the ratio of alpha tocopherol, beta carotene and also polyunsaturated fatty acids. Future silage additives are expected to determine effects fermentation quality, the bacterial community, the antioxidant enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acid levels.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Silage Additives Usage in Improving Fermentation Quality of Alfalfa Silage: A Review
    AU  - Pinar Tatli Seven
    AU  - Ismail Seven
    AU  - Seda Iflazoglu Mutlu
    AU  - Esra Nur Yildirim
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13
    T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
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    EP  - 180
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5850
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20210906.13
    AB  - Alfalfa is difficult to ensile due to its high protein content, low water-soluble carbohydrate level, low dry matter content, and high buffering capacity. Therefore, alfalfa has recently increased its efforts to make silage with additives. Silage additives have been used to enhancing the silage quality of alfalfa in recent years. This review covers research studies that have investigated the efficacy of silage additives on fermentation quality, the bacterial diversity of alfalfa silage using the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technique, the effects of microbial inoculant on these bacterial communities, silage's antioxidant enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acid levels. In recent studies, more clear information about bacterial communities in silage fermentation has begun to be obtained with the use of NGS technique. In studies using these techniques, it was reported that lactic acid bacteria (LAB) organic acid additions to alfalfa silage caused Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Sporolactobacillus species to increase relatively in silage environment, the ratio of unwanted species decreased and silage quality increased. Although the amount of alpha-tocopherol, and beta carotene decreased by half in pure silage compared to fresh alfalfa, it was observed that LAB inoculation increased the ratio of alpha tocopherol, beta carotene and also polyunsaturated fatty acids. Future silage additives are expected to determine effects fermentation quality, the bacterial community, the antioxidant enzymes, and unsaturated fatty acid levels.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

  • Department of Plant and Animal Production, Vocational School of Sivrice, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

  • Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

  • Department of Animal Nutrition and Nutritional Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey

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