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Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry

Received: 12 March 2019     Accepted: 12 April 2019     Published: 13 June 2019
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Abstract

The intranasal inoculation of equid alphaherpesvirus1 (EHV-1) Brazilian variants A4/72, A9/92, A3/97, Iso72/10 and the Argentine variant AR4 in a Syrian hamster model Mesocricetus auratus induced severe encephalitis. Clinical signs included weight loss, lethargy, somnolence, anorexia, and intense salivation two days post-inoculation (dpi), followed by neurological signs such as loss of proprioception, walking in circles, spastic paralysis, seizures, recumbency and death at 3rd dpi (A9/92 and A4/72 variants) and 4th dpi. Respiratory signs such as dyspnea and serosanguinous nasal discharge were also observed. Histopathological changes in brain included mixed inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of mononuclear cells, neuronal degeneration, liquefactive necrosis, hemorrhagic foci, leptomeningitis, perivascular edema, mononuclear infiltration, and perivascular cuffing. Immunohistochemical examination showed viral replication in neurons restrict predominantly to olfactory bulb and frontal cortex (variants AR4 and A3/97) and in groups of cells from distant regions, such as the caudal diencephalon and rostral mesencephalon (variants Iso72/10) and absence of viral antigen labeling of variants A9/92 and A4/72 despite these variants were the most neurovirulent, so new experiments not staggered in days but in hours post inoculation are needed to better understand the viral migration of these variants.

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15
Page(s) 59-68
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

EHV-1, Neurovirulence, Neuropathogenicity, Immunohistochemistry, Myeloencephalopathy

References
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    Aline Aparecida da Silva, Elenice Maria Sequetin Cunha, Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold Lara, Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos, Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro Nassar, et al. (2019). Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 7(2), 59-68. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15

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    Aline Aparecida da Silva; Elenice Maria Sequetin Cunha; Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold Lara; Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos; Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro Nassar, et al. Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2019, 7(2), 59-68. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15

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    Aline Aparecida da Silva, Elenice Maria Sequetin Cunha, Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold Lara, Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos, Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro Nassar, et al. Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry. Anim Vet Sci. 2019;7(2):59-68. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15,
      author = {Aline Aparecida da Silva and Elenice Maria Sequetin Cunha and Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold Lara and Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos and Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro Nassar and Enio Mori and Carolina Natalia Zanuzzi and Cecília Mónica Galosi and Claudia Del Fava},
      title = {Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {59-68},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20190702.15},
      abstract = {The intranasal inoculation of equid alphaherpesvirus1 (EHV-1) Brazilian variants A4/72, A9/92, A3/97, Iso72/10 and the Argentine variant AR4 in a Syrian hamster model Mesocricetus auratus induced severe encephalitis. Clinical signs included weight loss, lethargy, somnolence, anorexia, and intense salivation two days post-inoculation (dpi), followed by neurological signs such as loss of proprioception, walking in circles, spastic paralysis, seizures, recumbency and death at 3rd dpi (A9/92 and A4/72 variants) and 4th dpi. Respiratory signs such as dyspnea and serosanguinous nasal discharge were also observed. Histopathological changes in brain included mixed inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of mononuclear cells, neuronal degeneration, liquefactive necrosis, hemorrhagic foci, leptomeningitis, perivascular edema, mononuclear infiltration, and perivascular cuffing. Immunohistochemical examination showed viral replication in neurons restrict predominantly to olfactory bulb and frontal cortex (variants AR4 and A3/97) and in groups of cells from distant regions, such as the caudal diencephalon and rostral mesencephalon (variants Iso72/10) and absence of viral antigen labeling of variants A9/92 and A4/72 despite these variants were the most neurovirulent, so new experiments not staggered in days but in hours post inoculation are needed to better understand the viral migration of these variants.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Evaluation of Viral Migration of Different Variants of Equid Alphaherpesvirus 1 in the Central Nervous System of Hamsters by Immunohistochemistry
    AU  - Aline Aparecida da Silva
    AU  - Elenice Maria Sequetin Cunha
    AU  - Maria do Carmo Custódio de Souza Hunold Lara
    AU  - Eliana Monteforte Cassaro Villalobos
    AU  - Alessandra Figueiredo de Castro Nassar
    AU  - Enio Mori
    AU  - Carolina Natalia Zanuzzi
    AU  - Cecília Mónica Galosi
    AU  - Claudia Del Fava
    Y1  - 2019/06/13
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15
    T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    SP  - 59
    EP  - 68
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5850
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20190702.15
    AB  - The intranasal inoculation of equid alphaherpesvirus1 (EHV-1) Brazilian variants A4/72, A9/92, A3/97, Iso72/10 and the Argentine variant AR4 in a Syrian hamster model Mesocricetus auratus induced severe encephalitis. Clinical signs included weight loss, lethargy, somnolence, anorexia, and intense salivation two days post-inoculation (dpi), followed by neurological signs such as loss of proprioception, walking in circles, spastic paralysis, seizures, recumbency and death at 3rd dpi (A9/92 and A4/72 variants) and 4th dpi. Respiratory signs such as dyspnea and serosanguinous nasal discharge were also observed. Histopathological changes in brain included mixed inflammatory infiltrate with predominance of mononuclear cells, neuronal degeneration, liquefactive necrosis, hemorrhagic foci, leptomeningitis, perivascular edema, mononuclear infiltration, and perivascular cuffing. Immunohistochemical examination showed viral replication in neurons restrict predominantly to olfactory bulb and frontal cortex (variants AR4 and A3/97) and in groups of cells from distant regions, such as the caudal diencephalon and rostral mesencephalon (variants Iso72/10) and absence of viral antigen labeling of variants A9/92 and A4/72 despite these variants were the most neurovirulent, so new experiments not staggered in days but in hours post inoculation are needed to better understand the viral migration of these variants.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Biological Institute, Avenida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, S?o Paulo/SP, Brasil

  • Biological Institute, Avenida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, S?o Paulo/SP, Brasil

  • Biological Institute, Avenida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, S?o Paulo/SP, Brasil

  • Biological Institute, Avenida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, S?o Paulo/SP, Brasil

  • Biological Institute, Avenida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, S?o Paulo/SP, Brasil

  • Pasteur Institute, Avenida Paulista, S?o Paulo/SP, Brasil

  • Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

  • Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina

  • Biological Institute, Avenida Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, S?o Paulo/SP, Brasil

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