| Peer-Reviewed

The Prevalence of Melissococcus plutonius by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Kurdistan apiaries, Iran

Received: 12 July 2016     Accepted: 26 July 2016     Published: 14 December 2016
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

European foulbrood (EFB) is caused by bacterial agents Melissococcus plutonius and is considered of major importance because it can be spread through many bee products including honey, which is internationally widely traded. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular diagnosis survey for honey bee pathogen EFB was conducted on European honey bee (EHB), Apis mellifera, population sampled from Kurdistan apiaries (n=100). For multiplex PCR amplification of partial 16S rRNA (= SSU rRNA) gene fragments (486 bp), was conducted on 100 samples. Results showed that of 100 samples only 4 samples (4%) were positive for M. plutonius in Kurdistan apiaries. This is the first study to document the occurrence of EFB by PCR assay in Kurdistan apiaries. It seems that surveys are required to characterize the distribution and prevalence of M. plutonius in different regions of Iran.

Published in Animal and Veterinary Sciences (Volume 4, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12
Page(s) 93-96
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

M. plutonius, European foulbrood, PCR, Kurdistan apiaries

References
[1] Buchler, R., Andonov, S., Bienefeld, K., Costa, C., Hatlina, F., Kezic, N., Kryger, P., Spivak, M., Uzunov, A., and Wild, J. 2013. Standard methods for rearing and selection of Apis mellifera queens. standard methods for Apis mellifera research. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52.
[2] Gallai, N., Salles, J. M., Settele, J., and Vaissiere, B. E. 2009. Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline. Ecological Economics, 68, 810-821.
[3] Forsgren, E., Budge, G. E., Charriere, J.-D., and Hornitzky, M. A. Z. 2013. standard methods for Apis mellifera pest and pathogen research. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52, 1.
[4] FAO 2006. Honey bee diseases and pests: a practical guide. 8, 33.
[5] Bailey, L. 1983. Melissococcus pluton, the cause of European foulbrood of honey bees (Apis spp.). Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 55, 65-69.
[6] Bailey, L., and Collins, M. D. 1981. Reclassification of Streptococcus pluton in a new genus Melissococcus, as Melissococcus pluton nom. rev.; comb. nov.. Journal of Applied Microbiology 53, 215-217.
[7] Shimanuki, H. 1997. Bacteria, in Honey Bee Pests, Predators, and Diseases R. A. Morse and K. Flottum, Editors. A. I. Root Company. 718.
[8] Kanbar, G., and Engels, W. 2003. Ultrastructure and bacterial infection of wounds in honey bee pupae punctured by Varroa mites. Parasitology Research, 90, 349-354.
[9] McKee, B. A., Goodman, R. D., and Hornitzcky, M. A. 2004. The transmission of European foulbrood (Melissococcus plutonius) to artificially reared honey bee larvae. Journal of Apiclutural Research, 43, 93-100.
[10] OIE 2015. Infection of honey bees with Meliisococcus plutonius (european foulbrood), in Terrestrial Animal Health Code. OIE.
[11] OIE 2008. European Foulbrood of Honey Bees, in OIE Terrestrial Manual 2008. OIE. 405-409.
[12] Ahmadi, A. A. 1984. Incidence of Honeybee Diseases and Parasites in Southern Iran. Bee World, 65, 134-136.
[13] Bokaie, S., Sharifi, L., and Mehrabadi, M. 2014. Prevalence and Epizootical Aspects of Varroasis in Golestan Province, Northern Iran. Journal of Arthropod-Borne Diseases, 8, 102-107.
[14] Roetschi, A., Berthoud, H., Kuhn, R., and Imdorf, A. 2008. Infection rate based on quantitative real-time PCR of Melissococcus plutonius, the causal agent of European foulbrood, in honey bee colonies before and after apiary sanitation. Apidologie 39, 362-371.
[15] Herbert, E. W., and Shimanuki, H. 1984. An update on European foulbrood research in New Jersey. American Bee Journal, 124, 472-473.
[16] Forsgren, E., Lundhagen, A. C., Imdorf, A., and Fries, I. 2005. Distribution of Melissococcus plutonius in honeybee colonies with and without symptoms of European foulbrood. Microbial Ecology, 50, 369-374.
[17] Belloy, L., Imdorf, A., Fries, I., Forsgren, E., Berthoud, H., Kuhn, R., and Charriere, J. 2007. Spatial distribution of Melissococcus plutonius in adult honey bees collected from apiaries and colonies with and without symptoms of European foulbrood. Apidologie 38, 136-140.
[18] Beverley, C. 2012. Improving lives by solving problems in agriculture and the environment. UK: CABI, Nosworthy Way, Wallingford, Oxfordshire.
[19] Moharami, M., Modirrousta, H., moeinfar, N., and Seddighi Khavidak, S. 2015. Rapid detection of Melissococcus Plotinus the agent of European foulbrood in honey bee colonies by PCR. 7, 3-8.
[20] Yalcinkaya, A., Keskin, N., and Özkirim, A. 2009. After colony losses in Hatay and Adana region of Turkey the investigation of honey bee diseases, in APImondia: Montpellier, France.
[21] El-Naga, A. M. A. 1987. Diagnosis of European foulbrood (EFB) in Saudi Arabia. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 5, 47-53.
[22] Sivaram, V. 2004. General status of Apiculture in Iraq. FAO Consultant for the Apiculture Project (Ministry of Agriculture - Government of Iraq).
[23] Govan, V. A., Brozel, V., Allsopp, M. H., and Davison, S. 1998. A PCR detection method for rapid identification of Melissococcus pluton in honeybee larvae. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 64, 1983-1985.
[24] Hussein, M. H. 2000. Beekeeping in Africa: I. North, East, North-East and West African countries. Apiacta, 1, 32-48.
[25] Wilkins, S., Brown, M., Andrew, A., and Cuthbertson, A. G. 2007. The incidence of honey bee pests and diseases in England and Wales. Pest Management Science, 63, 1062-1068.
[26] Dahle, B., Sorum, H., and Weidemann, J. H. 2011. European foulbrood in Norway: How to deal with a major outbreak after 30 years absence, in COLOSS Workshop: The future of brood disease research – guidelines, methods and development, Copenhagen: Denmark. 8.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Mohammad Khezri, Mojtaba Moharami, Hussein Modirrousta, Zahra Salahi, Babak Rokhzad. (2016). The Prevalence of Melissococcus plutonius by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Kurdistan apiaries, Iran. Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 4(6), 93-96. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Mohammad Khezri; Mojtaba Moharami; Hussein Modirrousta; Zahra Salahi; Babak Rokhzad. The Prevalence of Melissococcus plutonius by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Kurdistan apiaries, Iran. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2016, 4(6), 93-96. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Mohammad Khezri, Mojtaba Moharami, Hussein Modirrousta, Zahra Salahi, Babak Rokhzad. The Prevalence of Melissococcus plutonius by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Kurdistan apiaries, Iran. Anim Vet Sci. 2016;4(6):93-96. doi: 10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12,
      author = {Mohammad Khezri and Mojtaba Moharami and Hussein Modirrousta and Zahra Salahi and Babak Rokhzad},
      title = {The Prevalence of Melissococcus plutonius by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Kurdistan apiaries, Iran},
      journal = {Animal and Veterinary Sciences},
      volume = {4},
      number = {6},
      pages = {93-96},
      doi = {10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.avs.20160406.12},
      abstract = {European foulbrood (EFB) is caused by bacterial agents Melissococcus plutonius and is considered of major importance because it can be spread through many bee products including honey, which is internationally widely traded. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular diagnosis survey for honey bee pathogen EFB was conducted on European honey bee (EHB), Apis mellifera, population sampled from Kurdistan apiaries (n=100). For multiplex PCR amplification of partial 16S rRNA (= SSU rRNA) gene fragments (486 bp), was conducted on 100 samples. Results showed that of 100 samples only 4 samples (4%) were positive for M. plutonius in Kurdistan apiaries. This is the first study to document the occurrence of EFB by PCR assay in Kurdistan apiaries. It seems that surveys are required to characterize the distribution and prevalence of M. plutonius in different regions of Iran.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Prevalence of Melissococcus plutonius by Polymerase Chain Reaction in Kurdistan apiaries, Iran
    AU  - Mohammad Khezri
    AU  - Mojtaba Moharami
    AU  - Hussein Modirrousta
    AU  - Zahra Salahi
    AU  - Babak Rokhzad
    Y1  - 2016/12/14
    PY  - 2016
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12
    T2  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JF  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    JO  - Animal and Veterinary Sciences
    SP  - 93
    EP  - 96
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5850
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.avs.20160406.12
    AB  - European foulbrood (EFB) is caused by bacterial agents Melissococcus plutonius and is considered of major importance because it can be spread through many bee products including honey, which is internationally widely traded. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular diagnosis survey for honey bee pathogen EFB was conducted on European honey bee (EHB), Apis mellifera, population sampled from Kurdistan apiaries (n=100). For multiplex PCR amplification of partial 16S rRNA (= SSU rRNA) gene fragments (486 bp), was conducted on 100 samples. Results showed that of 100 samples only 4 samples (4%) were positive for M. plutonius in Kurdistan apiaries. This is the first study to document the occurrence of EFB by PCR assay in Kurdistan apiaries. It seems that surveys are required to characterize the distribution and prevalence of M. plutonius in different regions of Iran.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Veterinary Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

  • Department of Honeybee, Silkworm and Wildlife Research Disease, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran

  • Department of Honeybee, Silkworm and Wildlife Research Disease, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran

  • Department of Honeybee, Silkworm and Wildlife Research Disease, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, AREEO, Karaj, Iran

  • Veterinary Research Department, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Sanandaj, Iran

  • Sections