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Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal

Received: 16 November 2022     Accepted: 1 December 2022     Published: 21 December 2022
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Abstract

Cap Skirring area is located in the southwestern part of Senegal, where groundwater is the only resource for drinking water supply. The present study helps to assess and determine the most dominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in the Cap Skirring area in Southwestern Senegal. For these purposes, 23 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- concentrations and the indices total hardness (TH) as well as total dissolved solid (TDS) were calculated based on the analytical results. The analysis indicated that the groundwater in the study area is generally soft. Comparison of these chemical data with the WHO drinking water standards showed that WHO standards were exceeded mainly in wells D30 (Ca2+, HCO3-) and PD122 (Cl-, NO3-, Na+ and K+), both located in the eastern part of the area. The Piper, Shadha, and other bivariate diagrams presenting the geochemical facies of the groundwater showed the HCO3 – Ca – Mg as the dominant water type (65.2 %) followed by the Cl – Na – K water type (21.7 %), and the Cl – Ca – Mg water type (13.0 %). This hydrogeochemical characterization indicates that the groundwater is mainly recharged by the high seasonal rainfall that occurs in the area. Salinization conditions and reverse ion exchange reactions were also observed in the some groundwater samples. This salinization process was mainly found along the eastern part (“bolong”) of the study area in samples taken at PD 122, PD 144, PD 55, and Marie Diatta or near the Atlantic coast (PD 154).

Published in American Journal of Water Science and Engineering (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
Page(s) 71-78
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Major Ions, Hydrochemical Characterization, Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern of Senegal

References
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    Ousmane Coly Diouf, Lutz Weihermuller, Ndeye Maguette Dieng, Mathias Diedhiou, Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. (2022). Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. American Journal of Water Science and Engineering, 8(4), 71-78. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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    Ousmane Coly Diouf; Lutz Weihermuller; Ndeye Maguette Dieng; Mathias Diedhiou; Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. Am. J. Water Sci. Eng. 2022, 8(4), 71-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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    Ousmane Coly Diouf, Lutz Weihermuller, Ndeye Maguette Dieng, Mathias Diedhiou, Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou, et al. Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal. Am J Water Sci Eng. 2022;8(4):71-78. doi: 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11,
      author = {Ousmane Coly Diouf and Lutz Weihermuller and Ndeye Maguette Dieng and Mathias Diedhiou and Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou and Seynabou Cisse Faye and Serigne Faye},
      title = {Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal},
      journal = {American Journal of Water Science and Engineering},
      volume = {8},
      number = {4},
      pages = {71-78},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajwse.20220804.11},
      abstract = {Cap Skirring area is located in the southwestern part of Senegal, where groundwater is the only resource for drinking water supply. The present study helps to assess and determine the most dominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in the Cap Skirring area in Southwestern Senegal. For these purposes, 23 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- concentrations and the indices total hardness (TH) as well as total dissolved solid (TDS) were calculated based on the analytical results. The analysis indicated that the groundwater in the study area is generally soft. Comparison of these chemical data with the WHO drinking water standards showed that WHO standards were exceeded mainly in wells D30 (Ca2+, HCO3-) and PD122 (Cl-, NO3-, Na+ and K+), both located in the eastern part of the area. The Piper, Shadha, and other bivariate diagrams presenting the geochemical facies of the groundwater showed the HCO3 – Ca – Mg as the dominant water type (65.2 %) followed by the Cl – Na – K water type (21.7 %), and the Cl – Ca – Mg water type (13.0 %). This hydrogeochemical characterization indicates that the groundwater is mainly recharged by the high seasonal rainfall that occurs in the area. Salinization conditions and reverse ion exchange reactions were also observed in the some groundwater samples. This salinization process was mainly found along the eastern part (“bolong”) of the study area in samples taken at PD 122, PD 144, PD 55, and Marie Diatta or near the Atlantic coast (PD 154).},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Hydrochemical Characterization of the Continental Terminal Aquifer in Cap Skirring Area, Southwestern Senegal
    AU  - Ousmane Coly Diouf
    AU  - Lutz Weihermuller
    AU  - Ndeye Maguette Dieng
    AU  - Mathias Diedhiou
    AU  - Edgar Yvon Terence Benam Beltoungou
    AU  - Seynabou Cisse Faye
    AU  - Serigne Faye
    Y1  - 2022/12/21
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
    T2  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Water Science and Engineering
    SP  - 71
    EP  - 78
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1875
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajwse.20220804.11
    AB  - Cap Skirring area is located in the southwestern part of Senegal, where groundwater is the only resource for drinking water supply. The present study helps to assess and determine the most dominant hydrogeochemical processes controlling the groundwater quality in the Cap Skirring area in Southwestern Senegal. For these purposes, 23 groundwater samples have been collected and analyzed for pH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, SO42-, Cl-, HCO3- and NO3- concentrations and the indices total hardness (TH) as well as total dissolved solid (TDS) were calculated based on the analytical results. The analysis indicated that the groundwater in the study area is generally soft. Comparison of these chemical data with the WHO drinking water standards showed that WHO standards were exceeded mainly in wells D30 (Ca2+, HCO3-) and PD122 (Cl-, NO3-, Na+ and K+), both located in the eastern part of the area. The Piper, Shadha, and other bivariate diagrams presenting the geochemical facies of the groundwater showed the HCO3 – Ca – Mg as the dominant water type (65.2 %) followed by the Cl – Na – K water type (21.7 %), and the Cl – Ca – Mg water type (13.0 %). This hydrogeochemical characterization indicates that the groundwater is mainly recharged by the high seasonal rainfall that occurs in the area. Salinization conditions and reverse ion exchange reactions were also observed in the some groundwater samples. This salinization process was mainly found along the eastern part (“bolong”) of the study area in samples taken at PD 122, PD 144, PD 55, and Marie Diatta or near the Atlantic coast (PD 154).
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

  • Research Centre Juelich, Agrosphere Institute IBG-3, Juelich, Germany

  • Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

  • Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

  • Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

  • Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

  • Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, Dakar-Fann, Senegal

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