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Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement

Received: 12 June 2023     Accepted: 27 June 2023     Published: 6 July 2023
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Abstract

The problem of diminished performance under stress, often referred to as 'choking under pressure,' is a significant issue in the realm of sports psychology, especially during high-stakes competitions. Researchers have thoroughly explored various factors contributing to this issue, yet the role of self-enhancement in sporting competition scenarios hasn't received the same level of scrutiny. Characterized by an individual's inclination to emphasize positive outcomes for self-esteem protection and setting lofty personal standards, self-enhancement is increasingly becoming a focal point in the study of choking. Our research draws from the self-focus theory and related studies, probing the mediating influence of self-enhancement on the relationship between high-pressure environments and choking tendencies. In our study, we used an experimental design based on dart-throwing as a representative model for sports performance under stress, aiming to elucidate the role of self-enhancement as a mediating variable in such settings. Involving fifty collegiate athletes, the study required participants to first complete a self-enhancement personality measure. They then engaged in dart-throwing tasks under two different conditions: one with low pressure and another with high pressure. Using statistical analysis tools SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.2, we discovered a link between high levels of self-enhancement, increased self-perceived cognitive pressure (β=.43, p<.01), and a higher chance of choking (β=.39, p<.01). The findings reveal that self-enhancement partially mediates the relationship between perceived pressure and performance, accounting for a variance of 30% in sports settings. It suggests that self-enhancement serves as a connecting factor between pressure perception and choking. These insights into self-enhancement tendencies provide valuable perspectives for designing future interventions to help mitigate choking. Such efforts could, in turn, potentially boost the competitiveness and longevity of collegiate athletes' performances.

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
Page(s) 59-67
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pressure, Self-Enhancement, Choking, Mediating Effect

References
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  • APA Style

    Jinhua Liu, Zhicai Gao, Ya Zhou, Zhi Qiao, Sumaira Kayani. (2023). Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. American Journal of Sports Science, 11(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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    ACS Style

    Jinhua Liu; Zhicai Gao; Ya Zhou; Zhi Qiao; Sumaira Kayani. Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2023, 11(3), 59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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    AMA Style

    Jinhua Liu, Zhicai Gao, Ya Zhou, Zhi Qiao, Sumaira Kayani. Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. Am J Sports Sci. 2023;11(3):59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11,
      author = {Jinhua Liu and Zhicai Gao and Ya Zhou and Zhi Qiao and Sumaira Kayani},
      title = {Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement},
      journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
      volume = {11},
      number = {3},
      pages = {59-67},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20231103.11},
      abstract = {The problem of diminished performance under stress, often referred to as 'choking under pressure,' is a significant issue in the realm of sports psychology, especially during high-stakes competitions. Researchers have thoroughly explored various factors contributing to this issue, yet the role of self-enhancement in sporting competition scenarios hasn't received the same level of scrutiny. Characterized by an individual's inclination to emphasize positive outcomes for self-esteem protection and setting lofty personal standards, self-enhancement is increasingly becoming a focal point in the study of choking. Our research draws from the self-focus theory and related studies, probing the mediating influence of self-enhancement on the relationship between high-pressure environments and choking tendencies. In our study, we used an experimental design based on dart-throwing as a representative model for sports performance under stress, aiming to elucidate the role of self-enhancement as a mediating variable in such settings. Involving fifty collegiate athletes, the study required participants to first complete a self-enhancement personality measure. They then engaged in dart-throwing tasks under two different conditions: one with low pressure and another with high pressure. Using statistical analysis tools SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.2, we discovered a link between high levels of self-enhancement, increased self-perceived cognitive pressure (β=.43, p<.01), and a higher chance of choking (β=.39, p<.01). The findings reveal that self-enhancement partially mediates the relationship between perceived pressure and performance, accounting for a variance of 30% in sports settings. It suggests that self-enhancement serves as a connecting factor between pressure perception and choking. These insights into self-enhancement tendencies provide valuable perspectives for designing future interventions to help mitigate choking. Such efforts could, in turn, potentially boost the competitiveness and longevity of collegiate athletes' performances.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement
    AU  - Jinhua Liu
    AU  - Zhicai Gao
    AU  - Ya Zhou
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    AU  - Sumaira Kayani
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
    T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
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    EP  - 67
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8540
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
    AB  - The problem of diminished performance under stress, often referred to as 'choking under pressure,' is a significant issue in the realm of sports psychology, especially during high-stakes competitions. Researchers have thoroughly explored various factors contributing to this issue, yet the role of self-enhancement in sporting competition scenarios hasn't received the same level of scrutiny. Characterized by an individual's inclination to emphasize positive outcomes for self-esteem protection and setting lofty personal standards, self-enhancement is increasingly becoming a focal point in the study of choking. Our research draws from the self-focus theory and related studies, probing the mediating influence of self-enhancement on the relationship between high-pressure environments and choking tendencies. In our study, we used an experimental design based on dart-throwing as a representative model for sports performance under stress, aiming to elucidate the role of self-enhancement as a mediating variable in such settings. Involving fifty collegiate athletes, the study required participants to first complete a self-enhancement personality measure. They then engaged in dart-throwing tasks under two different conditions: one with low pressure and another with high pressure. Using statistical analysis tools SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.2, we discovered a link between high levels of self-enhancement, increased self-perceived cognitive pressure (β=.43, p<.01), and a higher chance of choking (β=.39, p<.01). The findings reveal that self-enhancement partially mediates the relationship between perceived pressure and performance, accounting for a variance of 30% in sports settings. It suggests that self-enhancement serves as a connecting factor between pressure perception and choking. These insights into self-enhancement tendencies provide valuable perspectives for designing future interventions to help mitigate choking. Such efforts could, in turn, potentially boost the competitiveness and longevity of collegiate athletes' performances.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China

  • School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming, China

  • School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China

  • School of Sports Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China

  • Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan

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