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Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry

Received: 15 November 2017     Accepted: 15 December 2017     Published: 14 March 2018
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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO2, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO2 were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO2 (P <.001) and 2% to 4% for HR (P =.016). SB was non-significantly higher by 0.5% to 2.1% for SV (P =.358). In addition, there was a significant interaction with increasing differences between SB and C (1% to 6%) with higher intensities for CdO2 (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
Page(s) 26-31
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Swiss Ball, Aerobic Arm Exercise, Cardiac Output, Oxygen Extraction

References
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[3] Gregory DE, NM Dunk, JP Callaghan. Stability ball versus office chair: Comparison of muscle activation and lumbar spine posture during prolonged sitting. Hum Factors 48 (1): 142-153, 2006.
[4] McGill, SM, NS Kavcic, E Harvey. Sitting on a chair or an exercise ball: Various perspectives to guide decision making. Clin Biomech 21: 353-360, 2006.
[5] Marks, CRC; Hylland, KE; Terrell, J. Stability Ball Sitting Versus Chair Sitting During Sub-maximal Arm Ergometry. Int J Exerc Sci 5(1):16-25, 2012.
[6] Marks, CRC; Dupuie, L; Patros, J. Stability Ball Sitting Elevates Peak Arm Ergometry Oxygen Consumption and Heart Rate. Int J Exerc Sci 5(4): 360-366, 2012.
[7] Marks CRC, K Bronsteen, B Hibner, JK Ehrman, D Kerrigan, SJ Keteyian. Cardiorespiratory Responses of Cardiac Rehabilitation Participants to Stability Ball Sitting during Arm Ergometry Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013;45(5 Suppl):S646.
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  • APA Style

    Charles Rex Christopher Marks, Cecelia Goulette. (2018). Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. American Journal of Sports Science, 6(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

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    ACS Style

    Charles Rex Christopher Marks; Cecelia Goulette. Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2018, 6(1), 26-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

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    AMA Style

    Charles Rex Christopher Marks, Cecelia Goulette. Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry. Am J Sports Sci. 2018;6(1):26-31. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15,
      author = {Charles Rex Christopher Marks and Cecelia Goulette},
      title = {Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry},
      journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {26-31},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20180601.15},
      abstract = {The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO2, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO2 were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO2 (P 2 (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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    T1  - Impact of Stability Ball Sitting on Stroke Volume, Oxygen Content Difference, and Heart Rate During Arm Ergometry
    AU  - Charles Rex Christopher Marks
    AU  - Cecelia Goulette
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
    T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
    JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
    SP  - 26
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8540
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180601.15
    AB  - The purpose of this study was to determine the contributions that heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and oxygen content difference (CdO2) make to the elevated oxygen consumption (VO2) due to stability ball (SB) sitting when compared to chair (C) sitting during arm ergometry. Methods: Rest and two stages of exercise were conducted twice, once on a stability ball and once on a chair (order randomized) during aerobic arm cranking. VO2, cardiac output, and HR, were measured at the end of rest and each stage of exercise. SV and CdO2 were calculated from measured parameters. Results: Repeated Measures ANOVA demonstrated that SB was significantly higher than C by 4% to 12% for VO2 (P 2 (P =.014). It was concluded that oxygen content differences make a larger contribution to the difference between SB and C at the higher intensity. The patterns of change with exercise for heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen content difference were similar between SB and C.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Human Movement Sciences, Exercise Science Program, Oakland University, Rochester, USA

  • Department of Human Movement Sciences, Exercise Science Program, Oakland University, Rochester, USA

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