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Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria

Received: 6 April 2020     Accepted: 22 April 2020     Published: 27 May 2020
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Abstract

This study involves the determination of metal concentration in air, water and soil samples at some selected flow stations in Delta State Nigeria. This is to ascertain the level of pollution of the environment by the companies located in the areas. Soil, air and water samples were collected in triplicate for a period of three months. The metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion and extraction. Results of water analysis showed mean copper in the ranged of 0.14±0.03, 0.03±0.02, 0.35±0.00 and 0.23±0.07 mg/L while zinc ranged from 0.06±0.02, 0.11±0.04, 0.29±0.16 and 2.52±0.97 mg/L for PPL, WRPC, AFS and TPS respectively. Cadmium was 0.06±0.01 and 0.05±0.05 mg/L at WRPC and AFS. Mean concentration of lead in soil ranged from 1.09±0.05, 0.95±0.21, 1.69±0.23 and 0.3±0.06 mg/kg; cadmium ranged from 5.26±0.53, 20.45±1.84, 67.48±11.35 and 0.36±0.15 mg/kg; zinc ranged from 38.26±28.50, 116.41±6.71, 682.33±44.82 and 200.44±20.67 mg/kg while copper ranged from 306.17±6.66, 39.64±8.37, 361.60±30.06 and 163.33±9.55 mg/kg for PPL, AFS, WRPC and TPS respectively. Results of air analysis showed of concentrations of lead to ranged from 0.05 – 0.11 µg/kg, cadmium 0.50 – 1.89 µg/kg, zinc 0.05-1.15 µg/kg and copper 0.17 – 0.55 µg/kg. The results of the analysis found the water to be most polluted followed by the soil while the air was the least. The results obtained from the study found some locations polluted while other slightly polluted. The pollution was therefore attributed to the nature of activities carried out at the various locations. It was therefore recommended that humans should consider the consequences for our actions and work to improve air, water and soil quality for future generation

Published in American Journal of Physical Chemistry (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
Page(s) 9-15
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Pollution, Location, Flow Station and Samples

References
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[9] Canter, L. (1996). Environmental impact of agricultural production activities, Lewis Publishers Inc., Chelsea, Michrigam, pp. 169-209.
[10] Imonitie, I. O. and Ndego, E. C. (2014) Hydrochemical investigation of ground water in Obiarukwu, Delta State, Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Science And Management 6 (2) 311-318.
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[16] Ahmad, I, Akhtar, M. J., Zahir, Z. A. and Jamil, A. (2012). Effects of Cadmium on seed germination and seedling growth of four wheat (Triticum aestirum L.) Cultivars, Pakistan Journal of Botany 44 (5): 1569-1574.
[17] Yourtchi, M. S. and Bayat, H. R. (2013). Effects of Cadmium Toxicity on Growth, Cadmium Accumulation and Micronutrient Content of Drumheat. International Journal of Agricultural and Crop Science. 6 (15): 10991103.
[18] Jiang, W., Lui, D. and Hou, W. (2001). Hyper Accumulation of Cadmium by Roots, Bulbs and Shoots of Garlic, Journal of Bio-resource Technology 76 (1): 9013.
[19] Wang, M., Zou, J., Duan, X., Jlang, W. and Liu, D (2007). Cadmium Accumulation and its Effects on Metal Uptake in Maize (zea mays L.) Journal of Bioresources and technology, 98 (1): 82-88.
[20] Kjaer, C. and Elmega and, N. (1996). Effects of Copper Sulphate on Black Bird weed (Polygonum ConvovulusL), Ecotoxicol and Environ Safety 33 (2): 110-117.
[21] Sheldon, A. R. and Menzies, N. W. (2005). The effects of Copper toxicity on growth and root morphology of Rhode Grass (Chloris Gayana Knuth) in Resin Buffered Solution Culture, Journal of Plantand Science 278 (1-2): 341-349.
[22] Kabata, A. P. (2001). Trace Elements in Soils and Plants, CRCPress, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, p. 278.
[23] Jayakumar, K., Jaleel, C. A. and Azooz, M. M. (2008). Phytochemical Changes in Green Gram (vigna radiate) under Cobalt stress, Global Journal of Molecular Sciences 3 (2): 46-49.
[24] Harrop, D. O. (2002). Air Quality Assessment and Management, A Practical Guide, Spon Press, USA and Canada, p. 278.
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    Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme, Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. (2020). Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. American Journal of Physical Chemistry, 9(1), 9-15. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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    ACS Style

    Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme; Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Am. J. Phys. Chem. 2020, 9(1), 9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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    AMA Style

    Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme, Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe. Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Am J Phys Chem. 2020;9(1):9-15. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12,
      author = {Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme and Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe},
      title = {Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria},
      journal = {American Journal of Physical Chemistry},
      volume = {9},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-15},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpc.20200901.12},
      abstract = {This study involves the determination of metal concentration in air, water and soil samples at some selected flow stations in Delta State Nigeria. This is to ascertain the level of pollution of the environment by the companies located in the areas. Soil, air and water samples were collected in triplicate for a period of three months. The metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion and extraction. Results of water analysis showed mean copper in the ranged of 0.14±0.03, 0.03±0.02, 0.35±0.00 and 0.23±0.07 mg/L while zinc ranged from 0.06±0.02, 0.11±0.04, 0.29±0.16 and 2.52±0.97 mg/L for PPL, WRPC, AFS and TPS respectively. Cadmium was 0.06±0.01 and 0.05±0.05 mg/L at WRPC and AFS. Mean concentration of lead in soil ranged from 1.09±0.05, 0.95±0.21, 1.69±0.23 and 0.3±0.06 mg/kg; cadmium ranged from 5.26±0.53, 20.45±1.84, 67.48±11.35 and 0.36±0.15 mg/kg; zinc ranged from 38.26±28.50, 116.41±6.71, 682.33±44.82 and 200.44±20.67 mg/kg while copper ranged from 306.17±6.66, 39.64±8.37, 361.60±30.06 and 163.33±9.55 mg/kg for PPL, AFS, WRPC and TPS respectively. Results of air analysis showed of concentrations of lead to ranged from 0.05 – 0.11 µg/kg, cadmium 0.50 – 1.89 µg/kg, zinc 0.05-1.15 µg/kg and copper 0.17 – 0.55 µg/kg. The results of the analysis found the water to be most polluted followed by the soil while the air was the least. The results obtained from the study found some locations polluted while other slightly polluted. The pollution was therefore attributed to the nature of activities carried out at the various locations. It was therefore recommended that humans should consider the consequences for our actions and work to improve air, water and soil quality for future generation},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Determination of Metal Concentration in Air, Soil and Water Samples at Some Selected Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria
    AU  - Valentine Ifenna Onwukeme
    AU  - Omonigho Frank Etienajirhevwe
    Y1  - 2020/05/27
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
    T2  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Physical Chemistry
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 15
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-2449
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpc.20200901.12
    AB  - This study involves the determination of metal concentration in air, water and soil samples at some selected flow stations in Delta State Nigeria. This is to ascertain the level of pollution of the environment by the companies located in the areas. Soil, air and water samples were collected in triplicate for a period of three months. The metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) after digestion and extraction. Results of water analysis showed mean copper in the ranged of 0.14±0.03, 0.03±0.02, 0.35±0.00 and 0.23±0.07 mg/L while zinc ranged from 0.06±0.02, 0.11±0.04, 0.29±0.16 and 2.52±0.97 mg/L for PPL, WRPC, AFS and TPS respectively. Cadmium was 0.06±0.01 and 0.05±0.05 mg/L at WRPC and AFS. Mean concentration of lead in soil ranged from 1.09±0.05, 0.95±0.21, 1.69±0.23 and 0.3±0.06 mg/kg; cadmium ranged from 5.26±0.53, 20.45±1.84, 67.48±11.35 and 0.36±0.15 mg/kg; zinc ranged from 38.26±28.50, 116.41±6.71, 682.33±44.82 and 200.44±20.67 mg/kg while copper ranged from 306.17±6.66, 39.64±8.37, 361.60±30.06 and 163.33±9.55 mg/kg for PPL, AFS, WRPC and TPS respectively. Results of air analysis showed of concentrations of lead to ranged from 0.05 – 0.11 µg/kg, cadmium 0.50 – 1.89 µg/kg, zinc 0.05-1.15 µg/kg and copper 0.17 – 0.55 µg/kg. The results of the analysis found the water to be most polluted followed by the soil while the air was the least. The results obtained from the study found some locations polluted while other slightly polluted. The pollution was therefore attributed to the nature of activities carried out at the various locations. It was therefore recommended that humans should consider the consequences for our actions and work to improve air, water and soil quality for future generation
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Deparment of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria

  • Chemistry Unit, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe, Oghara, Nigeria

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