Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia

Gobena Tesfaye; Feyisa Begna; Adisu Longle

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11

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Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia

Gobena Tesfaye^*

, Feyisa Begna, Adisu Longle

Published in American Journal of Plant Biology (Volume 11, Issue 1)

Received: 8 December 2025 Accepted: 20 December 2025 Published: 7 January 2026

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Abstract

Major cereals globally include wheat, maize, and rice, contributing 80% of production. In Ethiopia, key cereals are tef, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice, and finger millet. Maize accounts for 27.02% of annual grain production, followed by tef at 17.29%. Maize yields the highest per unit area at 3.7 t/ha, followed by rice and wheat. Ethiopia's mean national wheat yield is 2600.75 kg/ha, below African and global averages. Yield-reducing factors include soil fertility decline, weeds, diseases, and insects. Weeds significantly constrain cereal crop production and are crucial for yield increase. Weeds compete for resources, negatively impacting crop yield and increasing production costs. Weeds contribute to 45% of annual agricultural product losses globally. Crop yield losses due to weeds in Africa range from 50% to 100% for various crops. Limited studies exist on common weeds affecting Maize at the West Arsi and East shewa. The weed survey was conducted in East Shewa and West Arsi zones, Oromia. Assessment took place during the main cropping seasons of 2021-2023. The survey covered seven districts: ATJK, Dugda, Bora, Lume, Negelle Arsi, Shashemanne, and Kofele. Maize fields in 37 kebeles and 107 fields were included in the survey. Key parameters such as density, frequency, relative frequency and similarity index have been analyzed for each crop. Generally, for most crops and districts, annual broad leaf weeds dominated over grass and sedge type of weeds. The most dominant family that contained the highest number of weed species for all crops and fields assessed was Asteracae followed by Poaceace and Amaranthaceae families. In most cases weeds of a crop were similar across the various districts as indicated by similarity index. The frequency of individual weed species in maize fields ranged from 1% up to 91% while the dominance value ranged from 0.71% up to 21.92%. The most frequent and dominant weeds were Galensoga palviflora and Argemone mexicana L., Maize crop.

Published in	American Journal of Plant Biology (Volume 11, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11
Page(s)	1-7
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Maize, Assessment, Major Weeds, Galensoga Palviflora

1. Introduction

1.1. Background and Justification

Wheat, maize and rice contribute about 80% of the global cereal production. The major cereals grown in Ethiopia include tef (Eragrostistef), maize (Zea mays L.), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), sorghum (Sorghum biclor L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), and (Eleusine corocana L.) finger millet

[1]

. The highest proportion of annual grain production of the country comes from maize which makes up to 27.02% followed by teff (17.29%) of the total produce. Maize also gives the highest yield per unit area (3.7 t/ha), followed by rice (2.8 t/ha), wheat (2.6 t/ha), sorghum (2.5 t/ha), barley (2.1 t/ha), and tef (1.7 t/ha), respectively

[2]

Despite its importance in Ethiopia, the mean national yield is 2600.75kg/ha-1which is 12% below the mean yield of Africa and 24% below the global mean yield of wheat

[3]

. Yield reducing factors in cereal crops are soil fertility decline, weeds, disease, and insects. Weeds are one of the major constraints of cereal crops production and weed control is the key factor in increasing yield

[4, 5]

. Weeds are undesirable plants, which infest different crops and inflict negative effect on crop yield either competition for water or nutrients or space or light

[6]

. There are innumerable reports on the inhibitory effects of weeds on crop plants

[7]

. Research indicates that over 80 weed species, predominantly broad-leaved, severely impact maize productivity, causing yield losses ranging from 35% to 87.5% due to competition and toxicity

[8]

. Effective identification and management strategies are crucial for mitigating these losses. Although most farmers are less concerned about the negative impact that weeds impose on their crop, study results indicate that weeds share up to 45% of the total annual losses of agricultural products

[9]

Weeds surveys are commonly used to characterize weed populations in cropping systems

[10]

. Research indicated that, worldwide, over 10% of agricultural production is lost as a result of crop weed competition for the resources light, water and nutrients

[11, 12]

. According to

[13]

when weeds are left uncontrolled, yield losses range from 20-100%, depending upon the crop and its environment. The author reported loss estimates of 5% in developed countries, 10% in the less developed countries and 25% in the least developed countries

[12]

Therefore, to develop an effective weed management strategy, weed survey is necessary to address the current weed problems on major cereals crops. In addition, survey information is important in developing target-oriented research and control measure. So far, insufficient study has been conducted regarding the occurrence and distribution of common weeds associated with maize in central rift valley Ethiopia.

1.2. Objective

To identify and identify common weeds associated with Maize at a major production area of West Arsi and East Shewa.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. Description of the Study Area

The weed survey was conducted in East Shewa and West Arsi zones of Oromia Regional state during main cropping seasons of 2021-2023. The weed assessment survey was conducted in the seven Districts of ATJK, Dugda, Bora, Lume, Negelle Arsi, Shashemanne, and Kofele. The weed survey was conducted to assess Density, Frequency, Relative Density, Relative Frequency and Similarity index of weeds. The geographical locations of the surveyed areas were located in the rage of latitude and longitude of 8° 34' 59.99" N and 39° 09' 60.00" E and 7° 09' 60.00" N and 38° 49' 59.99" E respectively (Figure 1).

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Figure 1. Map of Survey Site.

2.2. Field Survey

Table 1. Characteristic Features of Surveyed Maize Fields in Two Zones of Study Area.

ZONE	Districs	Altitude (ab.ms.l)	no of field assesed
East Shewa	ATJK	1626-1841	13
	Dudga	1633-1670	16
	Bora	1590-1680	15
	Lume	1586-1920	14
West Arsi	Negelle Arsi	1604-1967	21
	Shashemanne	2168-2455	14
	Kofele	2398-2646	14
	Over all mean	1586-2646	107
	no of kebele		37

M. A. S. L. = Meter Above Sea Level

The survey was conducted at the Maize fields in 37 kebeles and 107 fields in the seven Districts of the two zones. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select Districts. Purposive sampling technique was applied to select Districts. Kebele were Randomly selected from each Districts based on the potential production of the Maize. Consecutive sample sites for the same crop were 5 km apart depending on the topography and the relative importance of the crop within each location. Weed assessment was made along the two diagonals (in an “X” pattern) of the field from three points 1m × 1m (1m²) quadrates for maize. Frequency (F), Density (D) and Similarity Index (SI) were computed for each species of weeds using the method of Thomas

[14]

. The collected weed data were combined and summarized. In each field, weeds specie and their numbers within the quadrates were counted and recorded.

Farmers were interviewed using pre-structured questionaries record information on farmers’ practices such as: - the cereal crop and management practices, variety/ies grown whether local or improved, previous crop (cereals, pulses or vegetables), planting date (sowing time), crop density, altitude, fertilizer type and rate, soil type, growth stage, disease type observed and herbicides used were collected as to the survey format.

2.3. Data Analysis

Density, Relative Density, Frequency, Relative Frequency and Similarity index were calculated by the following formula. The collected weed data were combined and summarized using MS Excel and Minitab (17.0) version software.

Density (D) =

\frac{Total No of individuals of a species in al l quadrant}{Total No of quadran used}

Frequency (F)=

\frac{No of quadrantes in which a given speceis ocuurs}{Total No of quadrant used}

Relative density (RD) =

\frac{Densityof a given species}{Rotal density for all spcies} X 100

Relative frequency (RF)=

\frac{Frequency of a given s pecies}{Total frequency for all species} X 100

Summed dominant ratio (SDR) =

\frac{Relative density}{Relative frequency} X 100

Similarity Index (SI) = Epg/(Epg + Epa + Epb) X 100

Where; SI = Similarity index, Epg = number of species found in both locations, Epa = number of species found only in location I. Epb = number of species found only in locations II.

3. Result and Discussion

3.1. Diversity of Weeds

Table 2. Number of Weed Families and Number of Species They Comprise in the Maize Fields.

No.	Family	No. of species	No.	Family	No. of species
1	Asteraceae	9	11	Commelinaceae	1
2	Poaceae	7	12	Compositae	1
3	Amaranthaceae	4	13	Eragrostidae	1
4	Lamiaceae	3	14	Malvaceae	1
5	Solanaceae	3	15	Oxalidaceae	1
6	Brassicaceae	2	16	Panicae	1
7	Convolvulaceae	2	17	Papaveraceae	1
8	Cyperaceae	2	18	Primulaceae	1
9	Euphorbiaceae	2	19	Protulaceae	1
10	Polygonaceae	2	20	Rubiaceae	1
	Total				46

In the surveyed Maize fields, 46 weed species that belonged to 20 families were recorded of which 46 species (72.34%) were annuals, 11 weed species (23.40%) were perennials and 2 species (4.25%) were Biennials. About 78.26% were Broad leaf; 17.4% were grass type and 4.35 were sedge types of weed species.

3.2. Weed Flora of Maize Fields

The frequency of occurrence of individual weed species ranged from 1%-91% (Table 3). Dominant weeds were those species which occurred in relatively greater number than the others species. Ten of weed species recorded in Maize fields i.e Cynodon dactlyon, Digitaria diagonalis, Cyprus esculentus, Bidense Pilosa, Gozotia abisinica Argemone mexicana L., Amaranthus spinosus, Commelina benghalensis, Nicandra physlodes, Galensoga palviflora were widely distributed with higher than 35% frequency while 10 weed species have less than 30% frequency value. The species have highest frequency 91% was Galensoga palviflora followed by Nicandra physlodes, Argemone mexicana L, Amaranthus spinosus and Commelina benghalensis which scores 62%, 58%, 56% and 52% respectively. This indicates broad leaf is dominated over grass weed in the Maize field similar study with

[15]

which indicates dominant species broad-leaved weeds such as Ipomea eriocarpa and Setaria viridis are prevalent in maize fields.

Table 3. Description of Density, Frequency, Relative Density, and Relative Frequency of Weed in Maize Fields.

Botaical Name	family	Catagories	Life cycle	Density	Frequ ency	RD	FR	SD
Agerantum conyoides	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.18	0.11	1.38	1.24	111.50
Amaranthus hybridus	Amaranthaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.53	0.05	0.97	0.56	172.39
Amaranthus retroflexus	Amaranthaceae	Broad Leaf	Biennial	1.33	0.01	0.84	0.11	747.65
Amaranthus spinosus	Amaranthaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.07	0.56	1.31	6.19	21.12
Anagallis arvensis	Primulaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.90	0.13	1.20	1.46	82.05
Argemone mexicana L	Papaveraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	4.20	0.52	2.65	5.74	46.25
Avena fatua	Poaceae	Grassy	Annual	2.76	0.15	1.74	1.69	103.27
Bidense pilosa	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.07	0.38	1.31	4.16	31.48
Brassica juncea	Brassicaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	0.95	0.14	0.60	1.58	38.24
Chenopodium album	Amaranthaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.36	0.23	1.49	2.59	57.74
Commelina benghalensis	Commelinaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.29	0.58	1.45	6.41	22.55
Convolvulus	Convolvulaceae	Broad Leaf	Pennerial	0.78	0.06	0.49	0.68	72.87
Cyanthillium cinereum	Brassicaceae	Broad Leaf	Biennial	4.00	0.01	2.53	0.11	2248.57
Cynodon dactlyon	Poaceae	Grassy	Pennerial	3.57	0.35	2.26	3.83	59.00
Cyprus esculentus	Cyperaceae	Sedge	Pennerial	7.10	0.37	4.49	4.05	110.90
Cyprus rotundus	Cyperaceae	Sedge	Pennerial	4.52	0.07	2.86	0.79	363.29
Datura stramonium	Solanaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.17	0.18	0.74	2.03	36.44
Digitaria diagonalis	Poaceae	Grassy	Pennerial	4.30	0.36	2.72	3.94	69.14
Echinochloa esculenta	Poaceae	Grassy	Pennerial	3.87	0.05	2.45	0.56	434.72
Eleusine indica	Poaceae	Grassy	Pennerial	2.70	0.18	1.71	2.03	84.44
Eragrostis cilianen	Eragrostidae	Grassy	Annual	3.28	0.20	2.08	2.25	92.29
Euphorbia esula	Euphorbiaceae	Broad Leaf	Pennerial	1.20	0.10	0.76	1.13	67.46
Euphorbia hirta	Euphorbiaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	21.92	0.04	13.86	0.45	3080.07
Galensoga palviflora	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	8.63	0.91	5.46	10.01	54.48
Galium spurium	Rubiaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.73	0.05	1.73	0.56	307.30
Gozotia abisinica	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.37	0.39	1.50	4.28	35.04
Ipomoea indica	Convolvulaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	0.71	0.07	0.45	0.79	57.36
Leucas aspera	Lamiaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.74	0.09	1.10	1.01	108.73
Malva parviflora	Malvaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.80	0.05	1.77	0.56	314.80
Nicandra physlodes	Solanaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.88	0.62	1.82	6.86	26.54
Ocimum lamiifolium	Lamiaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.11	0.03	0.70	0.34	208.20
Oxalis acetosella	Oxalidaceae	Broad Leaf	Pennerial	4.29	0.07	2.71	0.79	344.17
Oxygonum sinuatum Meisn.	Polygonaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.53	0.19	0.97	2.14	45.16
Parthiunium Hysterophoros	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.88	0.20	1.19	2.25	52.94
Pennisetum setaceum	Poaceae	Grassy	Pennerial	3.95	0.21	2.50	2.36	105.80
Polygonum arenastrum	Polygonaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	8.42	0.08	5.32	0.90	591.42
Portulaca oleraceus	Protulaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.33	0.06	0.84	0.68	124.92
salvia officinalis	Lamiaceae	Broad Leaf	Pennerial	2.53	0.15	1.60	1.69	94.94
Setaria pumila	Poaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	3.22	0.09	2.04	1.01	201.26
Setria verticelata	Panicae	Grassy	Annual	3.06	0.27	1.94	2.93	66.25
Silybum marianum	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Biennial	2.78	0.03	1.76	0.34	520.29
Solanum nigrum	Solanaceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	2.13	0.05	1.35	0.56	239.92
Sonchus oleraceus	Compositae	Broad Leaf	Annual	0.83	0.02	0.53	0.23	234.23
Tagetes minuta	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	8.60	0.05	5.44	0.56	966.89
Xanthium spinosum	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	0.88	0.08	0.55	0.90	61.48
Xanthium strumarium	Asteraceae	Broad Leaf	Annual	1.61	0.29	1.02	3.15	32.27

3.3. Weed Similarity Index

Similarity index (community index) is the similarity of plant species composition among different districts. When the percent of the Weed Similarity Index (WSI) were greater than 60% thus require /similar weed management options and vice versa. The survey result showed that similarity index value between ATJK and Dugda, ATJK and Lume and ATJK and Negelle Arsi than 60% (Table 4); it can be concluded that the locations exhibited similar weed community and thus require similar management options. While ATJK and Bora, ATJK and Shashemanne. Kofele were less than 60%. Also, Dugda and Bora and Lume were greater than 60. While Dugda and Negelle Arsi, Shashemanne and Kofele were performed less than 60% weed similarity index. Bora and Lume showed 69.23%. while Bora and Negelle Arsi, Shashemanne and Kofele were less 60%. Even if Bora and Shashemanne were huge difference (29.89%) from rest of others. Lume and Negelle Arsi were (64.90% WSI) while Lume and Shashemanne and Kofele were Less than 60%. Negelle Arsi and Shashemanne were showed 45.24% and Negelle arsi and Kofele were 60%. Finally, the weed similarity index (WSI) between Shashemanne and Kofele recorded during survey was 39.39%. This due to agro-ecological location different and different weed management practices similarly reported

[16]

Table 4. Number of Weed Families Identified and Number of Species They Comprise in Maize Fields.

District	ATJK	Dugda	Bora	Lume	Negelle A	Shashe	Kofele
ATJK	100.00%	69.23%	58.13%	70.20%	61.90%	38.09%	50.00%
Dugda		100.00%	63.41%	70.20%	53.49%	41.46%	46.20%
Bora			100.00%	69.23%	54.54%	29.89%	46.15%
Lume				100.00%	64.90%	50.00%	47.30%
Negelle A					100.00%	45.24%	60.00%
Shashe						100.00%	39.39%
Kofele							100.00%

4. Conclusion

In the current study, a total of 107 fields were surveyed for weed flora and fauna of Maize crop, and different weed families and species were identified in the East Shewa and West Arsi zones. The importance of each species was determined by calculating the Frequency, dominant, Density and similarity index values. Generally, annual broad weed leaves dominated over grass and sedge types for Maize. The most dominant families according to frequency and number of weed species were Asteraceae, Poaceace, Solanaceae and Amaranthaceae. The most frequent and dominant weed species consisted of Galensoga Palviflora, Argemen Mexicana and Nicandra physlodas for Maize crop fields.

The current study has documented important weeds of Maize in representative and potential Agro-ecologies of the respective crops. As the weeds recorded were described in detail – by families, species and frequency, this information can be useful to prioritize weed management research and management strategies to pursue in the future for the various crops and districts.

5. Recommendation

5.1. Districts with Similar Weed Species for the Maize Fields

Districts with a WSI greater than 60% (e.g., ATJK and Dugda, ATJK and Lume, Dugda and Bora, etc.) should implement similar weed management practices due to their similar weed species compositions.

5.2. Districts with Diverse Weed Species

Districts with a WSI less than 60% (e.g., ATJK and Shashemanne, Dugda and Shashemanne, Bora and Shashemanne, etc.) require tailored weed management strategies to address their unique weed communities.

Abbreviations

ATJK	Adami Tulu Jido Combolcha
MSL	Above Sea Level

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

References

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Tesfaye, G., Begna, F., Longle, A. (2026). Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia. American Journal of Plant Biology, 11(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11

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Tesfaye, G.; Begna, F.; Longle, A. Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia. Am. J. Plant Biol. 2026, 11(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11

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Tesfaye G, Begna F, Longle A. Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia. Am J Plant Biol. 2026;11(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11,
author = {Gobena Tesfaye and Feyisa Begna and Adisu Longle},
title = {Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia},
journal = {American Journal of Plant Biology},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpb.20261101.11},
abstract = {Major cereals globally include wheat, maize, and rice, contributing 80% of production. In Ethiopia, key cereals are tef, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice, and finger millet. Maize accounts for 27.02% of annual grain production, followed by tef at 17.29%. Maize yields the highest per unit area at 3.7 t/ha, followed by rice and wheat. Ethiopia's mean national wheat yield is 2600.75 kg/ha, below African and global averages. Yield-reducing factors include soil fertility decline, weeds, diseases, and insects. Weeds significantly constrain cereal crop production and are crucial for yield increase. Weeds compete for resources, negatively impacting crop yield and increasing production costs. Weeds contribute to 45% of annual agricultural product losses globally. Crop yield losses due to weeds in Africa range from 50% to 100% for various crops. Limited studies exist on common weeds affecting Maize at the West Arsi and East shewa. The weed survey was conducted in East Shewa and West Arsi zones, Oromia. Assessment took place during the main cropping seasons of 2021-2023. The survey covered seven districts: ATJK, Dugda, Bora, Lume, Negelle Arsi, Shashemanne, and Kofele. Maize fields in 37 kebeles and 107 fields were included in the survey. Key parameters such as density, frequency, relative frequency and similarity index have been analyzed for each crop. Generally, for most crops and districts, annual broad leaf weeds dominated over grass and sedge type of weeds. The most dominant family that contained the highest number of weed species for all crops and fields assessed was Asteracae followed by Poaceace and Amaranthaceae families. In most cases weeds of a crop were similar across the various districts as indicated by similarity index. The frequency of individual weed species in maize fields ranged from 1% up to 91% while the dominance value ranged from 0.71% up to 21.92%. The most frequent and dominant weeds were Galensoga palviflora and Argemone mexicana L., Maize crop.},
year = {2026}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia
AU - Gobena Tesfaye
AU - Feyisa Begna
AU - Adisu Longle
Y1 - 2026/01/07
PY - 2026
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11
DO - 10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11
T2 - American Journal of Plant Biology
JF - American Journal of Plant Biology
JO - American Journal of Plant Biology
SP - 1
EP - 7
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-8337
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11
AB - Major cereals globally include wheat, maize, and rice, contributing 80% of production. In Ethiopia, key cereals are tef, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, rice, and finger millet. Maize accounts for 27.02% of annual grain production, followed by tef at 17.29%. Maize yields the highest per unit area at 3.7 t/ha, followed by rice and wheat. Ethiopia's mean national wheat yield is 2600.75 kg/ha, below African and global averages. Yield-reducing factors include soil fertility decline, weeds, diseases, and insects. Weeds significantly constrain cereal crop production and are crucial for yield increase. Weeds compete for resources, negatively impacting crop yield and increasing production costs. Weeds contribute to 45% of annual agricultural product losses globally. Crop yield losses due to weeds in Africa range from 50% to 100% for various crops. Limited studies exist on common weeds affecting Maize at the West Arsi and East shewa. The weed survey was conducted in East Shewa and West Arsi zones, Oromia. Assessment took place during the main cropping seasons of 2021-2023. The survey covered seven districts: ATJK, Dugda, Bora, Lume, Negelle Arsi, Shashemanne, and Kofele. Maize fields in 37 kebeles and 107 fields were included in the survey. Key parameters such as density, frequency, relative frequency and similarity index have been analyzed for each crop. Generally, for most crops and districts, annual broad leaf weeds dominated over grass and sedge type of weeds. The most dominant family that contained the highest number of weed species for all crops and fields assessed was Asteracae followed by Poaceace and Amaranthaceae families. In most cases weeds of a crop were similar across the various districts as indicated by similarity index. The frequency of individual weed species in maize fields ranged from 1% up to 91% while the dominance value ranged from 0.71% up to 21.92%. The most frequent and dominant weeds were Galensoga palviflora and Argemone mexicana L., Maize crop.
VL - 11
IS - 1
ER -

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Gobena Tesfaye

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tullu Agricultural Research Center, Ziway, Ethiopia

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http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-002X
Feyisa Begna

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tullu Agricultural Research Center, Ziway, Ethiopia
Adisu Longle

Oromia Agricultural Research Institute, Adami Tullu Agricultural Research Center, Ziway, Ethiopia

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Figure 1

Figure 1. Map of Survey Site.

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APA Style

Tesfaye, G., Begna, F., Longle, A. (2026). Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia. American Journal of Plant Biology, 11(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11

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ACS Style

Tesfaye, G.; Begna, F.; Longle, A. Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia. Am. J. Plant Biol. 2026, 11(1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11

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AMA Style

Tesfaye G, Begna F, Longle A. Assessment and Identification of Major Weeds on Maize (Zea mays) in East Shewa and West Arsi, Zones, Oromia. Am J Plant Biol. 2026;11(1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpb.20261101.11

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