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An Equation for the Prediction of Oxygen Consumption in Chinese Adults

Received: 28 October 2021     Accepted: 23 November 2021     Published: 24 November 2021
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Abstract

To develop and validate a reference equation (RE) for prediction of VO2peak in Chinese adults and compare the equation cited by Wasserman, Edvardsen, Nevil and Itoh. we reviewed the data of 554 adults with treadmill Bruce protocol of CPET (breath by breath) from R+ clinic in Chengdu. Ultimately, 313 adults (aged from 20-59 years) including smokers, obese, were judged to have normal cardiorespiratory system without vascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes and other chronic pulmonary disease based on case history, physical, electrocardiogram during rest and exercise, and exercise performance. The 313 sample was divided into 80% construction group (CG) and 20% validation group (VG) using a case random method. Oxygen consumption, Maximal heart rate (HRmax) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were collected in the state of exhaustion. The influence of potential confounding factors, such as age, sex, weight, height and BMI were analyzed for their influencing power at the RE. The equation was predicted by regression analyses. RE was also tested in the VG. Simultaneously, we compared measure VO2peak with predicted values calculated with four equations from Wasserman, Edvardsen, Nevil and Itoh. The line chart that predicted VO2max changes in BMI, height classification and measured among equations was plotted. The mean age and VO2max were 36.63±9.49 years and 32.82 ± 6.01 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively. For model construction, two prediction equations with acceptable accuracy were developed (R2 = 0.67 - 0.71; SEE = 0.02028 - 0.02033). In VG, the difference was not significant between measured and predicted VO2peak from model 2 and model 1 (P > 0.05). However, difference came up between the average VO2peak predicted by cited equation and the CPET measured VO2peak, as well as the difference gotten from the RE (P < 0.001). RE presents VO2max values close to those directly measured by CPET, while Europe and America equations overestimated the VO2max. The predicted values of VO2max calculated from Itoh equation revealed a very good consistence among normal and low weight.

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13
Page(s) 173-179
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

VO2peak, Equation, Chinese Adults

References
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[2] Swift DL, Lavie CJ, Johannsen NM, et al. Physical activity, cardio-respiratory fitness, and exercise training in primary and secondary coronary prevention. Circ J. 2013; 77 (2): 281–292.
[3] Myers J, Prakash M, Froelicher V, et al. Exercise capacity and mortality among men referred for exercise testing. N Engl J Med. 2002; 346: 793–801.
[4] Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2009; 301: 2024–2035.
[5] Hansen JE, Sue DY, Wasserman K. Predicted values for clinical exercise testing. Am Rev Respir Dis 1984; 129: S49–S55.
[6] Jones NL, Makrides L, Hitchcock C, et al. Normal standards for an incremental progressive cycle ergometer test. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985; 131: 700–708.
[7] Sue DY, Hansen JE. Normal values in adults during exercise testing. Clin Chest Med 1984; 5: 89–98.
[8] Wasserman K, Hansen JE, Sue DY, et al. Principle exercise testing and interpretation. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2005. p. 80-1, 160-7.
[9] Myers JN. Essentials of cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Champaign, III: Human Kinetics; 1996. p. 4-8.
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[13] American Thoracic Society, American College of Chest Physicians. ATS/ACCP Statement on cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 167: 211–277.
[14] Itoh H, Taniguchi K, Koike A, et al. Evaluation of severity of heart failure using ventilatory gas analysis. Circulation. 1990; 81 (1 Suppl): II31-II37.
[15] Edvardsen E, Hansen BH, Holme IM, et al. Reference values for cardiorespiratory response and fitness on the treadmill in a 20- to 85-year-old population. Chest. 2013; 144 (1): 241-248. doi: 10.1378/chest.12-1458.
[16] Nevil AM, Myers J, Kaminsky LA, et al. Improving reference equations for cardiorespiratory fitness using multiplicative allometric rather than additive linear models: Data from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database Registry. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2019; 62 (6): 515-521.
[17] ACSM’s Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006. p. 4.
[18] Bruce RA, Kusumi F, & Hosmer D. Maximal oxygen intake and nomographic assessment of functional aerobic impairment in cardiovascular disease. Am Heart J, 1973; 85 (4), 546–562.
[19] Almeida AE, Stefani CM, Nascimento JA, et al. An equation for the prediction of oxygen consumption in a Brazilian population. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2014; 103 (4): 299-307.
[20] Aspenes ST, Nilsen TI, Skaug EA, et al. Peak oxygen uptake and cardiovascular risk factors in 4631 healthy women and men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011; 43 (8): 1465-73.
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  • APA Style

    Li Chen, Runwen Qi, Wen Zhou, Xi Chen, Shaohong Zhang, et al. (2021). An Equation for the Prediction of Oxygen Consumption in Chinese Adults. American Journal of Life Sciences, 9(6), 173-179. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13

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    ACS Style

    Li Chen; Runwen Qi; Wen Zhou; Xi Chen; Shaohong Zhang, et al. An Equation for the Prediction of Oxygen Consumption in Chinese Adults. Am. J. Life Sci. 2021, 9(6), 173-179. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13

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    AMA Style

    Li Chen, Runwen Qi, Wen Zhou, Xi Chen, Shaohong Zhang, et al. An Equation for the Prediction of Oxygen Consumption in Chinese Adults. Am J Life Sci. 2021;9(6):173-179. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13,
      author = {Li Chen and Runwen Qi and Wen Zhou and Xi Chen and Shaohong Zhang and Jiaming Ye and Zijun Ge and Sijing Ye and Chao Liu},
      title = {An Equation for the Prediction of Oxygen Consumption in Chinese Adults},
      journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
      volume = {9},
      number = {6},
      pages = {173-179},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20210906.13},
      abstract = {To develop and validate a reference equation (RE) for prediction of VO2peak in Chinese adults and compare the equation cited by Wasserman, Edvardsen, Nevil and Itoh. we reviewed the data of 554 adults with treadmill Bruce protocol of CPET (breath by breath) from R+ clinic in Chengdu. Ultimately, 313 adults (aged from 20-59 years) including smokers, obese, were judged to have normal cardiorespiratory system without vascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes and other chronic pulmonary disease based on case history, physical, electrocardiogram during rest and exercise, and exercise performance. The 313 sample was divided into 80% construction group (CG) and 20% validation group (VG) using a case random method. Oxygen consumption, Maximal heart rate (HRmax) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were collected in the state of exhaustion. The influence of potential confounding factors, such as age, sex, weight, height and BMI were analyzed for their influencing power at the RE. The equation was predicted by regression analyses. RE was also tested in the VG. Simultaneously, we compared measure VO2peak with predicted values calculated with four equations from Wasserman, Edvardsen, Nevil and Itoh. The line chart that predicted VO2max changes in BMI, height classification and measured among equations was plotted. The mean age and VO2max were 36.63±9.49 years and 32.82 ± 6.01 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively. For model construction, two prediction equations with acceptable accuracy were developed (R2 = 0.67 - 0.71; SEE = 0.02028 - 0.02033). In VG, the difference was not significant between measured and predicted VO2peak from model 2 and model 1 (P > 0.05). However, difference came up between the average VO2peak predicted by cited equation and the CPET measured VO2peak, as well as the difference gotten from the RE (P 2max values close to those directly measured by CPET, while Europe and America equations overestimated the VO2max. The predicted values of VO2max calculated from Itoh equation revealed a very good consistence among normal and low weight.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - An Equation for the Prediction of Oxygen Consumption in Chinese Adults
    AU  - Li Chen
    AU  - Runwen Qi
    AU  - Wen Zhou
    AU  - Xi Chen
    AU  - Shaohong Zhang
    AU  - Jiaming Ye
    AU  - Zijun Ge
    AU  - Sijing Ye
    AU  - Chao Liu
    Y1  - 2021/11/24
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13
    T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    SP  - 173
    EP  - 179
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20210906.13
    AB  - To develop and validate a reference equation (RE) for prediction of VO2peak in Chinese adults and compare the equation cited by Wasserman, Edvardsen, Nevil and Itoh. we reviewed the data of 554 adults with treadmill Bruce protocol of CPET (breath by breath) from R+ clinic in Chengdu. Ultimately, 313 adults (aged from 20-59 years) including smokers, obese, were judged to have normal cardiorespiratory system without vascular disease (CVD), hypertension, diabetes and other chronic pulmonary disease based on case history, physical, electrocardiogram during rest and exercise, and exercise performance. The 313 sample was divided into 80% construction group (CG) and 20% validation group (VG) using a case random method. Oxygen consumption, Maximal heart rate (HRmax) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) were collected in the state of exhaustion. The influence of potential confounding factors, such as age, sex, weight, height and BMI were analyzed for their influencing power at the RE. The equation was predicted by regression analyses. RE was also tested in the VG. Simultaneously, we compared measure VO2peak with predicted values calculated with four equations from Wasserman, Edvardsen, Nevil and Itoh. The line chart that predicted VO2max changes in BMI, height classification and measured among equations was plotted. The mean age and VO2max were 36.63±9.49 years and 32.82 ± 6.01 ml.kg-1.min-1, respectively. For model construction, two prediction equations with acceptable accuracy were developed (R2 = 0.67 - 0.71; SEE = 0.02028 - 0.02033). In VG, the difference was not significant between measured and predicted VO2peak from model 2 and model 1 (P > 0.05). However, difference came up between the average VO2peak predicted by cited equation and the CPET measured VO2peak, as well as the difference gotten from the RE (P 2max values close to those directly measured by CPET, while Europe and America equations overestimated the VO2max. The predicted values of VO2max calculated from Itoh equation revealed a very good consistence among normal and low weight.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

  • R+ Clinic, Chengdu, China

  • R+ Clinic, Chengdu, China

  • R+ Clinic, Chengdu, China

  • Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

  • R+ Clinic, Chengdu, China

  • R+ Clinic, Chengdu, China

  • R+ Clinic, Chengdu, China

  • Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China

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