| Peer-Reviewed

The Influence of Preventive Multiple Micronutrients Supplementation on Liver Steatosis in High-cholesterol Fed C57BL6/N Mice

Received: 12 May 2013     Published: 30 May 2013
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Liver steatosis development was obtained after high cholesterol diet (HCD) in C57BL6/N mice. Mice were preliminarily treated for 10 days with multiple micronutrients contained in a commercial food supplement called Citozym (CIZ), and successively for 40 days with CIZ and HCD, to compare the protection effect of used compounds on liver metabolism and metabolic steatosis. At the end of the experiments, livers were dissected for histological examinations. Plasma total cholesterol (TCH), triacylglycerol (TAG) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were significantly higher in all HCD-fed mice. These data support a lipotoxic model of cholesterol-mediated hepatic steatosis. We found that the administration of CIZ to HCD-mouse model of steatosis significantly decreased plasma TCH, TAG, ALT and AST levels along with a reduction of the accumulated fat and inflammation in the liver. These findings suggest that a preventive and continuative treatment of CIZ exerts a protective effect against metabolic hepatosteatosis.

Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16
Page(s) 55-60
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2013. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Micronutrients, Antioxidants, Cholesterol, NAFLD, Metabolic Steatosis

References
[1] Cordain L, Eaton SB, Sebastian A, Mann N, Lindeberg S, Watkins BA, O’Keefe JH & Brand-Miller J. Origins and evolution of the Western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 81(2):341-354.
[2] Farrell GC & Larter CZ. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: from steatosis to cirrhosis. Hepatology. 2006; 43(2 Suppl 1):S99-S112.
[3] Day CP & James OF. Steatohepatitis: a tale of two "hits"? Gastroenterology. 1998; 114(4):842-845
[4] Kartal Ozer N, Negis Y & Aytan N. Molecular mechanism of cholesterol or homocysteine effect in the development of atherosclerosis: role of vitamin E. Biofactors. 2003;19:63–70
[5] Unger RH. Lipotoxic diseases. Annu Rev Med. 2002; 53:319–336
[6] Friis-Liby I, Aldenborg F, Jerlstad P, Rundström K & Björnsson E. High prevalence of metabolic complications in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Scand J. Gastroenterol 2004; 39: 864-869
[7] Mukhopadhyay-Sardar S, Rana MP & Chatterjee M. Antioxidant associated chemoprevention by selenomethionine in murine tumor model. Mol Cell Biochem. 2000; 206(1–2):17–25
[8] Antonelli F & Beninati S. Enhanced survival of B16-F10 melanoma tumour-bearing C57BL6/N mice treated with a mixture of antioxidants in: Recent Res Devel in Life Sci. 2011;5:51-60 Research Signpost, Trivandrum India.
[9] Torricelli P, Ferorelli P, De Martino A, Antonelli F &Beninati S. Preventive Effects of A Mixture of Micronutrients with Antioxidative Properties on Experimentally Induced Prostate Hyperplasia. American J Life Sci. 2013; 1(1): 22-26.
[10] Yang SQ, Zhu H, Li Y, Gabrielson K, Trush MA & Diehl AM: Mitochondrial Adaptations to Obesity-Related Oxidant Stress. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000; 378(2):259-268.
[11] Curzio M, Esterbauer H & Dianzani MU: Chemotacticactivity of hydroxyalkenals on rat neutrophils. Int J Tiss Reac 1985; 7:137-142.
[12] Noda S, Haratake J, Sasaki A, Ishii N, Umezaki H & Horie A. Acute encephalopathy with hepatic steatosis induced by pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate, in dogs. Liver. 1991;11(3):134-142.
[13] Bertolini S, Donati C, Elicio N, Daga A, Cuzzolaro S, Marcenaro A, Saturnino M & Balestreri R. Lipoprotein changes induced by pantethine in hyperlipoproteinemic patients: adults and children. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1986; 24(11):630-637.
[14] Osono Y, Hirose N, Nakajima K & Hata Y. The effects of pantethine on fatty liver and fat distribution. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2000; 7(1): 55-58.
[15] Buettner R, Bettermann I, Hechtl C, Gäbele E, Hellerbrand C, Schölmerich J & Bollheimer LC. Dietary Folic Acid Activates AMPK and Improves Insulin Resistance and Hepatic Inflammation in Dietary Rodent Models of the Metabolic Syndrome. Horm Metab Res. 2010; 42(11): 769-774.
[16] Oliveira CP, da Costa Gayotto LC, Tatai C, Della Bina BI, Janiszewski M, Lima ES, Abdalla DS, Lopasso FP, Laurindo FR & Laudanna AA. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, in rats fed with a choline-deficient diet. J Cell Mol Med. 2002; 6(3):399-406.
[17] Yin Y, Yu Z, Xia M, Luo X, Lu X & Ling W. Vitamin D attenuates high fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in rats by modulating lipid metabolism. Eur J Clin Invest. 2012; 42(11):1189-1196.
[18] Okazaki Y & Katayama T. Effects of dietary carbohydrate and myoinositol on metabolic changes in rats fed 1, 1, 1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT). J Nutr Biochem. 2003; 14: 81-9.
[19] Tabas I. Consequences of cellular cholesterol accumulation: basic concepts and physiological implications. J Clin Invest. 2002; 110(7):905-911.
[20] Tall AR, Costet P & Wang N. Regulation and mechanisms of macrophage cholesterol efflux. J Clin Invest. 2002; 110 (7):899–904.
[21] Bjorkhem I. Do oxysterols control cholesterol homeostasis?. J Clin Invest. vol. 2002; 110 (6):725–730.
[22] Alger HM, Brown JM, Sawyer JK, Kelley KL, Shah R, Wilson MD, Willingham MC & Rudel LL. Inhibition of acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase 2 (ACAT2) prevents dietary cholesterol-associated steatosis by enhancing hepatic triglyceride mobilization. J Biol Chem. 2010; 285(19):14267-14274.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Torricelli P., Ferorelli P., De Martino A., Antonelli F., Beninati S. (2013). The Influence of Preventive Multiple Micronutrients Supplementation on Liver Steatosis in High-cholesterol Fed C57BL6/N Mice. American Journal of Life Sciences, 1(2), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Torricelli P.; Ferorelli P.; De Martino A.; Antonelli F.; Beninati S. The Influence of Preventive Multiple Micronutrients Supplementation on Liver Steatosis in High-cholesterol Fed C57BL6/N Mice. Am. J. Life Sci. 2013, 1(2), 55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Torricelli P., Ferorelli P., De Martino A., Antonelli F., Beninati S. The Influence of Preventive Multiple Micronutrients Supplementation on Liver Steatosis in High-cholesterol Fed C57BL6/N Mice. Am J Life Sci. 2013;1(2):55-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16,
      author = {Torricelli P. and Ferorelli P. and De Martino A. and Antonelli F. and Beninati S.},
      title = {The Influence of Preventive Multiple Micronutrients Supplementation on Liver Steatosis in High-cholesterol Fed C57BL6/N Mice},
      journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
      volume = {1},
      number = {2},
      pages = {55-60},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20130102.16},
      abstract = {Liver steatosis development was obtained after high cholesterol diet (HCD) in C57BL6/N mice. Mice were preliminarily treated for 10 days with multiple micronutrients contained in a commercial food supplement called Citozym (CIZ), and successively for 40 days with CIZ and HCD, to compare the protection effect of used compounds on liver metabolism and metabolic steatosis. At the end of the experiments, livers were dissected for histological examinations. Plasma total cholesterol (TCH), triacylglycerol (TAG) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were significantly higher in all HCD-fed mice. These data support a lipotoxic model of cholesterol-mediated hepatic steatosis. We found that the administration of CIZ to HCD-mouse model of steatosis significantly decreased plasma TCH, TAG, ALT and AST levels along with a reduction of the accumulated fat and inflammation in the liver. These findings suggest that a preventive and continuative treatment of CIZ exerts a protective effect against metabolic hepatosteatosis.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Influence of Preventive Multiple Micronutrients Supplementation on Liver Steatosis in High-cholesterol Fed C57BL6/N Mice
    AU  - Torricelli P.
    AU  - Ferorelli P.
    AU  - De Martino A.
    AU  - Antonelli F.
    AU  - Beninati S.
    Y1  - 2013/05/30
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16
    T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    SP  - 55
    EP  - 60
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20130102.16
    AB  - Liver steatosis development was obtained after high cholesterol diet (HCD) in C57BL6/N mice. Mice were preliminarily treated for 10 days with multiple micronutrients contained in a commercial food supplement called Citozym (CIZ), and successively for 40 days with CIZ and HCD, to compare the protection effect of used compounds on liver metabolism and metabolic steatosis. At the end of the experiments, livers were dissected for histological examinations. Plasma total cholesterol (TCH), triacylglycerol (TAG) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) concentrations were significantly higher in all HCD-fed mice. These data support a lipotoxic model of cholesterol-mediated hepatic steatosis. We found that the administration of CIZ to HCD-mouse model of steatosis significantly decreased plasma TCH, TAG, ALT and AST levels along with a reduction of the accumulated fat and inflammation in the liver. These findings suggest that a preventive and continuative treatment of CIZ exerts a protective effect against metabolic hepatosteatosis.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department SPES, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy

  • Department SPES, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy

  • University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Dept Biology, Roma, Italy

  • University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Dept Biology, Roma, Italy

  • University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Dept Biology, Roma, Italy

  • Sections