Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable tool in our daily lives and is a concept that refers to complex tasks that usually require significant human effort. Chatbots stand out as one of the primary applications of artificial intelligence, aiming to foster an interactive dialogue environment between humans and machines to address inquiries through textual or voice interfaces that simulate human cognition. Libraries can serve as an ideal environment for implementing this technology, where it can deliver advanced information services and streamline repetitive routine tasks typically performed by library staff. The paper discusses the applications of chatbots in automating library services, including reference services, user recommendations, information retrieval, data analysis, and other related processes, and their mechanism of action in processing natural language queries and responding to them accurately. Through a web survey, the study identified eighteen chatbot models that could be implemented in libraries. This survey provided details about these bots, including their type (free or commercial), ownership, release date, operating platforms, and key features. This allows libraries to choose from them. Integrating chatbots into libraries will open new horizons for enhancing their services and improving the user experience. Despite the benefits offered by these chatbots, they face several challenges and concerns regarding their usage, notably data privacy and security, and bias in retrieval. It is expected that in the future, these chatbots will become a fundamental component of providing library services.
Keywords
Chatbots, Library Services, Artificial Intelligence, User Experience
1. Introduction
Libraries are undergoing substantial changes in the digital era, progressing from conventional information storage to dynamic knowledge and engagement centers. The core of this progression is emerging technologies that enrich user experiences and streamline processes. Among these technologies, chatbots have emerged as potent instruments with extensive potential for implementation in library services
| [1] | Gul, S. and S. Bano, Smart libraries: an emerging and innovative technological habitat of 21st century. The Electronic Library, 2019. 37(5): p. 764-783. |
[1]
.
Chatbots, or conversational agents, are computer programs designed to simulate human conversations through natural language processing
| [2] | Adamopoulou, E. and L. Moussiades, Chatbots: History, technology, and applications. Machine Learning with applications, 2020. 2: p. 100006. |
[2]
. Sanji, Behzadi
| [3] | Sanji, M., H. Behzadi, and G. Gomroki, Chatbot: an intelligent tool for libraries. Library Hi Tech News, 2022. 39(3): p. 17-20. |
[3]
offer libraries a versatile solution for engaging with patrons, providing assistance, and delivering information in real-time. With the ability to interact with users via text or speech interfaces, chatbots offer an accessible and user-friendly means to access library resources and services.
The application of chatbots in libraries extends across various facets of library operations, from reference and research assistance to circulation management. By automating routine tasks and providing immediate responses to inquiries, chatbots can alleviate the burden on library staff, allowing them to focus on complex queries and personalized services. Additionally, chatbots can facilitate round-the-clock access to library resources, catering to the diverse needs of users, regardless of time or location
| [1] | Gul, S. and S. Bano, Smart libraries: an emerging and innovative technological habitat of 21st century. The Electronic Library, 2019. 37(5): p. 764-783. |
[1]
.
Furthermore, chatbots have the potential to enhance user engagement and satisfaction by offering personalized recommendations, guiding users through library collections, and delivering targeted information based on user preferences and behaviors. Through continuous learning and improvements, chatbots can adapt to user interactions, ensuring a seamless and tailored experience for patrons
| [4] | Fatouh, A. H., Functional and technical requirements for smart academic libraries design with a proposed criterion to measure smartness rate: An evaluation study. Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences, 2021. 9(1): p. 43-90. |
[4]
.
In this paper, we explore the various applications of chatbots in library services, and the most popular open-source and commercial models are available for application. By understanding the capabilities and limitations of chatbots, librarians can harness their potential to optimize library services, foster greater accessibility, and enrich their overall user experience. Through critical analysis and case studies, we aim to provide insights into the integration of chatbots as strategic assets in modern libraries, paving the way for innovative approaches to information access and service delivery.
2. Literature Review
Chatbots provide immediate assistance to users, offering guidance on locating materials, accessing digital resources, and integrated with library systems. Moreover, chatbots enhance the accessibility of library services by providing round-the-clock support, catering to the diverse needs of patrons regardless of their location or time zone
| [5] | Panda, S. and R. Chakravarty, Adapting intelligent information services in libraries: A case of smart AI chatbots. Library Hi Tech News, 2022. 39(1): p. 12-15. |
[5]
. By leveraging natural language processing algorithms, chatbots can understand and respond to user inquiries effectively, simulating human-like interactions. Their integration into library websites and digital platforms has streamlined information retrieval processes, empowering patrons to find answers to their queries swiftly and efficiently
| [6] | Nawaz, N. and M. A. Saldeen, Artificial intelligence chatbots for library reference services. Journal of management information and decision sciences, 2020. 23: p. 442-449. |
[6]
. Additionally, chatbots play a crucial role in disseminating library-related information, including activities, events, and awareness of new collections. Therefore, the integration of chatbots in libraries signifies noteworthy progress in improving user experiences and facilitating accessibility to library resources
| [3] | Sanji, M., H. Behzadi, and G. Gomroki, Chatbot: an intelligent tool for libraries. Library Hi Tech News, 2022. 39(3): p. 17-20. |
[3]
.
After conducting a thorough analysis of studies that dealt with application of chatbot technology in libraries, with the aim of enhancing user experience and optimizing repetitive tasks, Abdelghani
| [7] | Abdelghani, S. A. F., Chat Bots and Their Use in Information Institutions: An Exploratory Analytical Study. Scientific Journal of Libraries, Documents, and Information, 2023. 5(15): p. 269-310. |
[7]
identified the primary purpose of chatbots in libraries as supplementing human interaction and reducing the workload of librarians by handling repetitive inquiries. However, the study highlighted that libraries have not fully recognized the significance of chatbots in automating their services and providing remote access, with limited experiences in their use. Mansour
| [8] | Mansour, M. S. M., Chatbots Technology and Its Applications in Assiut University Libraries: A Planning Study. Egyptian Journal of Information Science, 2022. 9(1): p. 275-326. |
[8]
delved into the application of chatbot technology in Assiut University libraries, emphasizing the potential for increased interaction between users and the library, along with enhanced user experience. The study identified the lack of awareness of chatbot benefits in completing routine tasks and budget constraints as major challenges to their adoption. Similarly, Barakat and El-Hafi
| [9] | Barakat, A. R. and E. J. El-Hafi, Investment in chatbots to provide information services in Algerian university libraries: An applied study at the Central Library of Oran1 University. Bibliophilia Journal for Library and Information Studies, 2019. 1(3): p. 142-166. |
[9]
developed a chatbot for the Central Library at the University of Oran 1 in Algeria using the Facebook Messenger application, which effectively promoted library services and attracted a significant number of users. They also emphasized the potential of chatbot technology to analyze user conversations and guide the library in enhancing its collections. Furthermore, Fatouh
| [10] | Fatouh, A. H., Using Smart Chatbots in Scientific Research. Egyptian Journal of and Sciences, 2023. 11(1): p. 339-423. |
[10]
investigated the usage of smart chatbots in scientific research by faculty members in Egyptian universities, establishing a positive correlation between the use of smart chatbots and increased productivity in scientific research. The study recommended promoting interdisciplinary collaboration between library and information specialists and computer science majors to design artificial intelligence applications supporting educational and research activities through library services. Additionally, Hassan
| [11] | Hassan, Y. A., Employing Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Reference Services in Libraries and Information Centers: A Planning Study for Designing Chatbot Software. Arab International Journal of Information Technology and Data, 2022. 2(1): p. 153-180. |
[11]
has developed a chatbot specifically designed to deliver reference services and address inquiries from users in libraries and information centers. The chatbot has demonstrated a high level of accuracy and efficiency in retrieving information, thus greatly aiding in the remote provision of reference services. The study of Sanji, Behzadi
| [3] | Sanji, M., H. Behzadi, and G. Gomroki, Chatbot: an intelligent tool for libraries. Library Hi Tech News, 2022. 39(3): p. 17-20. |
[3]
and Panda and Chakravarty
| [5] | Panda, S. and R. Chakravarty, Adapting intelligent information services in libraries: A case of smart AI chatbots. Library Hi Tech News, 2022. 39(1): p. 12-15. |
[5]
, highlighted the limited use of chatbots in libraries, emphasizing the need for libraries to utilize the capabilities of this powerful tool to provide satisfaction to their users and initiate virtual assistance, overcoming time and location barriers. Moreover, Ehrenpreis and DeLooper
| [12] | Ehrenpreis, M. and J. DeLooper, Implementing a chatbot on a library website. Journal of Web Librarianship, 2022. 16(2): p. 120-142. |
[12]
presented a case study of the implementation of Ivy chatbot on Lehman College's Leonard Leaf Library website, This chatbot serves as a new tool that helps users search for information and provides insight to librarians into the types of topics students are searching for via the library's website. The paper titled "Conceptualizing a Library Chatbot using Open-Source Conversational Artificial Intelligence" by
| [13] | Bagchi, M., Conceptualising a Library Chatbot using Open Source Conversational Artificial Intelligence. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 2020. 40(6). |
[13]
explores the potential of implementing a libraries chatbot using the Rasa Stack, an open-source conversational AI platform, to enhance library services and user interactions. The research findings highlight that incorporating chatbots into library semantic knowledge management systems can provide patrons with a more comprehensive information service. Therefore, the study recommends allocating sufficient resources for technical training and budgetary considerations to promote the widespread adoption of AI-powered conversational software in libraries.
In conclusion, the studies collectively underscore the potential of chatbot technology in libraries to enhance user experience, automate routine tasks, and provide remote access to information services. However, they also highlight challenges such as limited awareness of chatbot benefits, budget constraints, and the need for technical training to facilitate widespread adoption. Overall, these findings emphasize the need for further exploration and promotion of chatbot technology in library settings to optimize user services and operational efficiency.
3. History of Chatbots
The inception of chatbots can be traced back to 1950, when researcher Alan Turing laid the groundwork for machine thinking and the creation of dialogue systems that imitate human intellectual behavior. Chatbots have evolved into two generations: the first is the traditional (restricted) type with limited capabilities, which emerged between 1966 and 2009. With advancements in artificial intelligence technologies and the enhancement of natural language processing models, second-generation chatbots, known as the intelligent (unrestricted) generation, have emerged between 2010 and now. These chatbots simulate human conversations, provide answers across various fields, and have the ability to self-improve through machine learning algorithms
| [10] | Fatouh, A. H., Using Smart Chatbots in Scientific Research. Egyptian Journal of and Sciences, 2023. 11(1): p. 339-423. |
[10]
.
Table 1. Timeline of the evolution of chatbot generations.
Chatbot Name | Company/ Designer | Product Data |
Traditional Generation |
ELIZA | MIT | 1966 |
PARRY | ـــــــــــ | 1972 |
Jabber wacky | Rollo Carpenter | 1988 |
Dr. Sbaitso | Creative Labs | 1992 |
WeChat | WeChat | 2009 |
Smart Generation |
SIRI | Apple | 2010 |
Google Assistant | Google | 2012 |
Cortana | Microsoft | 2014 |
Alexa | Amazon | 2015 |
ChatGPT | OpenAI | 2023 |
Gemini | Google | 2024 |
4. Understanding the Operations of Chatbot AI
A study by Senthilkumar and Chowdhary
| [14] | Senthilkumar, M. and C. L. Chowdhary, An AI-based chatbot using deep learning, in Intelligent Systems. 2019, Apple Academic Press. p. 231-242. |
[14]
and Gupta, Akiri
| [15] | Gupta, M., et al., From chatgpt to threatgpt: Impact of generative ai in cybersecurity and privacy. IEEE Access, 2023. |
[15]
revealed that chatbots use natural language processing (NLP) technology to understand user input and interact with it in a way that mimics human cognition. The following figure shows the mechanism of the chatbot supported by artificial intelligence.
Figure 1. Components of Chatbot.
1. Input Processing: involves the reception and handling of user interactions with a chatbot, where the system receives and processes the input, whether in the form of text or voice.
2. Natural Language Understanding (NLU): This is a vital element in which the chatbot deciphers the user's input. NLU includes tasks such as structuring (dividing input into words or phrases), entity identification (recognizing crucial details such as names, dates, and locations), and intent recognition (determining the user's goal or desire).
3. Context Handling: Chatbot frequently maintains contextual awareness throughout discussions to provide pertinent replies. This involves remembering previous interactions and the current context of conversation.
4. Response Generation: The chatbot generates a response based on the interpreted input and context. This could involve retrieving information from a knowledge base, generating a response from predefined templates, or even generating new text using machine-learning models (GPT models).
5. Natural Language Generation (NLG): This is the process of converting the chatbot's internal representation of a response into natural language that the user can understand. NLG involves tasks like selecting appropriate words, forming grammatically correct sentences, and ensuring coherence and relevance in the response.
6. Output Delivery: Finally, the generated response is delivered to the user through the appropriate channel, whether it's text on a chatbot interface, spoken output in a voice interaction, or any other type.
5. Application of Chatbots in Library Services
The recent evolution of chatbots and their applications in various fields have been explored. However, few studies have explored the potential of chatbots for applications in the library and information science fields. Perhaps this area is quite new and still an unexplored territory for library professionals, particularly in developing countries. The core library functions involve acquiring information, developing the collection, processing information, organization, storage, and dissemination through various means. Within the overall operation of the library functions, these chatbots can strengthen user relations and information retrieval within the library system. The chatbots can offer assistance in the following areas of library services:
5.1. Reference Service
Libraries aim to aid users in finding needed information and addressing inquiries. Chatbots embedded within library websites or integrated into online public access catalogs (OPAC) can instantly assist users. Once integrated, these chatbots may recommend relevant resources, help answer basic research questions, and supply details about library services, policies or other topics
| [6] | Nawaz, N. and M. A. Saldeen, Artificial intelligence chatbots for library reference services. Journal of management information and decision sciences, 2020. 23: p. 442-449. |
[6]
.
5.2. Virtual Assistants
Libraries can use chatbots as virtual assistants to improve user experience. Chatbots can be created to provide pre-programmed services such as book renewals, reading room reservations, book recommendations, and information about library activities. Libraries using chatbots can provide basic processes outside official working hours and throughout the week, allowing librarians to focus on more complex user needs
| [16] | Mukherjee, S. and S. K. Patra, Chatbots: A review of their potential applications in library services. Qeios, 2023. |
[16]
.
5.3. Information Retrieval
The use of chatbots for information retrieval within libraries enhances search experience in an innovative and efficient manner. These chatbots can guide visitors to be reactive and easily retrieve information through intelligent conversations. Furthermore, natural language voice search enhances interaction with the library, allowing users to make search requests in their own personal style without the need for traditional typing
| [17] | Najafali, D., et al., Can chatbots assist with grant writing in plastic surgery? Utilizing ChatGPT to start an R01 grant. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 2023: p. sjad116. |
[17]
.
5.4. User Recommendations
Chatbots can interact with visitors. Based on user preferences, reading history, or internet surfing habits, they can be programmed to provide tailored book recommendations by matching the user profile stored in the library system database
| [17] | Najafali, D., et al., Can chatbots assist with grant writing in plastic surgery? Utilizing ChatGPT to start an R01 grant. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 2023: p. sjad116. |
[17]
.
5.5. Big Data Analytics
By conducting in-depth analysis of user interactions with chatbots, libraries can gain meaningful insights into patron behavior, preferences, and information needs. Such data analysis can aid in informing collection development efforts to align better with patron interests. Additionally, regularly analyzing interaction trends allows libraries to stay abreast of evolving patron demands to understand additional needed resources. Chatbot questions and topic logs further help pinpoint frequently asked queries as well as topics lacking coverage, thereby enhancing user experience. Overall, leveraging data from chatbot usage opens new doors for libraries to refine their services to better serve their communities
| [18] | Fatouh, A. H., Big data analytics and their role in supporting libraries in decision making. Arab libraries and information journal of library, 2017. 4: p. 171-202. |
| [19] | Simović, A., A Big Data smart library recommender system for an educational institution. Library Hi Tech, 2018. 36(3): p. 498-523. |
[18, 19]
.
5.6. Technical Operations
Libraries can adopt chatbots in the procedures of cataloging and classification books and indexing periodicals accurately, which saves time and effort in completing these arduous tasks
| [3] | Sanji, M., H. Behzadi, and G. Gomroki, Chatbot: an intelligent tool for libraries. Library Hi Tech News, 2022. 39(3): p. 17-20. |
[3]
.
6. Objectives
Based on the literature review provided, the objective of this study is to examine different online chatbots, both free and commercial. This section aims to offer libraries a concise overview of the available chatbots, including the date they were released, ownership, operating platforms, and key features. The intention is to provide librarians and decision makers with a readily available resource, enabling them to effectively integrate these chatbots into library activities and services according to their budgetary constraints.
7. Methodology
The research drew its data primarily from the websites of various chatbots, serving as the primary source of information. Data collection was conducted over a period spanning from April 2012 up to the present, allowing for a comprehensive examination of available chatbot offerings over an extended timeframe. In total, (18) distinct chatbots were scrutinized as part of the study, providing a diverse sample for analysis. To ensure systematic data collection, a checklist was utilized as the primary data collection instrument. This checklist facilitated the organized gathering of pertinent information from each chatbot's website, ensuring consistency and thoroughness in the data collection process. Through this approach, the study aimed to compile a comprehensive overview of the features and characteristics of the examined chatbots, shedding light on the landscape of chatbot technology over the specified period.
8. Findings
The findings of the survey revealed the presence of (18) distinct chatbot models accessible on the internet. These chatbots were meticulously assessed and compared across several dimensions, including their respective owners, release dates, notable features, nature (whether free or commercial), and operating environments (Web or App). Through a comprehensive descriptive analysis, key characteristics and features of each chatbot were elucidated, providing valuable insights into the evolving landscape of chatbot technology.
Table 2 serves as a succinct repository of these findings, offering readers a consolidated overview of the surveyed chatbots and facilitating comparisons across various attributes. This scholarly presentation of findings not only contributes to our understanding of the current state of chatbot development but also serves as a valuable resource for librarians and decision-makers alike to integrate chatbots into library services and activities in a way that suits their budget and enhances the user experience.
Table 2. Survey of the most popular chatbots available online.
No. | Chatbot Name | Date | Company | Main Features | Platform | Type |
APP | Web |
1 | Bing Chat | 2023 | Microsoft | It runs on the same technology as ChatGPT-4. What distinguishes this bot is that it provides detailed responses with footnotes containing the original sources of information, which gives a positive impression to users regarding the credibility of the information provided. | ✓ | ✓ | Free |
2 | Pop AI | 2023 | INAIPTE | PopAi is armed with an extensive library of templates, transforming the art of creation into a more accessible endeavor. From drafting academic papers, designing PowerPoint presentations, crafting resumes, to writing code, converting text, translating languages, and optimizing SEO copy. | ✓ | ✓ | Commercial |
3 | ChatSpot | 2023 | HubSpot | Free AI-powered assistant that combines the power of ChatGPT with unique data sources, including the HubSpot CRM, to help users. | ✕ | ✓ | Free |
4 | NOVA | 2023 | NOVA AI | Powered by ChatGPT & GPT-4 and supports audio search. | ✓ | ✓ | Commercial |
5 | Cloude AI | 2023 | Anthropic | Powered by an LLM called Claude 2, it can write different kinds of creative content, translate languages, and even generate simple visuals. It supports the feature of attaching files and analyzing their content to extract information. | ✕ | ✓ | Commercial |
6 | ChatGPT | 2022 | Open AI | It is fed large amounts of data and uses the advanced GPT-4 linguistic processing model, allowing it to generate text that is indistinguishable from human-type text. | ✓ | ✓ | Commercial |
7 | Gemini (Bard) | 2022 | Google AI | It is an interactive chatbot based on Google's PaLM2 modern language model, which is designed to understand conversations in multiple languages. | ✕ | ✓ | Free |
8 | Perplexity | 2022 | Perplexity AI, Inc. | A search engine and chatbot that uses the ChatGPT-3 language processing model. What distinguishes this bot is that it is designed to search the web in real time and provide links to online search results, in addition to allowing voice search. | ✓ | ✓ | Free |
9 | Jasper | 2022 | Jasper Studios | Uses different LLMs, including GPT-4, and check for grammar and plagiarism and write in over 50 different templates, including blog posts, Twitter threads, video scripts, and more. It also offers SEO insights. | ✓ | ✓ | Commercial |
10 | ChatSonic | 2022 | Writesonic | Powered by GPT-3.5 or GPT-4, it includes the ability to web search and generate images. It offers some tools including Article Writer and Article Rewriter. | ✓ | ✓ | Commercial |
11 | Poi AI | 2021 | Quora | Poe supports GPT-4 and DALL-E 3 from OpenAI. | ✓ | ✓ | Free |
12 | Watson | 2021 | IBM | This bot uses NLP and machine learning to gather context and it also supports voice search. | ✕ | ✓ | Free |
13 | Sider | 2021 | Meta | Supports GPT-3.5/GPT-4 models. Provides YouTube summaries, Chat PDF, AI painting, translation, proofreading, OCR, and content writing in a professional manner. | ✓ | ✓ | Free |
14 | YouChat | 2021 | YouCom | Powered by OpenAI's GPT-4 language model, the latest and greatest artificial language model, this gives me the ability to understand and manipulate texts in advanced and accurate ways. | ✓ | ✓ | Free |
15 | Socratic | 2020 | Google, Inc. | It supports voice search and scan papers to recognize the content and provide direct answers. | ✓ | ✕ | Free |
16 | Alexa | 2015 | Amazon | Alexa can understand the user's natural language, analyze it, and extract information. It is used in libraries to provide information retrieval services. | ✓ | ✕ | Commercial |
17 | Google Assistant | 2012 | Google, Inc. | It uses artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques to understand voice commands and is characterized by its ability to understand complex questions and extract information from the internet. | ✓ | ✕ | Free |
18 | SIRI | 2010 | Apple, Inc. | It works with the iOS operating system. It is an intelligent personal assistant that uses natural conversational language and supports conversational voice search. | ✓ | ✕ | Free |
The survey findings have revealed a significant increase in the proliferation of chatbots in recent years, accompanied by a steady influx of innovative chatbot models entering the market. Libraries can utilize this survey to determine which type of chatbot (commercial or free) is most suitable, based on their budgetary constraints, to apply it in their services.
9. Conclusion
The paper explores various applications of chatbots in library services, such as technical operations, user recommendations, big data analytics, and remote reference services. It emphasizes the importance of conducting web scanning to explore and evaluate new chatbot models and select the most suitable ones for implementation in libraries. Moreover, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of chatbots available from 2010 to the present, including details on their release dates, ownership, operating platforms, and key features. This serves as a valuable resource for librarians and decision-makers who are considering integrating chatbots into library activities. Furthermore, the paper highlights the broader landscape of chatbot technology and its potential for widespread adoption among the public. This could potentially lead to a paradigm shift, where chatbots replace conventional search engines as the primary means of online information retrieval. As a result, the term "search engine" may gradually become outdated.
Finally, it is anticipated that chatbot technology will be extensively embraced by the public in the future. This has the potential to bring about a significant transformation in the information retrieval process, with chatbots replacing traditional search engines as the primary method of accessing information online. As a result, the term "search engine" may gradually become outdated.
Abbreviations
AI | Artificial Intelligence |
LIS | Library and Information Science |
NPL | Natural Language Processing |
NLU | Natural Language Understanding |
GPT | Generative Pre-trained Transformer |
NLG | Natural Language Generation |
OPAC | Online Public Access Catalog |
PaLM2 | Pathways Language Model (Version 2) |
LLMs | Large Language Models |
DALL | Digital Assisted Language Learning |
OCR | Optical Character |
Author Contributions
Amr Hassan Fatouh is the sole author. The author read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflicts of Interest
The author declares no conflicts of interest.
References
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Gul, S. and S. Bano, Smart libraries: an emerging and innovative technological habitat of 21st century. The Electronic Library, 2019. 37(5): p. 764-783.
|
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Adamopoulou, E. and L. Moussiades, Chatbots: History, technology, and applications. Machine Learning with applications, 2020. 2: p. 100006.
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| [3] |
Sanji, M., H. Behzadi, and G. Gomroki, Chatbot: an intelligent tool for libraries. Library Hi Tech News, 2022. 39(3): p. 17-20.
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| [4] |
Fatouh, A. H., Functional and technical requirements for smart academic libraries design with a proposed criterion to measure smartness rate: An evaluation study. Egyptian Journal of Information Sciences, 2021. 9(1): p. 43-90.
|
| [5] |
Panda, S. and R. Chakravarty, Adapting intelligent information services in libraries: A case of smart AI chatbots. Library Hi Tech News, 2022. 39(1): p. 12-15.
|
| [6] |
Nawaz, N. and M. A. Saldeen, Artificial intelligence chatbots for library reference services. Journal of management information and decision sciences, 2020. 23: p. 442-449.
|
| [7] |
Abdelghani, S. A. F., Chat Bots and Their Use in Information Institutions: An Exploratory Analytical Study. Scientific Journal of Libraries, Documents, and Information, 2023. 5(15): p. 269-310.
|
| [8] |
Mansour, M. S. M., Chatbots Technology and Its Applications in Assiut University Libraries: A Planning Study. Egyptian Journal of Information Science, 2022. 9(1): p. 275-326.
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| [9] |
Barakat, A. R. and E. J. El-Hafi, Investment in chatbots to provide information services in Algerian university libraries: An applied study at the Central Library of Oran1 University. Bibliophilia Journal for Library and Information Studies, 2019. 1(3): p. 142-166.
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| [10] |
Fatouh, A. H., Using Smart Chatbots in Scientific Research. Egyptian Journal of and Sciences, 2023. 11(1): p. 339-423.
|
| [11] |
Hassan, Y. A., Employing Artificial Intelligence Techniques in Reference Services in Libraries and Information Centers: A Planning Study for Designing Chatbot Software. Arab International Journal of Information Technology and Data, 2022. 2(1): p. 153-180.
|
| [12] |
Ehrenpreis, M. and J. DeLooper, Implementing a chatbot on a library website. Journal of Web Librarianship, 2022. 16(2): p. 120-142.
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| [13] |
Bagchi, M., Conceptualising a Library Chatbot using Open Source Conversational Artificial Intelligence. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, 2020. 40(6).
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Senthilkumar, M. and C. L. Chowdhary, An AI-based chatbot using deep learning, in Intelligent Systems. 2019, Apple Academic Press. p. 231-242.
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Gupta, M., et al., From chatgpt to threatgpt: Impact of generative ai in cybersecurity and privacy. IEEE Access, 2023.
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Mukherjee, S. and S. K. Patra, Chatbots: A review of their potential applications in library services. Qeios, 2023.
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Najafali, D., et al., Can chatbots assist with grant writing in plastic surgery? Utilizing ChatGPT to start an R01 grant. Aesthetic Surgery Journal, 2023: p. sjad116.
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Fatouh, A. H., Big data analytics and their role in supporting libraries in decision making. Arab libraries and information journal of library, 2017. 4: p. 171-202.
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Cite This Article
-
-
@article{10.11648/j.ajist.20240801.12,
author = {Amr Hassan Fatouh},
title = {Investing of Chatbots to Enhance the Library Services
},
journal = {American Journal of Information Science and Technology},
volume = {8},
number = {1},
pages = {15-21},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajist.20240801.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20240801.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajist.20240801.12},
abstract = {Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable tool in our daily lives and is a concept that refers to complex tasks that usually require significant human effort. Chatbots stand out as one of the primary applications of artificial intelligence, aiming to foster an interactive dialogue environment between humans and machines to address inquiries through textual or voice interfaces that simulate human cognition. Libraries can serve as an ideal environment for implementing this technology, where it can deliver advanced information services and streamline repetitive routine tasks typically performed by library staff. The paper discusses the applications of chatbots in automating library services, including reference services, user recommendations, information retrieval, data analysis, and other related processes, and their mechanism of action in processing natural language queries and responding to them accurately. Through a web survey, the study identified eighteen chatbot models that could be implemented in libraries. This survey provided details about these bots, including their type (free or commercial), ownership, release date, operating platforms, and key features. This allows libraries to choose from them. Integrating chatbots into libraries will open new horizons for enhancing their services and improving the user experience. Despite the benefits offered by these chatbots, they face several challenges and concerns regarding their usage, notably data privacy and security, and bias in retrieval. It is expected that in the future, these chatbots will become a fundamental component of providing library services.
},
year = {2024}
}
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TY - JOUR
T1 - Investing of Chatbots to Enhance the Library Services
AU - Amr Hassan Fatouh
Y1 - 2024/05/24
PY - 2024
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20240801.12
DO - 10.11648/j.ajist.20240801.12
T2 - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JF - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JO - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
SP - 15
EP - 21
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2640-0588
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20240801.12
AB - Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become an indispensable tool in our daily lives and is a concept that refers to complex tasks that usually require significant human effort. Chatbots stand out as one of the primary applications of artificial intelligence, aiming to foster an interactive dialogue environment between humans and machines to address inquiries through textual or voice interfaces that simulate human cognition. Libraries can serve as an ideal environment for implementing this technology, where it can deliver advanced information services and streamline repetitive routine tasks typically performed by library staff. The paper discusses the applications of chatbots in automating library services, including reference services, user recommendations, information retrieval, data analysis, and other related processes, and their mechanism of action in processing natural language queries and responding to them accurately. Through a web survey, the study identified eighteen chatbot models that could be implemented in libraries. This survey provided details about these bots, including their type (free or commercial), ownership, release date, operating platforms, and key features. This allows libraries to choose from them. Integrating chatbots into libraries will open new horizons for enhancing their services and improving the user experience. Despite the benefits offered by these chatbots, they face several challenges and concerns regarding their usage, notably data privacy and security, and bias in retrieval. It is expected that in the future, these chatbots will become a fundamental component of providing library services.
VL - 8
IS - 1
ER -
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