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Correlation of Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Indian Set-Up

Received: 19 April 2014     Accepted: 10 May 2014     Published: 20 May 2014
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Abstract

Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) occur very commonly and cause a negative impact on the overall quality of life of the women. These symptoms cause distress, depression and strain interpersonal relationships. Little is known about PMS in India hence, this study was designed to know the prevalence of these symptoms and any correlation between them in adult Indian population. This survey was conducted in 150 healthy volunteers in the later half of the menstrual cycle. A predesigned questionnaire regarding PMS was filled. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and only those participants were enrolled who were willing to give written informed consent. A total of 148 females were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups. All the parameters were comparable except for a significant (p<0.05) difference in higher complaints of insomnia in group 1. PMS A which considered symptoms of anxiety, irritability, mood swings and nervousness. PMS C included symptoms like increase in appetite, headache, fatigue, dizziness and palpitation. PMS D included symptoms of depression, crying, forgetfulness, confusion and insomnia. PMS H included symptoms of fluid retention, increase in weight, and swelling of extremities, breast tenderness and abdominal bloating. PMS A was significantly correlated with PMS C, PMS D, backache and abdominal bloating in both group 1 and 2. PMS C was significantly correlated with PMS A, PMS D, PMS H, insomnia and generalized aches in both group 1 and 2. PMS D was significantly correlated with PMS A, PMS C, PMS H in both group 1 and 2. PMS H was significantly correlated with PMS C and PMS D in both group 1 and 2. PMS H has significant correlation with PMS A and insomnia in group 1 and age in group 2. Our study shows premenstrual symptoms are very common and distressing and there is a significant correlation between the various physical, emotional and psychological symptoms.

Published in American Journal of Health Research (Volume 2, Issue 3)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15
Page(s) 102-105
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Premenstrual Syndrome, Menstrual Cycle, Questionnaire, Physical, Emotional, Psychological

References
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[2] Grosz HJ. Correlates of Premenstrual syndrome. Am J Psychiatry Nov 1988; 145: 1482.
[3] Dennerstein L, Lehert P, Heinemann K. Global study of women's experiences of premenstrual symptoms and their effects on daily life. Menopause Int 2011; 17: 88-95.
[4] Diseases and Conditions. Pre-menstrual Syndrome (PMS). Available at url. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/premenstrual-syndrome/basics/symptoms/con-20020003. (Last Accessed on 11th April, 2014).
[5] Yonkers KA, O'Brien PM, Eriksson E. Premenstrual syndrome. Lancet 2008; 371: 1200-10.
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[7] Teixeira AL, Oliveira ÉC, Dias MR. Relationship between the level of physical activity and premenstrual syndrome incidence. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2013; 35: 210-4.
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[10] Clayton AH. Symptoms related to the menstrual cycle: diagnosis, prevalence and treatment. J Psychiatr Pract 2008; 14: 13-21.
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[16] Pearlstein T, Steiner M. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder: burden of illness and treatment update. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2008; 33: 291-301
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[18] Futterman LA, Rapkin AJ. Diagnosis of premenstrual disorders. J Reprod Med 2006; 51(4 Suppl): 349-58.
[19] Wallace K. Premenstrual Syndrome Questionnaire. Available at url. http://www.wallacehealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/PMS-Questionnaire.pdf. (Last Accessed on 11th April, 2014).
[20] Moos RH, Kopell BS, Melges FT, Yalom ID, Lunde DT, Clayton RB, et.al. Fluctuations in symptoms and moods during the menstrual cycle. J Psychosom Res 1969; 13: 37-44.
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  • APA Style

    Preeti Garg, Prithpal S Matreja, Prem P Khosla, Lovepreet Kaur, Praveen Mohan. (2014). Correlation of Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Indian Set-Up. American Journal of Health Research, 2(3), 102-105. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15

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    ACS Style

    Preeti Garg; Prithpal S Matreja; Prem P Khosla; Lovepreet Kaur; Praveen Mohan. Correlation of Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Indian Set-Up. Am. J. Health Res. 2014, 2(3), 102-105. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15

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    AMA Style

    Preeti Garg, Prithpal S Matreja, Prem P Khosla, Lovepreet Kaur, Praveen Mohan. Correlation of Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Indian Set-Up. Am J Health Res. 2014;2(3):102-105. doi: 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15,
      author = {Preeti Garg and Prithpal S Matreja and Prem P Khosla and Lovepreet Kaur and Praveen Mohan},
      title = {Correlation of Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Indian Set-Up},
      journal = {American Journal of Health Research},
      volume = {2},
      number = {3},
      pages = {102-105},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajhr.20140203.15},
      abstract = {Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) occur very commonly and cause a negative impact on the overall quality of life of the women. These symptoms cause distress, depression and strain interpersonal relationships. Little is known about PMS in India hence, this study was designed to know the prevalence of these symptoms and any correlation between them in adult Indian population. This survey was conducted in 150 healthy volunteers in the later half of the menstrual cycle. A predesigned questionnaire regarding PMS was filled. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and only those participants were enrolled who were willing to give written informed consent. A total of 148 females were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups. All the parameters were comparable except for a significant (p<0.05) difference in higher complaints of insomnia in group 1. PMS A which considered symptoms of anxiety, irritability, mood swings and nervousness. PMS C included symptoms like increase in appetite, headache, fatigue, dizziness and palpitation. PMS D included symptoms of depression, crying, forgetfulness, confusion and insomnia. PMS H included symptoms of fluid retention, increase in weight, and swelling of extremities, breast tenderness and abdominal bloating. PMS A was significantly correlated with PMS C, PMS D, backache and abdominal bloating in both group 1 and 2. PMS C was significantly correlated with PMS A, PMS D, PMS H, insomnia and generalized aches in both group 1 and 2. PMS D was significantly correlated with PMS A, PMS C, PMS H in both group 1 and 2. PMS H was significantly correlated with PMS C and PMS D in both group 1 and 2. PMS H has significant correlation with PMS A and insomnia in group 1 and age in group 2. Our study shows premenstrual symptoms are very common and distressing and there is a significant correlation between the various physical, emotional and psychological symptoms.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Correlation of Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome in Indian Set-Up
    AU  - Preeti Garg
    AU  - Prithpal S Matreja
    AU  - Prem P Khosla
    AU  - Lovepreet Kaur
    AU  - Praveen Mohan
    Y1  - 2014/05/20
    PY  - 2014
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15
    T2  - American Journal of Health Research
    JF  - American Journal of Health Research
    JO  - American Journal of Health Research
    SP  - 102
    EP  - 105
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8796
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajhr.20140203.15
    AB  - Premenstrual symptoms (PMS) occur very commonly and cause a negative impact on the overall quality of life of the women. These symptoms cause distress, depression and strain interpersonal relationships. Little is known about PMS in India hence, this study was designed to know the prevalence of these symptoms and any correlation between them in adult Indian population. This survey was conducted in 150 healthy volunteers in the later half of the menstrual cycle. A predesigned questionnaire regarding PMS was filled. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee and only those participants were enrolled who were willing to give written informed consent. A total of 148 females were enrolled in the study and divided into 2 groups. All the parameters were comparable except for a significant (p<0.05) difference in higher complaints of insomnia in group 1. PMS A which considered symptoms of anxiety, irritability, mood swings and nervousness. PMS C included symptoms like increase in appetite, headache, fatigue, dizziness and palpitation. PMS D included symptoms of depression, crying, forgetfulness, confusion and insomnia. PMS H included symptoms of fluid retention, increase in weight, and swelling of extremities, breast tenderness and abdominal bloating. PMS A was significantly correlated with PMS C, PMS D, backache and abdominal bloating in both group 1 and 2. PMS C was significantly correlated with PMS A, PMS D, PMS H, insomnia and generalized aches in both group 1 and 2. PMS D was significantly correlated with PMS A, PMS C, PMS H in both group 1 and 2. PMS H was significantly correlated with PMS C and PMS D in both group 1 and 2. PMS H has significant correlation with PMS A and insomnia in group 1 and age in group 2. Our study shows premenstrual symptoms are very common and distressing and there is a significant correlation between the various physical, emotional and psychological symptoms.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Pharmacology, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Village Ram Nagar, District Patiala, Punjab, India-140601

  • Department of Pharmacology, Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Village Ram Nagar, Tehsil Rajpura, District Patiala, Punjab, India-140601

  • Department of Pharmacology, Subharti Medical College and Hospital, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India-250002

  • Gian Sagar Medical College and Hospital, Village Ram Nagar, District Patiala, Punjab, India-140601

  • Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MM Institute of Medical Science and Research, Mullana, Harayana, India - 133207

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