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Research of Soil Resources Degradation Processes in Georgia

Received: 17 August 2015     Accepted: 2 September 2015     Published: 18 September 2015
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Abstract

Proper exploitation of soil resourses is one of the significant problem of the adverse impact of climate change. Soil formation is a long process, while its degradation develops much faster. Soil degradation means the process of deterioration of soil resources fertility, as a result of both natural and anthropogenic impact. Significant impact on soil resources take place in East and West Georgia. The results of the present study show that the main reasons of soil resources degradation in Georgia are: salinization, erosion processes and natural disasters impact. In the work the following issues are overviewed, namely: i. The climate components regime and their connection with modern ecological processes. In particular, the temperature and precipitation trends and their possible impact on chemical data are researched. The regression relation between global warming intensity and soil chemical data are revealed. ii. In selected degraded soils total amount of easily soluble salts, the main ions composition for the determination of saline soil’s quality, humus and soluble forms of nutrient elements aiming soil fertility definition. iii. The mechanical analysis of the soil referring to research soil physical properties and salt migration in the ground. Natural disasters impact on the soil degradation is considered. Research results defined the territories and types of soils degradation in Georgia. The recommendations to improve the soil fertility are created. The received results could promote the socio-economic development of the districts/ regions in Georgia and introduce considerable material and economic effects, assist the sustainable management of soil resources and alleviation of poverty.

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16
Page(s) 251-259
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Soil Degradation, Sustainable Development, Agriculture, Climate Change, Mitigation

References
[1] A. Müller and J. Weigelt (2013) “Governace for a land Degradation Neutral World” in IISD Land Policy and Practice Knowledge Database. http://nr.iisd.org/guest-articles/governance-for-a-land-degradation-neutral-world/.
[2] FAO, Guidelines for Soil Description (2012). Rome, 97 p.
[3] Tsao D. (2013). Phytoremediation: Advances in Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, p.207.
[4] G. Khasitashvili, L. Machavariani, R. Gakhokidze (2015). Improving Phytoremediation of Soil Polluted with Hydrocarbons in Georgia, Soil remediation and Plants. Chapter 19. New-York-Paris-Tokyo, Elsevier, 547-569.
[5] L. Maruashvili (1971) – Physical Geography of Georgia. Tbilisi. 260 p. (in Georgian).
[6] T. Urushadze (1999) - The map of Georgian soils. (scale 1:500 000), Tbilisi. (in Georgian).
[7] FAO and Ministry of Agriculture of Georgia (Winter 2011). Georgia: Agriculture Sector Bulletin.http://www.fao.¬org¬ /fileadmin/templates/tc/ tce/pdf/ Georgia Agriculture Sector Bulletin Winter 2011.
[8] UNFCC (2009). The Second National Communication under the UNFCC, Tbilisi, 230 p.
[9] Shavliashvili L., Kordzakhia G., Elizabrashvili E., Kuchava G., Tugushi N. (2014). Degradation of Alazani Valley Soils on Background of Modern Climate Change. Publisher” Universal”. P. 181 (in Georgian).
[10] Materials of the Statistic Department of Georgia, (2009). Land Use and Its Structure According to Various Forms of Landownership and Land Tenure. Tbilisi, pp.33-50.
[11] G. Khasitashvili, L. Machavariani, R. Gakhokidze (2015). Improving Phytoremediation of Soil Polluted with Hydrocarbons in Georgia, Soil remediation and Plants. Chapter 19. New-York-Paris-Tokyo, Elsevier, 547-569.
[12] Kadjaia G., 2008. The Principles of Environment Protection//“Intelekt”, Tbilisi. 272 pp. (in Georgian).
[13] Climate Change Impact on Dedoplistskaro Region (2008). Tbilisi, pp.47-110, (in Georgian).
[14] Emil Tsereteli, George Gaprindashvili, Tsetsili Donadze, Tinatin Nanobashvili, Otar Kutsikidze (2015). Some Aspects of the Methodology of Disaster Geological Processes Hazard and Risk Mapping on the Example of Georgia, International Conference "Applied Ecology: Problems, Innovations". Proceedings ICAE - 2015, pp 30 - 36. http//icae-2015.tsu.ge/.
[15] Von Ina Keggenhoff, Tatjana Keller, Mariam Elizbarashvili, Ramin Gobejishvili und Lorenz
[16] King (2011). Naturkatastrophen durch Klimawandel im Kaukasus? Hochwasser und Hannstabilitaten in Georgien immer haufiger. Spiegel der Forschung, N2, 16-23.
[17] Lubomir Prokes, Michaela Vanharova and Josef Havel (2014) Image analysis in remote sensing of soils. The materials of the International Conference on Research and Innovation for Sustainable Soil Management.
[18] G. Kordzakhia L., Shengelia G., Tvauri V., Tsomaia, M. Dzadzamia (2015). Satellite remote sensing outputs of the certain glaciers on the territory of East Georgia
[19] G. Kordzakhia, L. Shengelia, G. Tvauri, M. Dzadzamia, Research of Devdoraki Glacier Based on Satellite Remote Sensing Data and Devdoraki Glacier Falls in Historical Context, American Journal of Environmental Protection. Special Issue: Applied Ecology: Problems, Innovations. Vol. 4, No. 3-1, 2015, pp. 14-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.s.2015040301.13.
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  • APA Style

    George Kordzakhia, Lali Shavliashvili, Gulchina Kuchava, Nugzar Buachidze. (2015). Research of Soil Resources Degradation Processes in Georgia. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(5), 251-259. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16

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    ACS Style

    George Kordzakhia; Lali Shavliashvili; Gulchina Kuchava; Nugzar Buachidze. Research of Soil Resources Degradation Processes in Georgia. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2015, 4(5), 251-259. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16

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    AMA Style

    George Kordzakhia, Lali Shavliashvili, Gulchina Kuchava, Nugzar Buachidze. Research of Soil Resources Degradation Processes in Georgia. Am J Environ Prot. 2015;4(5):251-259. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16,
      author = {George Kordzakhia and Lali Shavliashvili and Gulchina Kuchava and Nugzar Buachidze},
      title = {Research of Soil Resources Degradation Processes in Georgia},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5},
      pages = {251-259},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20150405.16},
      abstract = {Proper exploitation of soil resourses is one of the significant problem of the adverse impact of climate change. Soil formation is a long process, while its degradation develops much faster. Soil degradation means the process of deterioration of soil resources fertility, as a result of both natural and anthropogenic impact. Significant impact on soil resources take place in East and West Georgia. The results of the present study show that the main reasons of soil resources degradation in Georgia are: salinization, erosion processes and natural disasters impact. In the work the following issues are overviewed, namely: i. The climate components regime and their connection with modern ecological processes. In particular, the temperature and precipitation trends and their possible impact on chemical data are researched. The regression relation between global warming intensity and soil chemical data are revealed. ii. In selected degraded soils total amount of easily soluble salts, the main ions composition for the determination of saline soil’s quality, humus and soluble forms of nutrient elements aiming soil fertility definition. iii. The mechanical analysis of the soil referring to research soil physical properties and salt migration in the ground. Natural disasters impact on the soil degradation is considered. Research results defined the territories and types of soils degradation in Georgia. The recommendations to improve the soil fertility are created. The received results could promote the socio-economic development of the districts/ regions in Georgia and introduce considerable material and economic effects, assist the sustainable management of soil resources and alleviation of poverty.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Research of Soil Resources Degradation Processes in Georgia
    AU  - George Kordzakhia
    AU  - Lali Shavliashvili
    AU  - Gulchina Kuchava
    AU  - Nugzar Buachidze
    Y1  - 2015/09/18
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    SP  - 251
    EP  - 259
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5699
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150405.16
    AB  - Proper exploitation of soil resourses is one of the significant problem of the adverse impact of climate change. Soil formation is a long process, while its degradation develops much faster. Soil degradation means the process of deterioration of soil resources fertility, as a result of both natural and anthropogenic impact. Significant impact on soil resources take place in East and West Georgia. The results of the present study show that the main reasons of soil resources degradation in Georgia are: salinization, erosion processes and natural disasters impact. In the work the following issues are overviewed, namely: i. The climate components regime and their connection with modern ecological processes. In particular, the temperature and precipitation trends and their possible impact on chemical data are researched. The regression relation between global warming intensity and soil chemical data are revealed. ii. In selected degraded soils total amount of easily soluble salts, the main ions composition for the determination of saline soil’s quality, humus and soluble forms of nutrient elements aiming soil fertility definition. iii. The mechanical analysis of the soil referring to research soil physical properties and salt migration in the ground. Natural disasters impact on the soil degradation is considered. Research results defined the territories and types of soils degradation in Georgia. The recommendations to improve the soil fertility are created. The received results could promote the socio-economic development of the districts/ regions in Georgia and introduce considerable material and economic effects, assist the sustainable management of soil resources and alleviation of poverty.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • The Institute of Hydrometeorology, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

  • The Institute of Hydrometeorology, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

  • The Institute of Hydrometeorology, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

  • The Institute of Hydrometeorology, Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia

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